{"id":280298,"date":"2023-06-03T19:27:25","date_gmt":"2023-06-03T18:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=280298"},"modified":"2023-06-03T19:27:25","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T18:27:25","slug":"dtest-dite-jako-spotrebitel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=280298","title":{"rendered":"dTest: D\u00edt\u011b jako spot\u0159ebitel"},"content":{"rendered":"
Osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed osmn\u00e1cti let nejsou pln\u011b sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vn\u00e9, za stanoven\u00fdch podm\u00ednek p\u0159esto mohou uzav\u00edrat smlouvy, tedy se i zavazovat k pr\u00e1vn\u00edm povinnostem. Toho vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed obchodn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nezku\u0161enosti \u010di zranitelnosti nezletil\u00fdch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. Nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obranou je p\u0159itom prevence, kterou by rodi\u010de nem\u011bli podce\u0148ovat.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u011bku 18 let m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dopad na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postaven\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Se zletilost\u00ed je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm spojeno nabyt\u00ed pln\u00e9 sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vnosti. Jedn\u00e1 se o okam\u017eik, od n\u011bho\u017e m\u016f\u017ee osoba neomezen\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b jednat sama za sebe, tedy v pln\u00e9m rozsahu nab\u00fdvat pr\u00e1va a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se zavazovat k pr\u00e1vn\u00edm povinnostem. Neznamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee by osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 18 let v\u016fbec nemohly uzav\u00edrat smlouvy \u010di jinak pr\u00e1vn\u011b jednat. Jejich sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vnost je pouze omezena v tom smyslu, \u017ee mohou jednat v rozsahu p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9m rozumov\u00e9 a voln\u00ed vysp\u011blosti sv\u00fdch vrstevn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eDvan\u00e1ctilet\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b si proto m\u016f\u017ee zcela v souladu s pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem zakoupit dva kope\u010dky zmrzliny, ale na koupi vlastn\u00ed cukr\u00e1rny si je\u0161t\u011b mus\u00ed po\u010dkat,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1, \u0159editelka spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace dTest. V p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy nezletil\u00fd nen\u00ed s\u00e1m zp\u016fsobil\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u011b jednat, jedn\u00e1 za n\u011bj z\u00e1konn\u00fd z\u00e1stupce, tedy zpravidla rodi\u010d. \u201ePokud by z\u00e1konn\u00ed z\u00e1stupci d\u00edt\u011bte byli p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee jejich d\u00edt\u011b uzav\u0159elo smlouvou nad r\u00e1mec sv\u00e9 zp\u016fsobilosti, ani\u017e by s t\u00edm oni souhlasili, pak by m\u011bli u osoby, s n\u00ed\u017e nezletil\u00fd jednal, nam\u00edtat neplatnost takov\u00e9 smlouvy. Pro posouzen\u00ed platnosti bude rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed nejen v\u011bk nezletil\u00e9ho, ale zejm\u00e9na jeho ment\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnosti, okolnosti uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy a hodnota p\u0159edm\u011btu, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edm\u011btem pr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

K postaven\u00ed nezletil\u00fdch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f se pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava v\u00fdslovn\u011b nevyjad\u0159uje. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bude mo\u017en\u00e9 nezletil\u00e9 pova\u017eovat za zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele, z \u010deho\u017e plyne nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed nekal\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch praktik obchodn\u00edk\u016f. Nezletil\u00ed nicm\u00e9n\u011b v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch vystupuj\u00ed v z\u00e1sad\u011b ve t\u0159ech rol\u00edch \u2013 jako (i) spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9, (ii) osoby ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch osob (rodi\u010d\u016f) nebo jako (iii) potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed budouc\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9. Nezletil\u00ed tedy maj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00fd vliv na ekonomick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. T\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti si jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u011bdomi i obchodn\u00edci \u010di poskytovatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb, kte\u0159\u00ed tomu p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u010dasto i problematick\u00e9 marketingov\u00e9 strategie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i rozvoji technologi\u00ed a v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho internetu jsou pak nezletil\u00ed vystaveni n\u00e1strah\u00e1m prakticky nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b. \u201eVedle tradi\u010dn\u00edch reklam zac\u00edlen\u00fdch na d\u011bti st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 i sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch metod, kdy marketingov\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed nelze na prvn\u00ed pohled rozpoznat ani okem dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, nato\u017e d\u00edt\u011bte. Provozovatel\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00fdch platforem \u010di soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed toti\u017e ned\u016fsledn\u011b, pokud v\u016fbec, zasahuj\u00ed proti neozna\u010den\u00fdm\/skryt\u00fdm reklam\u00e1m a dezinform\u00e1tor\u016fm nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edm ni\u010d\u00edm nepodlo\u017een\u00e9 recepty na \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed bez ohledu na to, zda se jedn\u00e1 o investi\u010dn\u00ed rady \u010di zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl,<\/em>\u201c up\u0159es\u0148uje Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1. dTest se v t\u00e9to souvislosti mimo jin\u00e9 pod\u00edlel na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b st\u00ed\u017enosti na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 TikTok, a to ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Evropskou spot\u0159ebitelskou organizac\u00ed BEUC a dal\u0161\u00edmi partnery z \u0159ad evropsk\u00fdch spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

S pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se poj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e riziko shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f nezletil\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 jsou rovn\u011b\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k nab\u00eddk\u00e1m v\u00fdrobk\u016f a slu\u017eeb, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e povaha sd\u011blen\u00ed, jeho sledovan\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br a manipulativn\u00ed techniky jsou \u010dasto mimo rozli\u0161ovac\u00ed schopnost nezletil\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b jsou nezletil\u00ed marketingov\u00fdm nab\u00eddk\u00e1m \u010dasto vystaveni i v m\u00edstech, kde se jim nemohou vyhnout, jako jsou \u0161koln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010di \u010dek\u00e1rny d\u011btsk\u00fdch ordinac\u00ed. Takov\u00e9 praktiky mohou m\u00edt podobu spolupr\u00e1ce obchodn\u00edka se \u0161kolou \u010di u\u010ditelem, kter\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm nab\u00eddne, aby v\u00fdrobek, nap\u0159\u00edklad kn\u00ed\u017eku, donesli uk\u00e1zat dom\u016f rodi\u010d\u016fm, s ot\u00e1zkou, zda by ji pro n\u011b nezakoupili. Jist\u00fd n\u00e1tlak pak vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed i skute\u010dnost, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b nechce b\u00fdt jedin\u00fdm ze t\u0159\u00eddy, kdo si danou kn\u00ed\u017eku nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad sadu fotek ze \u0161koln\u00edho focen\u00ed nezakoup\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nejlep\u0161\u00ed je prevence<\/h6>\n

I. V\u011bt\u0161ina rodi\u010d\u016f podce\u0148uje rizika, kter\u00fdm v online sv\u011bt\u011b \u010del\u00ed jejich d\u011bti, sta\u0148te se v\u00fdjimkou. Pov\u00eddejte si s d\u011btmi \u2013 vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte otev\u0159en\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

II. Nenucenou konverzaci o d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech m\u016f\u017eete zah\u00e1jit nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i stav\u011bn\u00ed stavebnice, puzzle \u010di hran\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 hry.<\/p>\n

III. Pov\u00eddejte si s d\u011btmi o tom, co d\u011blaj\u00ed na internetu, co tam vid\u011bly a jak to na n\u011b p\u016fsobilo. Vysv\u011btlujte d\u011btem mo\u017en\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 dopady p\u0159\u00edtomnosti na internetu a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/p>\n

IV. Potla\u010dte instinkty, p\u0159edem neodsuzujte tu\u017eby d\u00edt\u011bte. \u010casto doc\u00edl\u00edte p\u0159esn\u00e9ho opaku a d\u00edt\u011b bude po dan\u00e9m v\u00fdrobku tou\u017eit je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce.<\/p>\n

V. Vysv\u011btlujte, pro\u010d je podle v\u00e1s v\u00fdrobek \u010di slu\u017eba nedokonal\u00fd, pro\u010d je nevhodn\u00fd nebo nevzhledn\u00fd. P\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b d\u011btem odhalujte marketingov\u00e9 triky a praktiky prodejc\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pokud spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 maj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky k tomuto t\u00e9matu, mohou se obr\u00e1tit na bezplatnou spot\u0159ebitelskou poradnu dTestu, a to elektronicky na www.dtest.cz\/spotrebitelska-poradna<\/strong><\/a> nebo telefonicky na \u010d\u00edslo 299 149 009.<\/p>\n

dTest<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":280300,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/03\/ram-dtest.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280298"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=280298"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":280299,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280298\/revisions\/280299"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/280300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=280298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=280298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=280298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}