{"id":279810,"date":"2023-08-22T13:24:55","date_gmt":"2023-08-22T12:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=279810"},"modified":"2023-08-22T13:24:55","modified_gmt":"2023-08-22T12:24:55","slug":"stara-sumava-o-bylinkarich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=279810","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O bylink\u00e1\u0159\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

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M\u011bs\u00edc \u010derven je jak stvo\u0159en\u00fd na sb\u011br l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch bylinek i rostlin, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed mlad\u00e9 listy a za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed kv\u011bty. Kde nebyl doktor, tam byla b\u00e1ba ko\u0159en\u00e1\u0159ka. Lid\u00e9 se za n\u00ed sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli z \u0161iroka daleka, v\u011b\u0159ili na tajemnou s\u00edlu bylinek o p\u016flnoci sesb\u00edran\u00fdch a o\u010dek\u00e1vali pomoc nejen od v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdch neduh\u016f t\u011bla, ale i du\u0161e…<\/h6>\n

Byly \u010dasy, kdy m\u011blo lidov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed pro oby\u010dejn\u00e9 lidi v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu ne\u017e studovan\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a pat\u0159ilo do p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho b\u011bhu jejich \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1by ko\u0159en\u00e1\u0159ky, porodn\u00ed b\u00e1by, kov\u00e1\u0159i, brad\u00fd\u0159i, lazebn\u00edci a dokonce i kati. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli v rukou lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo dnes a denn\u011b. Povol\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nem\u011bla \u010dest spole\u010dnosti, \u010dasto byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ne\u010dist\u00e1, ale jeho p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 byli v \u00fact\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Historie u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylin byla zalo\u017eena na v\u00ed\u0159e v Boha, tedy na p\u0159edstav\u011b, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 rostlinky jsou viditeln\u011b ozna\u010deny dle sv\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed na lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo \u010di ducha. A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o barvu kv\u011bt\u016f, tvar ko\u0159ene \u010di listu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev brzdila pokrok. V\u011bda nebyla cen\u011bna, pokusy byly p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ny ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u011b a nemoc byla vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako trest za h\u0159\u00edch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b bylink\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 za zdmi kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f a v domc\u00edch babek ko\u0159en\u00e1\u0159ek. Ji\u017e v \u201eKronice \u010desk\u00e9\u201c V\u00e1clava H\u00e1jka z Libo\u010dan, kter\u00e1 poprv\u00e9 vy\u0161la v roce 1541, se pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o tom, \u017ee jedna z dcer \u010desk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete Kroka byla v\u0161ech l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch bylin znal\u00e1, v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed velmi vysp\u011bl\u00e1 a neduhy lidsk\u00e9 i bolesti r\u016fzn\u00e9 krotit um\u011bla. Tato pov\u011bst je v novodob\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch zaznamen\u00e1na i ve \u201eStar\u00fdch pov\u011bstech \u010desk\u00fdch\u201c od Aloise Jir\u00e1ska.<\/p>\n

Obdob\u00ed 15. stolet\u00ed je zlat\u00fdm v\u011bkem herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f, vzhledem ke skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee byl objeven knihtisk. S vyn\u00e1lezem knihtisku se v\u011bdomosti o bylink\u00e1ch, do t\u00e9 doby st\u0159e\u017een\u00e9 za kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edmi zdmi, kone\u010dn\u011b zp\u0159\u00edstupnily \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm lidov\u00fdm vrstv\u00e1m. V d\u016fsledku toho pak za\u010daly ko\u0159en\u00ed a l\u00e9\u010divky r\u016fst \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm \u010dast\u011bji na, zahrad\u00e1ch sedl\u00e1k\u016f nebo tak\u00e9 m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f. U\u010den\u00ed o l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch bylin\u00e1ch pak za\u017eilo je\u0161t\u011b jednu dobu rozkv\u011btu, v 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed. Zaslou\u017eili se o to Sebastian Kneipp, Johann K\u016fnzle a Samuel Hahnemann. U\u010dili, jak zach\u00e1zet s bylinkami, “l\u00e9k\u00e1rnou od p\u00e1naboha”. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto obdob\u00ed za\u010dalo tak\u00e9 vznikat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed klasick\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Jde v\u011bt\u0161inou o soupisy l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin v\u010detn\u011b jejich botanick\u00e9ho popisu, pou\u017eit\u00ed a d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u011bl byl Mattioliho herb\u00e1\u0159. Jeho text vych\u00e1zel z p\u016fvodn\u00edch d\u011bl antick\u00fdch, hlavn\u011b z Dioskoridova De materia medica a byl tak v podstat\u011b jeho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm o nov\u00e9 rostliny, v\u010detn\u011b mnoha exotick\u00fdch. Z\u00edskal si zna\u010dnou popularitu a a\u017e do konce 18. stolet\u00ed byl b\u011b\u017enou v\u00fdbavou dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed a praktick\u00fdm r\u00e1dcem p\u0159i dom\u00e1c\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b i va\u0159en\u00ed. V \u010cech\u00e1ch se stal vzorem pro v\u011bt\u0161inu bylink\u00e1\u0159\u016f a na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b vznikly i prvn\u00ed ryze \u010desk\u00e9 herb\u00e1\u0159e. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o bylink\u00e1ch jsou z n\u011bj tak prakticky opisov\u00e1ny dodnes.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1ba ko\u0159en\u00e1\u0159ka \u2013 sb\u00edrala a prod\u00e1vala ko\u0159en\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00e9 byliny. Rok co rok, trh co trh \u2013 zejm\u00e9na v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed, p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli do m\u011bste\u010dka b\u00e1by ko\u0159en\u00e1\u0159ky. Jsouce \u201ehotov\u00fdmi l\u00e9ka\u0159i\u201c prod\u00e1vali r\u016fzn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky proti chorob\u00e1m a hork\u00fdm nemocem i jin\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m. Pom\u00e1hali nejen lidem, ale i kon\u00edm a dobytku v\u016fbec. V l\u00e9t\u011b b\u00e1by ko\u0159en\u00e1\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 v n\u016f\u0161i na z\u00e1dech a v ko\u0161i m\u011bly plno su\u0161en\u00fdch bylin, mast\u00ed a l\u00e9k\u016f chodily od domu k domu a prod\u00e1valy svoje bylinky a masti\u010dky. Bydlely v\u011bt\u0161inou na kraji obce a kdy\u017e nechodily po domech, tak sb\u00edraly a su\u0161ily bylinky. Tato \u201e\u017eivnost\u201c se d\u011bdila z pokolen\u00ed na pokolen\u00ed a d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch byla takov\u00e1 b\u00e1ba k nezaplacen\u00ed. Pomohla od mnoh\u00fdch neduh\u016f a nemoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mezi m\u011bsty a venkovem d\u0159\u00edve i v oblasti bylink\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed panoval \u010dil\u00fd ruch \u2013 venkovanky p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bly bylinky prod\u00e1vat na jarmarky a z m\u011bsta dom\u016f si zase odv\u00e1\u017eely speci\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9\u010diva. D\u011bcka z chud\u00fdch rodin dok\u00e1zal \u201evyl\u00e9\u010dit\u201c i oby\u010dejn\u00fd rohl\u00edk coby vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 pochoutka. Kupodivu si lid\u00e9 z venkova ve m\u011bstech hlavn\u011b p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti velk\u00fdch v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edch a rodinn\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f kupovali tzv. kr\u00e1msk\u00fd \u010daj, kter\u00fd byl kolikr\u00e1t dle vzpom\u00ednek pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f sice nevaln\u00e9 chuti (aby ne, kdy\u017e po zbytek roku byli zvykl\u00ed p\u00edt lahodn\u00e9 \u010daje bylinkov\u00e9), ale nesl jak\u00fdsi punc exkluzivity a na sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm stole tedy nemohl chyb\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Bylink\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je tedy nutno ch\u00e1pat jako starou lidovou moudrost zalo\u017eenou na z\u00edskan\u00fdch zku\u0161enostech cel\u00fdch generac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se d\u011bdila z pokolen\u00ed na pokolen\u00ed, a tak v podstat\u011b obohatila l\u00e9ka\u0159skou v\u011bdu p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed neduh\u016f lidstva.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> DIENSTBIER, Jan; VL\u010cKOV\u00c1, Alena – O ko\u0159en\u00ed. Praha: Lidov\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00ed, 1986. \u017d\u00c1\u010cEK, Zden\u011bk – V\u016fn\u011b ko\u0159en\u00ed. Praha: Merkur, 1981<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  M\u011bs\u00edc <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":285295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22\/ram-bylinkari.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279810"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=279810"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":285296,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279810\/revisions\/285296"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/285295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=279810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=279810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=279810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}