{"id":284080,"date":"2023-08-10T13:25:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T12:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=284080"},"modified":"2023-08-10T13:25:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T12:25:52","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-globalni-zmena-klimatu-ohrozuje-lesy-a-jejich-mikrobiom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=284080","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bna klimatu ohro\u017euje lesy a jejich mikrobiom"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 lesn\u00ed porosty, kde se t\u011b\u017e\u00ed postupn\u011b a nikoli holose\u010d\u00ed, maj\u00ed v\u00fdbornou regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnost (Ko\u010devje, Slovinsko).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k boji s d\u016fsledky glob\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku, kter\u00fd p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed z atmosf\u00e9ry do lesn\u00ed p\u016fdy. V tomto procesu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 role p\u016fdn\u00edch mikroorganism\u016f \u2013 bakteri\u00ed a hub. Jak nyn\u00ed popisuj\u00ed v\u011bdci z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR v \u010dl\u00e1nku publikovan\u00e9m v \u010dasopise Nature Reviews Microbiology, lesy a jejich mikrobiom jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi zm\u011bnami klimatu ohro\u017eov\u00e1ny.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 % zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu (cca 42 milion\u016f km2) a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed 45 % uhl\u00edku, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v suchozemsk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mech. P\u016fsob\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako v\u00fdznamn\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00edk uhl\u00edku, kter\u00fd zachyt\u00ed 7,6 gigatuny oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Sucho, vysok\u00e9 teploty a jejich d\u016fsledky, ke kter\u00fdm pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f nebo po\u017e\u00e1ry, neovliv\u0148uj\u00ed pouze lesn\u00ed stromy, ale i mikroorganismy v lesn\u00edch p\u016fd\u00e1ch. Nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinou jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b symbiotick\u00e9 mykorrhizn\u00ed houby, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed lesn\u00edm strom\u016fm z\u00edsk\u00e1vat \u017eiviny a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku v p\u016fd\u011b. Proto\u017ee houby z\u00e1visej\u00ed na lesn\u00edch d\u0159evin\u00e1ch, p\u016fsob\u00ed na n\u011b negativn\u011b jak rostouc\u00ed teplota, kterou \u0161patn\u011b sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, tak sucho, kter\u00e9 oslabuje jejich stromov\u00e9 hostitele. Zejm\u00e9na v p\u016fd\u00e1ch s omezenou dostupnost\u00ed \u017eivin ohroz\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed diverzity nebo po\u010detnosti mykorrhizn\u00edch hub v\u00fdvoj lesn\u00edch porost\u016f.<\/p>\n

Chytr\u00fdm lesnictv\u00edm proti n\u00e1sledk\u016fm klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn<\/h6>\n

K omezen\u00ed negativn\u00edch vliv\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn je t\u0159eba nal\u00e9zt strategie tzv. chytr\u00e9ho lesnictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zachovaj\u00ed diverzitu a funkci spole\u010denstva p\u016fdn\u00edch organism\u016f. \u201eHouby a bakterie \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v p\u016fd\u011b jsou pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jako stromy a dal\u0161\u00ed nadzemn\u00ed organismy a p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed managementu les\u016f je nutno br\u00e1t z\u0159etel i na jejich pot\u0159eby,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed Petr Baldrian z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR, jeden z autor\u016f studie.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci navrhuj\u00ed, je p\u0159echod od skl\u00edzen\u00ed cel\u00fdch porost\u016f holose\u010d\u00ed (by\u0165 prostorov\u011b omezen\u00fdch) k pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b. Ta toti\u017e l\u00e9pe vyhovuje p\u016fdn\u00edm mikroorganism\u016fm \u2013 v porostu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u017edy ur\u010dit\u00fd pod\u00edl dosp\u011bl\u00fdch strom\u016f a pod nimi se vyv\u00edj\u00ed nov\u00e1 generace porostu. \u201eVelk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed diverzity m\u00e1 ponech\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva po t\u011b\u017eb\u011b v lese,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Petr Baldrian.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/h6>\n

Lesn\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 l\u00e9pe zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 funkci ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, je n\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vhodn\u00fd zp\u016fsob hospoda\u0159en\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 volit s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k m\u00edstn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Nov\u00e9 strategie jsou proto dosud p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdzkumu. \u201eTo je v\u00fdzva pro lesn\u00edky i pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed o les\u00edch rozhoduj\u00ed. Pokud ale nic nezm\u011bn\u00ed, zvy\u0161uje se riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed porost\u016f v d\u016fsledku extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, nap\u0159\u00edklad horka, sucha nebo p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f,\u201c<\/em> vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 Petr Baldrian. I za b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednek lesy, v nich\u017e se hospoda\u0159\u00ed \u201echyt\u0159e\u201c, ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00edce uhl\u00edku, co\u017e je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Odkaz na publikaci: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-023-00876-4<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"
Lesy rostouc\u00ed na ba\u017einat\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch jsou \u010dast\u00fdm zdrojem emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f \u2013 methanu a oxid\u016f dus\u00edku. Jejich monitoring nad porostem je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd k tomu, abychom pochopili, co d\u011blaj\u00ed mikroorganismy pod povrchem (m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed v\u011b\u017e, R\u00e4nsk\u00e4l\u00e4nkorpi, Finsko).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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  Lesn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":284082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/01\/les-avcr-001.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284080"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=284080"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":284575,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284080\/revisions\/284575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/284082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=284080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=284080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=284080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}