{"id":288942,"date":"2025-10-15T10:18:27","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T09:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=288942"},"modified":"2025-10-15T14:04:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T13:04:34","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-priprave-na-posviceni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=288942","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b na posv\u00edcen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Z nejrozli\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch dn\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou \u0160umav\u011b pr\u016fb\u011bhem roku slaveny, dosahuje bezesporu obzvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho lesku slavnost posv\u00edcen\u00ed. \u201cTo je zlat\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed, to je zlat\u00e1 ned\u011ble. M\u00e1me maso a zas maso, k tomu kousek pe\u010den\u011b.\u201d<\/em> Tak je to v \u0159\u00edkance, kterou zn\u00e1me z d\u011btstv\u00ed.
\n\u201eP\u0159ij\u010f ty, kmot\u0159e, i s kmot\u0159i\u010dkou,<\/em>
\nv ned\u011bli r\u00e1no,<\/em>
\nj\u00e1 v\u00e1s zvu na posv\u00edcen\u00ed,<\/em>
\nbude v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00e1no…\u201c<\/em><\/h6>\n

V dob\u011b, kdy se poln\u00ed \u00faroda p\u0159est\u011bhovala do stodol, stoh\u016f, sklep\u016f, komor a s\u00fdpek \u2013 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b hojnosti z nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob, slavilo se posv\u00edcen\u00ed, skute\u010dn\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky selsk\u00e9ho lidu. P\u0159ipome\u0148me si star\u00e9 zvyky a tradice. Co modern\u00edmu \u010dlov\u011bku unik\u00e1, je fakt, \u017ee lid\u00e9 slavili a hodovali n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, ale pak n\u00e1sledoval dlouh\u00fd p\u016fst. Bylo pot\u0159eba se sklizen\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami vydr\u017eet do dal\u0161\u00edho roku, do dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farody. Byla \u017eivotn\u00ed nutnost se uskrovnit, p\u0159irozen\u011b p\u0159i\u0161el prost\u00fd j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek, v listopadu pak adventn\u00ed p\u016fst. Na V\u00e1noce se op\u011bt kr\u00e1tce slavilo ale a\u017e do \u00fanorov\u00e9ho Masopustu byl j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek op\u011bt velmi prost\u00fd. B\u011bhem Masopustu se oslavil p\u0159\u00edchod jara a do Velikonoc se lid\u00e9 zase postili.<\/p>\n

Posv\u00edcensk\u00e9 hostiny d\u0159\u00edve platily za jedine\u010dnou spole\u010denskou ud\u00e1lost, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se sch\u00e1zelo cel\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzenstvo. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1valo se, \u017ee \u201epen\u011bz na posv\u00edcen\u00ed je v\u017edy dost, i kdyby po n\u011bm na s\u016fl nebylo\u201c.<\/p>\n

To nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v nape\u010den\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010d\u016f a p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b posv\u00edcensk\u00e9 husy. Pravda, je t\u0159eba uklidit, ale v\u00edce ne\u017e domovy sv\u00e9 srdce a taky uklidit a vyzdobit kostel. Ov\u0161em nad c\u00edrkevn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed posv\u00edcen\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1dala ta sv\u011btsk\u00e1 rozlo\u017een\u00e1 do n\u011bkolika po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch dn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ten, kdo um\u00ed ur\u010dit podle pouh\u00e9ho pachu v\u0161ecky ty druhy lib\u00fdch krm\u00ed, nepot\u0159ebuje indiskr\u00e9tn\u011b snad nahl\u00ed\u017eet do kuchyn\u011b, pon\u011bvad\u017e je hned p\u0159i samotn\u00e9m vstupu do staven\u00ed om\u00e1men vz\u00e1cnou v\u016fn\u00ed \u010derstv\u011b nape\u010den\u00e9 hromady posv\u00edcensk\u00fdch koblih \u010di zlatav\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00edho posv\u00edcensk\u00e9ho pletence. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00f3bl selka m\u016f\u017ee nakonec pokusit \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed i na b\u00e1bovce \u010di d\u00e1t \u017eivot \u0159ad\u011b jin\u00fdch sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch pamlsk\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpravy na posv\u00edcen\u00ed se nemohly podcenit. N\u011bkolik dn\u016f p\u0159ed posv\u00edcen\u00edm se ukl\u00edzelo, peklo, va\u0159ilo a sma\u017eilo, aby bylo p\u0159ipraveno dost dobr\u00e9ho j\u00eddla a zbylo i na v\u00fdslu\u017eku host\u016fm. V\u011bt\u0161inou d\u011bti chodily k p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm s pozv\u00e1n\u00edm na posv\u00edcen\u00ed. Rozn\u00e1\u0161ely p\u0159itom speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010de \u201ezv\u00e1\u010de\u201c. Zv\u00e1\u010de jsou speci\u00e1ln\u00ed typ posv\u00edceneck\u00fdch kol\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se rozn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ve st\u0159edu p\u0159ed dnem samotn\u00e9ho posv\u00edcen\u00ed jako pozv\u00e1nka pro sousedy \u010di rodiny na posv\u00edcen\u00ed. \u010casto p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli i zdaleka p\u011b\u0161ky; je z\u0159\u00eddka b\u00fdvali takov\u00e9 pozv\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u00edtnuto. Mnohdy to byla vlastn\u011b jedin\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro roztrou\u0161en\u011b bydl\u00edc\u00ed “p\u0159\u00edze\u0148”, sej\u00edt se u otce a matky, bratra \u010di sestry a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b si spolu popov\u00eddat p\u0159i dobr\u00e9m j\u00eddle a nem\u00e1lo p\u016fllitrech piva. K ve\u010deru se host\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vali nazp\u00e1tek na cestu dom\u016f. Ne\u017e se n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva rozlou\u010dila, sv\u00e1zala jim je\u0161t\u011b hospodyn\u011b na cestu “v\u00fdslu\u017eku”, uzl\u00ed\u010dek se sladk\u00fdm pe\u010divem a kusem uzen\u00e9ho i pro ty, kdo nemohli p\u0159ijet.<\/p>\n

Posv\u00edcen\u00ed bylo i p\u0159ehl\u00eddkou velice pracn\u011b zhotoven\u00fdch a ozdoben\u00fdch kol\u00e1\u010d\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd kraj m\u011bl sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed recepty na p\u0159\u00edpravu a r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby zdoben\u00ed, jimi\u017e se odli\u0161oval od ostatn\u00edch. Byly jak kulat\u00e9 tak i \u010dtvercov\u00e9 nebo obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9 od nejmen\u0161\u00edch tzv. svatebn\u00edch po nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tzv. n\u011bmeck\u00e9. Na Plze\u0148sku se pekl tzv. \u201eskl\u00e1danec”, co\u017e bylo kol\u00e1\u010dov\u00e9 t\u011bsto rozprost\u0159en\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m plechu, na kter\u00e9 se nanesla makov\u00e1 n\u00e1divka, pot\u00e9 se na n\u00ed dala dal\u0161\u00ed vrstva t\u011bsta, navrch namazal tvaroh. Na z\u00e1v\u011br se cel\u00e9 d\u00edlo ozdobilo rozinkami a mandlemi. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpravy na posv\u00edcen\u00ed trvaly mnohdy a\u017e t\u00fdden. V bohat\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cnostech m\u00edvala posv\u00edcensk\u00e1 hostina dokonce a\u017e \u0161est chod\u016f a bohat\u00fd ob\u011bd si v\u0161ak dop\u0159\u00e1vali i v chud\u00fdch chalup\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Dny p\u0159ed posv\u00edcen\u00edm, tedy v p\u00e1tek se zab\u00edjela ku\u0159ata, kachny a husy, aby bylo dostatek masa. Na selsk\u00fdch usedlostech, kde se o\u010dek\u00e1valo mnoho host\u00ed, se zab\u00edjelo i men\u0161\u00ed prase. Vep\u0159ov\u00e9 se peklo i va\u0159ilo a pod\u00e1valo se k zel\u00ed, ale i s om\u00e1\u010dkami k\u0159enovou a \u201e\u010dernou\u201c ze su\u0161en\u00fdch \u0161vestek \u010di s nakl\u00e1dan\u00fdm ovocem. P\u0159ipravovaly se rovn\u011b\u017e obvykl\u00e9 zab\u00edja\u010dkov\u00e9 pochoutky, k nim\u017e v\u017edy pat\u0159ily vo\u0148av\u00e9 jitrni\u010dky a jel\u00edtka. Kdy\u017e se
\nprasata p\u0159est\u00e1vala kolem roku 1890 na\u010das chovat, p\u0159ipravovalo se maso ov\u010d\u00ed (na\u010desnekovalo se, aby ztratilo sv\u016fj specifick\u00fd z\u00e1pach a pot\u00e9 se peklo v peci. Zat\u00edmco dcery a d\u011bve\u010dky opra\u0161ovaly nebo om\u00fdvaly ka\u017edi\u010dk\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt v dom\u011b, zab\u00fdvala se u\u017e matka p\u0159\u00edpravou sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch krm\u00ed. Va\u0159ila, pekla a sma\u017eila od \u010dasn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na do pozdn\u00edho ve\u010dera. Na posv\u00edcen\u00ed – ne, to se nedalo vystavit snad pomluv\u00e1m, \u017ee j\u00eddlo nen\u00ed dost dobr\u00e9 \u010di dokonce, \u017ee ho bylo m\u00e1lo. Vydrhnout chodbu a uklidit dv\u016fr, to byla mu\u017esk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce. D\u011bla se v sobotu odpoledne. Te\u010f u\u017e panovala sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lada.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch, tak jako dnes, m\u011bla posv\u00edcen\u00ed v re\u017ei\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed chasa Irken nebo Irkenburschen, v \u010dele se st\u00e1rky Altdrin. Samotn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy na posv\u00edcen\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaly ji\u017e v t\u00fddnu a zahrnovaly nap\u0159\u00edklad zvan\u00ed host\u016f ze sousedn\u00edch vesnic, kter\u00e9 bylo v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00e9 hlasit\u00fdm zp\u011bvem. Neodmyslitelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jako dnes bylo p\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed
\nvyzvednut\u00ed stromu na postaven\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e1jky Tonzbam, na kter\u00e9m nesm\u011bly chyb\u011bt barevn\u00e9 stuhy, f\u00e1borky, chvojov\u00e1 v\u00fdzdoba. Posv\u00edcen\u00ed bylo v n\u011bkter\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch z\u00e1rove\u0148 term\u00ednem k vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed plateb, kter\u00e9 se obvykle odb\u00fdvaly v natur\u00e1li\u00edch. O hodech b\u00fdval vypl\u00e1cen obecn\u00ed past\u00fd\u0159, ponocn\u00fd, kosteln\u00edk i hroba\u0159, pro v\u00fdslu\u017eku p\u0159ich\u00e1zel u\u010ditel, n\u011bkdy dokonce v doprovodu sv\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ednesli posv\u00edcenskou p\u00edse\u0148 \u010di ver\u0161ovan\u00fd vin\u0161. V\u00fdslu\u017eku od hospod\u00e1\u0159e dost\u00e1vala tak\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u010dele\u010f a jej\u00ed rodina, ke dve\u0159\u00edm statk\u016f si pro ni p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli \u017eebr\u00e1ci a potuln\u00ed muzikanti. Far\u00e1\u0159i dost\u00e1vali od obce natur\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed \u201eposv\u00edcenskou poctu\u201c na vypraven\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed hostiny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ko\u0159eny posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00e9ho zvyku sahaj\u00ed a\u017e hluboko do st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Z\u00edbrt, \u010cen\u011bk: Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho. Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, 1950. Ve\u010derkov\u00e1, Eva: N\u011bkolik pozn\u00e1mek k ob\u0159adn\u00edm strom\u016fm. In. Tarcalov\u00e1, Ludmila Z\u00edbrt, \u010cen\u011bk: Na tom na\u0161em dvo\u0159e…, F. \u0160im\u00e1\u010dek, Praha 1911<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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