{"id":290993,"date":"2026-11-10T07:35:04","date_gmt":"2026-11-10T06:35:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=290993"},"modified":"2026-11-10T07:39:24","modified_gmt":"2026-11-10T06:39:24","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-svatku-svateho-martina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=290993","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Martina"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Martina je spojen s mnoha tradicemi a pranostikami. Ta nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee svat\u00fd Martin p\u0159ijede na b\u00edl\u00e9m koni a p\u0159iveze n\u00e1m prvn\u00ed sn\u00edh. V tento den se po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u016fvody, doma se pe\u010de husa svatomartinsk\u00e1 husa k ob\u011bdu a na prvn\u00ed ochutn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e mlad\u00e9 Svatomartinsk\u00e9 v\u00edno.<\/h6>\n

Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Martina byl v\u017edy jedn\u00edm z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f roku. A nen\u00ed se \u010demu divit, nebo\u0165 tento den je u\u017e od st\u0159edov\u011bku spojen s j\u00eddlem, vesel\u00edm a z\u00e1bavou, na kter\u00e9 se u\u017e dlouho p\u0159edt\u00edm t\u011b\u0161il t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd. Co\u017e ostatn\u011b dokazuj\u00ed i slova star\u00e9 selsk\u00e9 pranostiky, zaznamenan\u00e9 na po\u010d\u00e1tku 18. stolet\u00ed: \u201eNa den sv. biskupa Martina mil\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159 a jeho dru\u017eina husy jed\u00ed, v\u00edno k tomu pij\u00edce, \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9ho Martina chv\u00e1l\u00edce; p\u00e1ni, \u017e\u00e1ci a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed se raduj\u00ed, neb se jim koledy p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed. Pacholci a d\u00edvky svobodu m\u00edvaj\u00ed a u jin\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016f se zjedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed.\u201d Z jin\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 moudrosti se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee: \u201eradost Martina je hus a d\u017eb\u00e1n v\u00edna.\u201c V\u00fdsti\u017en\u00e9 je rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed: \u201eo svat\u00e9m Martinu husa nejp\u011bkn\u011bji zp\u00edv\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n

Den svat\u00e9ho Martina b\u00fdval na venkov\u011b dnem, kdy \u010dele\u010f dost\u00e1vala v\u00fdplatu za uplynul\u00fd rok. Chasn\u00edci a d\u011bve\u010dky si bu\u010f hledali novou slu\u017ebu, nebo obnovovali smlouvy s hospod\u00e1\u0159em, u kter\u00e9ho slou\u017eili. V\u017edycky se v\u0161echno pat\u0159i\u010dn\u011b oslavilo a \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdd\u011blku tak z\u016fst\u00e1vala je\u0161t\u011b ten ve\u010der v hospod\u011b. K tomu dni tak\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed mnoho pranostik a zvyk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Posv\u00edcensk\u00fd ob\u011bd na den sv\u00e1tku sv. Martina (11. 11.), b\u00fdval nejbohat\u0161\u00ed v cel\u00e9m roce a lid\u00e9 se na n\u011bj t\u011b\u0161ili cel\u00fd rok. Dlouhou tradici m\u00e1 i martinsk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed. K oslav\u00e1m v\u0161ak byl i zcela prozaick\u00fd d\u016fvod. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku za\u010d\u00ednal adventn\u00ed \u0161estit\u00fddenn\u00ed p\u016fst u\u017e po sv. Martinu a jeho v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm dnem tak vrcholilo hodov\u00e1n\u00ed, poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed masn\u00fdch a tu\u010dn\u00fdch j\u00eddel i tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zvyky p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed dodnes. Na vsi b\u00fdval snad nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zam\u011bstnancem obecn\u00ed past\u00fd\u0159, kter\u00fd se staral o dobytek jednotliv\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Musel se vyznat v po\u010das\u00ed, v chovu i v l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed nemocn\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Ka\u017ed\u00fd sedl\u00e1k musel past\u00fd\u0159i nasypat tolik d\u00edl\u016f obil\u00ed, kolik kus\u016f dobytka mu sv\u011b\u0159il.<\/p>\n

Za to, \u017ee past\u00fd\u0159 dostal po roce slu\u017eby dohodnutou odm\u011bnu, musel past\u00fd\u0159 vystrojit pro v\u0161echny hospod\u00e1\u0159e hostinu s pe\u010denou husou, kol\u00e1\u010di a pivem. Pokud byli sedl\u00e1ci spokojeni nejen s prac\u00ed, ale i s hostinou, uzav\u0159eli s n\u00edm smlouvu i pro p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok. Past\u00fd\u0159 mohl obvykle bydlet zdarma v obecn\u00ed chalup\u011b, kter\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1valo pastou\u0161ka. Dost\u00e1val dohodnutou mzdu v pen\u011bz\u00edch, obil\u00ed, hr\u00e1ch a krmen\u00ed pro vlastn\u00ed kr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n

Na venkov\u011b se na sv. Martina uzav\u00edral hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rok, konala se obecn\u00ed martinsk\u00e1 hromada, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech soused\u016f, kter\u00e9 svol\u00e1val rycht\u00e1\u0159. Na n\u011bm skl\u00e1dal \u00fa\u010dty z obecn\u00edho hospo\u00adda\u0159en\u00ed, \u0159e\u0161ily se pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, n\u00e1jemci platili da\u0148 z pronajat\u00fdch obecn\u00edch pozemk\u016f a byli vypl\u00e1ceni obecn\u00ed slu\u017eebn\u00edci. To se naz\u00fdvalo sejpka, proto\u017ee sed\u00adl\u00e1ci odevzd\u00e1vali, tedy sypali obil\u00ed. M\u011bli na n\u011bj n\u00e1rok past\u00fd\u0159i (slouhov\u00e9) za celoro\u010dn\u00ed pasen\u00ed skotu, ovc\u00ed, vep\u0159\u016f a za chov plemenn\u00e9ho b\u00fdka. Odtud poch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1zev slavnosti bejkova svatba, u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v ji\u017en\u00edch a z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch. Sv\u016fj d\u00edl d\u00e1le dostali hl\u00edda\u010di, kov\u00e1\u0159i nebo hajn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na huse si v\u017edy pochutnala cel\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnost a rozd\u011blen\u00ed jej\u00edho masa m\u011blo p\u0159esn\u00e1 pravidla. \u201eNejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sluha dost\u00e1val k\u0159\u00eddlo, aby pr\u00fd p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci l\u00edtal, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sluha stehno, hospod\u00e1\u0159 s\u00e1m si nech\u00e1val zbytek. K\u016f\u017ee z hus\u00edch nohou se d\u00e1vala do st\u0159ev\u00edc\u016f pod nohy, aby se nepotily nebo mezi prsty, aby nerostla ku\u0159\u00ed oka.”Podle pe\u010den\u00e9 husy p\u0159edpov\u00eddali p\u0159edkov\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed zimu. Mno\u017estv\u00ed a rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed podko\u017en\u00edho tuku na t\u011ble husy ukazovalo, zda bude tu\u017e\u0161\u00ed zima. Ti se dalo odhadovat tak\u00e9 podle stavu jejich kost\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm tmav\u0161\u00ed je hrudn\u00ed kost husy, t\u00edm bl\u00e1tiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budou V\u00e1noce. Naopak \u010d\u00edm sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce sn\u011bhu. Na podzim se zimn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddalo i podle mno\u017estv\u00ed vrstev cibule, jak dlouho se dr\u017e\u00ed list\u00ed na stromech.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> \u010cesk\u00fd rozhlas Plze\u0148 – Elizabeth Hallamov\u00e1: Sv\u011btci. Kdo jsou a jak v\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00ed. Praha 1996; Alena Vondru\u0161kov\u00e1: \u010cesk\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje. Praha 2004; Lidov\u00e1 kultura. N\u00e1rodopisn\u00e1 encyklopedie \u010cech ,Moravy a Slezska. Praha 2007; Eva Ve\u010derkov\u00e1: Oby\u010deje a slavnosti v lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e. Praha 2015<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Sv\u00e1tek <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":390511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/10\/ram-o-svatku-martina.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290993"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=290993"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":390509,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290993\/revisions\/390509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/390511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=290993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=290993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=290993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}