{"id":280437,"date":"2023-06-06T10:16:58","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T09:16:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=280437"},"modified":"2023-06-06T21:21:43","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T20:21:43","slug":"sumava-sest-let-pritomnosti-vlcich-smecek-ukazuje-jak-starnuti-dopada-i-na-vlky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=280437","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVA – MONITORING: \u0160est let p\u0159\u00edtomnosti vl\u010d\u00edch sme\u010dek n\u00e1m ukazuje, jak st\u00e1rnut\u00ed dopad\u00e1 i na vlky"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V roce 2017 bylo na \u0160umav\u011b potvrzeno prvn\u00ed novodob\u00e9 rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vlk\u016f. Prvn\u00ed vl\u010d\u00ed teritorium vzniklo v oblasti centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0160umavy \u2013 tzv. Srnsk\u00e1 sme\u010dka. Po \u0161esti letech sledujeme, jak st\u00e1rnut\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch jedinc\u016f tuto vl\u010d\u00ed rodinu z\u00e1sadn\u011b prom\u011b\u0148uje.<\/h6>\n

\"\"\u201eU Srnsk\u00e9 sme\u010dky nyn\u00ed nem\u016f\u017eeme potvrdit rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Podobn\u011b tomu bylo v roce 2018. Nen\u00ed to asi \u00fapln\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, proto\u017ee z v\u00fdzkumu koleg\u016f v okoln\u00edch st\u00e1tech se ukazuje, \u017ee rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat pouze u zhruba dvou t\u0159etin sme\u010dek. V r\u00e1mci soustavn\u00e9ho monitoringu vlk\u016f ve vl\u010d\u00edm roce 2022\/2023 m\u016f\u017eeme hovo\u0159it o t\u0159ech a\u017e p\u011bti dosp\u011bl\u00fdch jedinc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 zachytily na\u0161e fotopasti a je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 pouze o zbyl\u00e9 vlky z t\u00e9to cel\u00e9 sme\u010dky,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje vedouc\u00ed zoologick\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Jan Mokr\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201eJe dost dob\u0159e mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se tato p\u016fvodn\u011b prvn\u00ed sme\u010dka na \u0160umav\u011b \u00fapln\u011b rozpadne a jej\u00ed teritorium obsad\u00ed vlci ze sousedn\u00edch teritori\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee se znovu nastartovat. Prost\u011b, v\u00fdvoj vl\u010d\u00edch sme\u010dek na \u0160umav\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00fd, ale nikdy nem\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u017edy je po\u010detnost jedinc\u016f a schopnost p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na dostatku potravy,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci tzv. \u201eVl\u010d\u00edho roku\u201c 2022\/2023, kter\u00fd trv\u00e1 od za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna, do konce dubna roku n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho, mohou zoologov\u00e9 Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava potvrdit \u0161est vl\u010d\u00edch teritori\u00ed. V p\u011bti z nich do\u0161lo k reprodukc\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\u201ePo\u010det zn\u00e1m\u00fdch teritori\u00ed je stejn\u00fd jako ve vl\u010d\u00edm roce 2021\/2022, kdy do\u0161lo k rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ve \u010dty\u0159ech z nich: v \u017deleznorudsk\u00e9, Srnsk\u00e9, Borovoladsk\u00e9 a v Zadn\u00ed Zvonkov\u00e9. Dv\u011b teritoria byla p\u0159itom nov\u011b obsazena vl\u010d\u00edmi p\u00e1ry a to v r\u00e1mci Plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho kraje v okol\u00ed Panc\u00ed\u0159e a v Jiho\u010desk\u00e9m kraji na Boub\u00edn\u011b. V roce 2022 prob\u011bhlo rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ude krom\u011b u\u017e zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 Srnsk\u00e9 sme\u010dky,\u201c<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje Jan Mokr\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho odhaduj\u00ed zoologov\u00e9 po\u010detnost vl\u010d\u00ed populace na 36 jedinc\u016f, tedy zhruba o \u010dtvrtinu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v roce 2021. Tento \u00fadaj se b\u011bhem roku m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit a to v souvislosti s narozen\u00edm vl\u010dat a odchodem mlad\u00fdch vlk\u016f na nov\u00e1 neobsazen\u00e1 teritoria, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jejich \u00fahynu.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlen\u00fd monitoring vl\u010d\u00ed populace p\u0159itom p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 poznatky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vl\u010d\u00ed sme\u010dka na Zadn\u00ed Zvonkov\u00e9 nen\u00ed utvo\u0159en\u00e1 vlky, kte\u0159\u00ed se narodili na \u0160umav\u011b. Podle anal\u00fdzy vzorku DNA poch\u00e1z\u00ed zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00e1r pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z Rakouska a Novohradsk\u00fdch Hor.<\/p>\n

Spolupr\u00e1ce s P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeckou fakultou Univerzity Karlovy, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed rozbory mimo jin\u00e9 vzork\u016f trusu, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznatky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jak vypad\u00e1 j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek \u0161umavsk\u00fdch vlk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eK dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni jsme prozkoumali v\u00edce ne\u017e 260 vzork\u016f trusu na potravn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu. Ukazuje se z nich, \u017ee sp\u00e1rkat\u00e1 zv\u011b\u0159 (jelen\u00ed, srn\u010d\u00ed zv\u011b\u0159 a divok\u00e1 prasata) tvo\u0159\u00ed 96 procent potravy vlk\u016f. Zbyl\u00e1 procenta tvo\u0159\u00ed jin\u00e1 drobn\u00e1 potrava (zaj\u00edci, drobn\u00ed savci) a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed 2,5 procenta z jejich potravy. Vlci na \u0160umav\u011b se tak v\u00fdznamnou m\u011brou pod\u00edlej\u00ed na odlovu jelen\u00ed zv\u011b\u0159e, jak to doposud d\u011blal pouze \u010dlov\u011bk. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech budeme m\u00edt mo\u017enost sledovat, jak\u00fd to bude m\u00edt vliv na jej\u00ed po\u010detnost,\u201c<\/em> hodnot\u00ed v\u00fdsledky \u010d\u00e1sti anal\u00fdz zoolog Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Old\u0159ich Vojt\u011bch.<\/p>\n

\u0160umav\u0161t\u00ed zoologov\u00e9 mimo jin\u00e9 vyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed k nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m na hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159atech na \u00fazem\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku a CHKO \u0160umava. Podle jejich statistik od roku 2017 je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee ochrana hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at tak\u00e9 proch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edm v\u00fdvojem.<\/p>\n

\u201ePrvn\u00ed \u0161kody od vlk\u016f jsme registrovali v roce 2017. S n\u00e1r\u016fstem t\u011bchto \u0161elem jich tak\u00e9 p\u0159ib\u00fdvalo. V roce 2018 jich bylo sedmn\u00e1ct, v roce 2019 \u010dty\u0159icet jedna. N\u00e1sledn\u011b po\u010det \u0161kodn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed klesal. V roce 2020 jsme jich registrovali t\u0159icet sedm, o rok pozd\u011bji dvacet jedna a loni dvaadvacet. Letos zat\u00edm evidujeme p\u011bt ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou poklesu po\u010dtu \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch \u0161kod je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b efektivn\u00ed snaha chovatel\u016f p\u0159edch\u00e1zet \u00fatok\u016fm a sv\u00e1 st\u00e1da zabezpe\u010duj\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Old\u0159ich Vojt\u011bch, kter\u00fd s Janem Mokr\u00fdm sou\u010dasn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 s osv\u011btou o vlc\u00edch v r\u00e1mci \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti a tak\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u011b chovatel\u016fm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at na \u00fazem\u00ed NP a CHKO \u0160umava a jej\u00edm okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto – fotopasti: (tz-np\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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