{"id":290895,"date":"2024-11-07T22:19:32","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T21:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=290895"},"modified":"2024-11-07T22:19:32","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T21:19:32","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-martinske-ohne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=290895","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Martinsk\u00e9 ohn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Martina mnoho lid\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako mo\u017enost si u\u017e\u00edt pe\u010denou husu se zel\u00edm a knedl\u00edkem, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ochutnat nov\u00e9 v\u00edno. Kde se ov\u0161em tradice, spojen\u00e9 s listopadov\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem, vzaly, v\u00ed m\u00e1lokdo. Svat\u00fd Martin m\u00e1 dva d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy, a sice p\u0159\u00edchod zimy a konec podzimu. Podzimn\u00ed hodov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 dlouholetou tradici, ke kter\u00e9 postupn\u011b p\u0159ibyly tak\u00e9 zvyky sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 se svat\u00fdm Martinem.<\/h6>\n

Historie svatomartinsk\u00fdch tradic se zapo\u010dala ji\u017e b\u011bhem ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku, kdy uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed svat\u00e9ho Martina z\u00edskalo postupem doby evropsk\u00fd rozm\u011br. Tradi\u010dn\u011b doch\u00e1zelo k oslav\u00e1m \u00farody a zaslou\u017een\u00e9mu odpo\u010dinku od n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Sklize\u0148 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 hodov\u00e1n\u00ed je tak po v\u011bky p\u0159irozenou podzimn\u00ed tradic\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se dodr\u017euje po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tradice, zvyky a ritu\u00e1ly pat\u0159\u00ed k lidstvu od nepam\u011bti. Lid\u00e9 si tak zp\u0159\u00edjem\u0148ovali n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eivobyt\u00ed a pomoc\u00ed za\u017eit\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f d\u00e1vali \u017eivotu \u0159\u00e1d. Mnoh\u00e9 ze symbol\u016f a zvyk\u016f jsou p\u0159itom sp\u00ed\u0161e praktick\u00e9 ne\u017e magick\u00e9. V mnoha zem\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed zcela nevym\u00fdtili tradi\u010dn\u00ed pohansk\u00e9 zvyky a tak se tak\u00e9 b\u011bhem svatomartinsk\u00fdch oslav zapaluj\u00ed martinsk\u00e9 ohn\u011b, kter\u00e9 pr\u00fd dok\u00e1zaly se\u017eehnout z\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a nen\u00e1vist a o\u010distit tak srdce p\u0159ed nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm adventem. Martinsk\u00fd kult p\u0159e\u017e\u00edval p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve venkovsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad u bavorsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f (Altbayern). V p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Martina se zapalovaly svatomartinsk\u00e9 ohn\u011b a kolem chr\u00e1m\u016f zasv\u011bcen\u00fdch sv. Martinovi proch\u00e1zely sv\u011bteln\u00e9 pr\u016fvody. Ohni byla tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipisov\u00e1na o\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edla.<\/p>\n

Tradice martinsk\u00fdch oh\u0148\u016f (Martinsfeuer), kter\u00e9 se zapalovaly v Bavorsku byla udr\u017eov\u00e1na v 19. stolet\u00ed jen v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech. Martinsk\u00e9 ohn\u011b symbolizovaly tak\u00e9 vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 sv\u00edtilny z krmn\u00e9 \u0159epy (Futterr\u00fcbe) a tykv\u00ed, no\u0161en\u00e9 na holi s uvnit\u0159 zap\u00e1lenou sv\u00edc\u00ed (Stockl\u00e4mpchen). V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech obch\u00e1zely d\u011bti s lampiony a sv\u00edtilnami d\u016fm od domu s martinskou koledou (Martinssingen). Pas\u00e1ci v t\u011bchto kraj\u00edch p\u0159edstupovali p\u0159ed sv\u00e9 \u0441hlebod\u00e1rce p\u0159evle\u010deni za sv. Martina a p\u0159ed\u00e1vali mu z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd svatomartinsk\u00fd prut.<\/p>\n

Kde se vzal v na\u0161ich tradic\u00edch obl\u00edben\u00fd svatomartinsk\u00fd lampionov\u00fd pr\u016fvod?Lampi\u00f3nov\u00fd pr\u016fvod m\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sv\u016fj p\u016fvod v germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9m pochodu s lou\u010demi. Tato star\u00e1 tradice byla za komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu stejn\u011b jako \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch zvyk\u016f potla\u010dov\u00e1na \u010di n\u00e1siln\u011b a nevkusn\u011b p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1na v n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Mnoz\u00ed si je\u0161t\u011b vzpomenou nap\u0159\u00edklad na lampi\u00f3nov\u00e9 pr\u016fvody k oslav\u011b Velk\u00e9 \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluce. Na mnoha m\u00edstech je dnes obl\u00edben\u00fd lampionov\u00fd sv\u011bteln\u00fd pr\u016fvod spojen\u00fd s tradic\u00ed oslavy svat\u00e9ho Martina. Ve sv\u011btle ohn\u011b snad d\u011bti objev\u00ed i onen poklad \u2013 rohl\u00ed\u010dky svatomartinsk\u00e9, o kter\u00fd se budou d\u011blit napolovic \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho Martina, kou\u0159\u00ed se n\u00e1m z kom\u00edna\u201c a “Svat\u00fd Martin p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed na b\u00edl\u00e9m koni”, jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 pranostika, proto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b do t\u011bchto dn\u00ed spad\u00e1 za\u010d\u00e1tek zimn\u00edho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed tedy v\u016fbec nesnadn\u00e1 p\u0159edstava, \u017ee si lid\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu spojili obl\u00edben\u00fd sv\u00e1tek tak\u00e9 s obl\u00edben\u00fdm pr\u016fvodem lou\u010d\u00ed, pota\u017emo s pr\u016fvodem lampi\u00f3nov\u00fdm, kter\u00fd rozsv\u011btl\u00ed brzk\u00e9 stm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Svat\u00fd Martin dnes p\u0159ed t\u00edmto \u201ed\u011btsk\u00fdm pr\u016fvodem\u201c \u010dasto vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed na b\u00edl\u00e9m koni v \u010derven\u00e9m kab\u00e1t\u011b. Slavn\u00e1 sc\u00e9na se \u017eebr\u00e1kem je zrekonstruov\u00e1na. Kdy\u017e doraz\u00edme do c\u00edle, sed\u00ed tam \u017eebr\u00e1k a d\u011bti stoj\u00ed v kruhu kolem \u017eebr\u00e1ka. Pozd\u011bji tyto d\u011bti tak\u00e9 chod\u00ed d\u016fm od domu a koleduj\u00ed u m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel o sladkosti, o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky a ovoce.<\/p>\n

Podle profesora \u010ce\u0148ka Z\u00edbrta si v \u010cech\u00e1ch ve 14. stolet\u00ed martinskou koledou p\u0159ilep\u0161ovali nejen chud\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci a kanovn\u00edci, ale tak\u00e9 katov\u00e9 (r. 1390 \u00fa\u010dast zak\u00e1z\u00e1na). Koledovali po domech z\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f a ve sv\u00fdch koled\u00e1ch, z nich\u017e se n\u011bkter\u00e9 z 15. stolet\u00ed zachovaly, se dovol\u00e1vali \u0161t\u011bdrosti sv\u00fdch spoluob\u010dan\u016f podle sv. biskupa Martina, kter\u00fd se s pros\u00edc\u00edm \u017eebr\u00e1kem rozd\u011blil o sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. Postupem doby martinsk\u00e1 koleda v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b vymizela. V men\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech nebo na vesnic\u00edch jsou pr\u016fvody zakon\u010deny fatrou, u kter\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1 mu\u017e p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed ubo\u017e\u00e1ka, a Martin na koni se s n\u00edm pod\u011bl\u00ed o sv\u016fj kab\u00e1tec. D\u011bti n\u00e1sledn\u011b dostanou ovoce, sladkosti a dosp\u011bl\u00ed ochutn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sva\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00edno.<\/p>\n

Sl\u00e1va svat\u00e9ho Martina p\u0159est\u00e1la v\u0161echna stalet\u00ed a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f, a to nejen v pranostik\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 ve svatomartinsk\u00fdch pr\u016fvodech, kter\u00e9 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0159adou \u010desk\u00fdch a moravsk\u00fdch m\u011bst, aby ozn\u00e1mily p\u0159\u00edchod zimy, p\u0159ipomn\u011bly Martinovy dobr\u00e9 skutky a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, aby p\u0159inesly v\u0161em \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm trochu dobr\u00e9 n\u00e1lady v jinak pon\u011bkud po\u0161mourn\u00e9m podzimu s ub\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi slune\u010dn\u00edmi paprsky.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Pernoudov\u00e1, Martin z Tours Schauber, Vera; Schindler, Hans Michael. Rok se svat\u00fdmi. 3. vyd. Kosteln\u00ed Vyd\u0159\u00ed: Karmelit\u00e1nsk\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00ed, 2002 Vondru\u0161ka, Vlastimil. C\u00edrkevn\u00ed rok a lidov\u00e9 oby\u010deje aneb kalend\u00e1rium sv\u011btc\u016f a sv\u011btic, mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f a mu\u010dednic, pojedn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed o v\u00ed\u0159e \u010desk\u00e9ho lidu k nim, jako\u017e i o liturgii katolick\u00e9. \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice: Dona, 1991<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Sv\u00e1tek <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":327937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/07\/ram-ohne.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290895"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=290895"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":327936,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290895\/revisions\/327936"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/327937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=290895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=290895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=290895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}