{"id":283198,"date":"2023-07-18T15:38:14","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T14:38:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=283198"},"modified":"2023-07-18T20:23:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T19:23:29","slug":"stara-sumava-houby-a-houbari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=283198","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Houby a houba\u0159i"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tropick\u00e9 l\u00e9to v\u017edy vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 vr\u00e1sky na \u010delech v\u0161ech milovn\u00edk\u016f hub a houba\u0159en\u00ed. A \u017ee je jich mezi n\u00e1mi po\u017eehnan\u011b! Lo\u0148sk\u00e9 podzimn\u00ed z\u00e1soby u\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou do\u0161ly, p\u00e1r \u0161\u0165astlivc\u016f u\u017e si letos zamlsalo, ale zat\u00edm to na prav\u00e9 houba\u0159sk\u00e9 \u201e\u017en\u011b\u201c p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nevypad\u00e1. V\u017edycky ale v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee v\u0161e je\u0161t\u011b dohon\u00edme! V\u017edy\u0165 p\u0159\u00edjemnou proch\u00e1zku von\u00edc\u00edm lesem z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00edm barvami je\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b umocn\u00ed n\u00e1lez n\u011bjak\u00e9 t\u00e9 houbi\u010dky. U\u017e od nepam\u011bti\u2026<\/h6>\n

Lid\u00e9 sb\u00edrali houby \u00fadajn\u011b ji\u017e v obdob\u00ed prav\u011bku. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b nen\u00ed ani vylou\u010den sb\u011br jedovat\u00fdch \u010di halucinogenn\u00edch hub, kter\u00e9 mohly slou\u017eit p\u0159i nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ob\u0159adech a ritu\u00e1lech. L\u00e1tky z jedovat\u00fdch hub pr\u00fd lid\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159i v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed nebo p\u0159i lovu. Prokazateln\u011b lze v\u0161ak dolo\u017eit konzumaci hub a\u017e od obdob\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed, tedy kolem p\u0159elomu letopo\u010dt\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u016fbec prvn\u00ed kniha, kde bychom na\u0161li recepty s pou\u017eit\u00edm hub, je ta z pera Marka Gavia Apicia. V na\u0161em prost\u0159ed\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00ed prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 zm\u00ednky o houb\u00e1ch z 15. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy nehouba\u0159ilo zdaleka tolik lid\u00ed jako dnes. Sb\u011bra\u010di hub je v\u0161ak prod\u00e1vali na trz\u00edch, a vyd\u011blali si tak nemal\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed obnos. Ob\u010das se ale takto prod\u00e1valy i houby jedovat\u00e9, co\u017e je rovn\u011b\u017e dolo\u017eeno v dobov\u00fdch p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramenech.<\/p>\n

V 16. stolet\u00ed se v kucha\u0159sk\u00fdch knih\u00e1ch objevovaly pospolu dv\u011b ingredience, a to houby a \u010desnek. Proslul\u00fd italsk\u00fd renesan\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 a botanik jm\u00e9nem Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli ve sv\u00e9m Herb\u00e1\u0159i napsal, \u017ee \u010desnek by se m\u011bl s houbami kombinovat, proto\u017ee p\u016fsob\u00ed jako prevence otravy. Pokud u\u017e k otrav\u011b houbami do\u0161lo, doporu\u010doval Mattioli pit\u00ed odvaru z pely\u0148ku sm\u00edchan\u00e9ho s octem.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e ve 14. stolet\u00ed na\u0161i p\u0159edci podle dochovan\u00fdch p\u00edsemnost\u00ed v kuchyni vyu\u017e\u00edvali h\u0159iby, holubky, muchom\u016frky, pe\u010d\u00e1rky, li\u0161ky, \u0161pi\u010dky, ryzce, hadovky, koz\u00e1ky, hl\u00edvy, k\u0159emen\u00e1\u010de, podb\u0159ezky, kolod\u011bje, smr\u017ee, lan\u00fd\u017ee, kuratn\u00edky nebo syrovinky. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy ji\u017e dnes nejsme schopni p\u0159esn\u011b identifikovat.<\/p>\n

Jan Kopp z Raumentalu v 16. stolet\u00ed psal o houb\u00e1ch to, \u017ee se sice konzumuj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m, ov\u0161em zdrav\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161kod\u00ed. O n\u011bco pozd\u011bji vy\u0161el regiment zdrav\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00edho rektora pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzity Adama Huberta z Riesenpachu, kde byly houby op\u011bt za\u0159azeny mezi ne zrovna zdrav\u00e9 potraviny. Autor spisu je doporu\u010doval kombinovat s hru\u0161kami, k\u0159enem nebo nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ko\u0159en\u00edm, aby zdrav\u00ed tolik ne\u0161kodily.<\/p>\n

Ze 17. stolet\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00ed recepty na smr\u017ee na m\u00e1sle s vaj\u00ed\u010dky, petr\u017eelkou a smetanou. Dal\u0161\u00edm obl\u00edben\u00fdm pokrmem byly jak\u00e9si \u0161i\u0161ky z pokr\u00e1jen\u00fdch hub, kter\u00e9 se sma\u017eily na m\u00e1sle a pod\u00e1valy se smetanovou om\u00e1\u010dkou. Houby se tak\u00e9 \u010dasto objevovaly na postn\u00edm j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f. V dob\u011b p\u016fstu v\u0161ak k houb\u00e1m nebyla p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1na vaj\u00ed\u010dka, m\u00e1slo a smetana. M\u00edsto t\u011bchto ingredienc\u00ed pak lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali rostlinn\u00fd olej, cibulku a k dochucen\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ko\u0159en\u00ed. S houbami se \u010dasto kombinoval pep\u0159, km\u00edn, \u0161afr\u00e1n, jalovec nebo \u0161alv\u011bj.<\/p>\n

Houby byly pozd\u011bji p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny zejm\u00e9na v lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed se p\u0159ipravovala bramborov\u00e1 pol\u00e9vka s houbami, j\u00e1hlov\u00e1 pol\u00e9vka s houbami, houbov\u00e1 om\u00e1\u010dka na mnoho zp\u016fsob\u016f, houbov\u00fd kuba (typick\u00fd v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed pokrm), nebo sma\u017eenice.<\/p>\n

\u201eSb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hub,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0napsala Marie \u00dalehlov\u00e1-Tilschov\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 knize \u010cesk\u00e1 strava lidov\u00e1,\u00a0\u201ejest v\u0161ak jist\u011b daleko star\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e kam sahaj\u00ed pam\u00e1tky historick\u00e9\u2026V\u017edy\u0165 houby, stejn\u011b jako dnes, l\u00e1kaly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ji\u017e na \u00fasvitu vzd\u011blanosti \u010dlov\u011bka, aby je sb\u00edral, v\u00e1bily jej ji\u017e v pralese podobn\u011b jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 plody, barvou, tvary i v\u00fdraznou v\u016fn\u00ed nebo chut\u00ed. L\u00e1kaly jej stejn\u011b nebo je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky a \u0161krobovit\u00e9 ko\u0159eny, je\u017e tak\u00e9 vyhrab\u00e1val zahnutou hol\u00ed. Prastar\u00fdm oby\u010dejem jest jist\u011b ro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hub nad otev\u0159en\u00fdm oknem pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem\u2026Houby se u n\u00e1s oded\u00e1vna tak\u00e9 su\u0161\u00ed \u2013 su\u0161en\u00e9 houby jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 mezi d\u00e1vkami, kter\u00e9 museli poddan\u00ed odv\u00e1d\u011bt vrchnosti v 18. stolet\u00ed (Vilikovsk\u00fd).\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed se houba\u0159sk\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed rozr\u016fstalo hlavn\u011b d\u00edky mnoha venkovsk\u00fdm u\u010ditel\u016fm, amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdm mykolog\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00fdtili st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 houba\u0159sk\u00e9 pov\u011bry. Od t\u00e9 doby se \u010desk\u00e9 lesy ka\u017edou sezonu pln\u00ed tis\u00edci houba\u0159\u016f a lv\u00ed pod\u00edl na tom maj\u00ed Franti\u0161ek a Miroslav Smotlachovi, kte\u0159\u00ed houby a houba\u0159en\u00ed zpopularizovali v celon\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148.<\/p>\n

Staro\u010desk\u00e1 pov\u011bst vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee v minulosti byly lesy pln\u00e9 stra\u0161idel, ale rostlo v nich jen m\u00e1lo hub. Jak postupn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdvalo lid\u00ed, rozhodl se lesn\u00ed duch svou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i zru\u0161it a v\u0161echna stra\u0161idla podle p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed prom\u011bnil na zv\u00ed\u0159e nebo rostlinu. Jednoho dne za n\u00edm p\u0159i\u0161ly tak\u00e9 t\u0159i v\u00edly. Vzhledem si byly na prvn\u00ed pohled dosti podobn\u00e9, ale ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u011bla jinou povahu \u2013 jedna byla dobr\u00e1, druh\u00e1 zl\u00e1 a t\u0159et\u00ed fintiv\u00e1. Podle jejich p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed je lesn\u00ed duch prom\u011bnil v houby \u2013 muchom\u016frku r\u016f\u017eovku, muchom\u016frku zelenou a muchom\u016frku \u010dervenou.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160umav\u011b existuje zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 legenda o sk\u0159\u00edtc\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v lese a m\u016f\u017eeme je \u00fadajn\u011b spat\u0159it pouze v noci. Sk\u0159\u00edtek v t\u011bchto krajin\u00e1ch je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za no\u010dn\u00edho tvora, kter\u00fd se p\u0159es den schov\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ed sluncem. Kdy\u017e r\u00e1no vyjdou prvn\u00ed paprsky slunce, tak sk\u0159\u00edtek zaleze pod zem a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 po n\u011bm pouze jeho de\u0161tn\u00edk, kter\u00fd ho ochra\u0148uje p\u0159i jeho toulk\u00e1ch p\u0159ed de\u0161t\u011bm a p\u0159ed rosou. Sk\u0159\u00edtky se pr\u00fd jen m\u00e1lokdy po\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed spat\u0159it lidsk\u00e9mu oku. Ale jejich de\u0161tn\u00edky lze spat\u0159it i p\u0159es den \u2013 jsou to houby.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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