{"id":283748,"date":"2023-07-31T20:02:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T19:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=283748"},"modified":"2023-07-31T20:08:25","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T19:08:25","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-historii-holokaustu-pomahaji-odhalovat-i-statisticke-metody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=283748","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Historii holokaustu odhaluj\u00ed za pomoci statistick\u00fdch metod"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Osv\u011btim \/ Foto: archiv (red) – Za kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Vimperk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Vzpom\u00ednky lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pro\u0161li koncentra\u010dn\u00edmi t\u00e1bory, \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed byla d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 podpora se spoluv\u011bzni. Te\u010f jejich sv\u011bdectv\u00ed potvrzuj\u00ed kvantitativn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed data i o t\u011bch v\u011bzn\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed holokaust nep\u0159e\u017eili. V\u011bdci z CERGE-EI s pomoc\u00ed statistick\u00fdch model\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b dat Institutu Terez\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativy tak podep\u0159eli b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed historik\u016f \u010d\u00edsly. Zam\u011b\u0159ili se na terez\u00ednsk\u00e9 ghetto a koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor v Osv\u011btimi-B\u0159ezince. Jejich studii zve\u0159ejnilo nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu PNAS.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Pro \u00fa\u010dely studie v\u011bdci zkoumali osudy 30 tis\u00edc \u017did\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli z terez\u00ednsk\u00e9ho ghetta deportov\u00e1ni do koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora v Osv\u011btimi-B\u0159ezince. Jen 6 procent se jich do\u017eilo konce holokaustu.<\/p>\n

\u201eSestavili jsme \u0159adu indik\u00e1tor\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb dostupn\u00fdch pro jednotliv\u00e9 v\u011bzn\u011b v transportech z Terez\u00edna do Osv\u011btimi \u2013 dostupnost potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00e1tel v moment\u011b jejich p\u0159\u00edjezdu do Osv\u011btimi,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje vstupn\u00ed data \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Jurajda z N\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u011bdci hledali odpov\u011b\u010f na to, jestli a jak zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 dostupnost soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb ovliv\u0148ovala p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed holokaustu \u2013 prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee b\u00fdt izolov\u00e1n v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed map\u011b t\u00e1bora kauz\u00e1ln\u011b vedlo k hor\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eM\u011bli jsme jedine\u010dnou mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt na\u0161i statistickou expertizu v oblasti, ve kter\u00e9 se tyto n\u00e1stroje m\u00e1lokdy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee ekonometrick\u00e9 modely mohou doplnit a podpo\u0159it v\u00fdzkum historik\u016f a \u017ee mezioborov\u00fd pohled na historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti nen\u00ed jen dom\u00e9nou archeologie \u010di biologie,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Jurajda.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u00e1 data<\/h6>\n

Auto\u0159i studie vyu\u017e\u00edvali datab\u00e1zi Institutu Terez\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativy, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 z\u00e1znamy o 139 769 v\u011bzn\u00edch, je\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li do Terez\u00edna, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e u 99,8 % z nich je uvedena i informace, zda holokaust p\u0159e\u017eili. D\u00e1le m\u011bli badatel\u00e9 k dispozici data v\u0161ech transport\u016f z Terez\u00edna (88 059 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f), z nich\u017e se konce v\u00e1lky do\u017eilo jen 5,6 %.<\/p>\n

\u201eTerez\u00ednsk\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze uv\u00e1d\u00ed ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu v\u011bzni jm\u00e9no, pohlav\u00ed, v\u011bk, datum p\u0159\u00edjezdu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b deportace, v\u010detn\u011b transportn\u00edho \u010d\u00edsla i n\u00e1rodnosti plus akademick\u00e9 tituly a pozn\u00e1mku k p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9mu prominentn\u00edmu postaven\u00ed mezi v\u011bzni ghetta,\u201c<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Jurajda.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee dosavadn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy se vesm\u011bs op\u00edraj\u00ed o sv\u011bdectv\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch, kter\u00e1 jsou ze sv\u00e9 podstaty selektivn\u00ed, pot\u0159ebovali v\u011bdci op\u0159\u00edt svou anal\u00fdzu i o data o t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zahynuli p\u0159ed koncem v\u00e1lky. Takov\u00e9 z\u00edskali pr\u00e1v\u011b z datab\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

\u201ePokud \u010dlov\u011bk dorazil do Osv\u011btimi ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupin\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch, jeho \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch byly lep\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupina, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhoda \u2013 znamenala toti\u017e vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci, \u017ee lid\u00e9 z\u016fstanou pohromad\u011b a vytvo\u0159\u00ed malou komunitu dvou t\u0159\u00ed v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kde si vz\u00e1jemn\u011b budou pom\u00e1hat,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Jurajda.<\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1m\u00ed z pracovn\u00edho t\u00e1bora i ze stejn\u00e9 ulice<\/h6>\n

Anal\u00fdza nap\u0159\u00edklad uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed m\u011bli mu\u017ei z pracovn\u00ed skupiny t\u00e1bora L\u00edpa, pokud jeli z Terez\u00edna do Osv\u011btimi ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupin\u011b, podobn\u011b jako \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed deportac\u00ed bydlely ve stejn\u00e9 ulici, pokud jich ze stejn\u00e9 adresy jelo v transportu do Osv\u011btimi v\u00edcero. A tak\u00e9, \u017ee jistou v\u00fdhodu v p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed m\u011bly l\u00e9ka\u0159ky a l\u00e9ka\u0159i.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e studie nab\u00edz\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kvalitativn\u00ed literatury o holokaustu a ukazuje, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby, kter\u00e9 vznikly p\u0159ed deportac\u00ed v norm\u00e1ln\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jsou p\u0159enositeln\u00e9 do extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednek koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f. N\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum posiluje z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee si lid\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed, i kdy\u017e \u010del\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u0161anc\u00edm na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Tom\u00e1\u0161 Jel\u00ednek, spoluautor studie z Moravsk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly Olomouc.<\/p>\n

Smrt v terez\u00ednsk\u00e9m ghettu<\/h6>\n

\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Jurajda a Tom\u00e1\u0161 Jel\u00ednek se u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve v\u011bnovali anal\u00fdz\u00e1m \u0161anc\u00ed na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v terez\u00ednsk\u00e9m ghettu, kde nej\u010dast\u011bji um\u00edrali lid\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed 60 let. I jim soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby v\u00fdrazn\u011b napom\u00e1haly k p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201ePokud m\u011bl star\u0161\u00ed v\u011bze\u0148 v Terez\u00edn\u011b \u010dlena rodiny mezi 15\u201350 lety, riziko smrti v kritickou dobu \u2013 v obdob\u00ed, kdy bylo ghetto p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 \u2013 se sn\u00ed\u017eilo o jeden procentn\u00ed bod. Ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika pom\u00e1halo ale i to, \u017ee spole\u010dn\u011b se star\u0161\u00edm v\u011bzn\u011bm byli v ghettu lid\u00e9 ze stejn\u00e9 ulice v Praze. Podobn\u011b to bylo se spole\u010densk\u00fdm postaven\u00edm,\u201c<\/em> popisuje \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Jurajda.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Vzpom\u00ednky <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":214264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/27\/osv\u011btim.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283748"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=283748"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":284041,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283748\/revisions\/284041"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/214264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=283748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=283748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=283748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}