{"id":279064,"date":"2023-05-19T16:51:38","date_gmt":"2023-05-19T15:51:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=279064"},"modified":"2023-05-19T16:52:45","modified_gmt":"2023-05-19T15:52:45","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-nejcastejsi-pricinou-uhynu-dravcu-a-sov-v-cesku-za-posledni-stoleti-je-zabiti-clovekem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=279064","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00fahynu dravc\u016f a sov v \u010cesku za posledn\u00ed stolet\u00ed je nej\u010dast\u011bji zabit\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bkem"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed a sloven\u0161t\u00ed ornitologov\u00e9 analyzovali data u 24 druh\u016f dravc\u016f a sov v letech 1913\u20132017. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee mezi hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u00fahynu dravc\u016f v \u010cesku pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bkem, tedy otr\u00e1ven\u00ed, zast\u0159elen\u00ed \u010di jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u00famysln\u00e9ho usmrcen\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 druhy nav\u00edc ohro\u017euje ne\u00famysln\u00e1, takzvan\u00e1 antropogenn\u00ed \u00famrtnost, jako jsou st\u0159ety s vozidly \u010di usmrcen\u00ed na dr\u00e1tech \u010di sloupech nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pta\u010d\u00ed kriminality je pot\u0159eba se podle v\u011bdc\u016f zam\u011b\u0159it v budoucnu, abychom zajistili efektivn\u00ed ochranu dravc\u016f a sov, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 druhy pat\u0159\u00ed k ohro\u017een\u00fdm. Studii zve\u0159ejnil presti\u017en\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u010dasopis Biological Conservation.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Dravci jsou v\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed suchozemsk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, slou\u017e\u00ed jako pred\u00e1to\u0159i a indik\u00e1tory zm\u011bn a vlivu \u010dlov\u011bka na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed strukturovat biologick\u00e1 spole\u010denstva a kontrolovat populace poln\u00edch a lesn\u00edch \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pln\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 funkce v ekosyst\u00e9mu, jako je odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mr\u0161in, a t\u00edm sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enosti p\u0159enosu patogen\u016f. Glob\u00e1ln\u011b mnoha druh\u016fm dravc\u016f ale hroz\u00ed vyhynut\u00ed kv\u016fli ztr\u00e1t\u011b \u010di degradaci p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed z d\u016fvodu intenzivn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR, \u010cesk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti ornitologick\u00e9 (\u010cSO), Krou\u017ekovac\u00ed stanice N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea a \u00dastavu zoologie Slovensk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd analyzoval data ze \u0161esti datab\u00e1z\u00ed z let 1913\u20132017 s n\u00e1lezy 24 443 \u00fahynu dravc\u016f a sov 24 druh\u016f. \u201eDravci a sovy jsou vrcholov\u00ed pred\u00e1to\u0159i. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ovliv\u0148uje lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost, od ru\u0161en\u00ed, p\u0159es ni\u010den\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u017e po usmrcen\u00ed. Antropogenn\u00ed \u00famrtnost, tedy ta, kter\u00e1 je zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bn\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bkem a jeho, by\u0165 i ne\u00famysln\u00fdm vlivem, v\u00fdznamn\u011b a dlouhodob\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed na po\u010dty dravc\u016f a sov. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u00fahyn\u016f se v\u0161ak mohou v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bnit. Je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se na problematiku pod\u00edvat ze \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed perspektivy, abychom se mohli zam\u011b\u0159it na ochranu nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi druhy dravc\u016f a sov,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje hlavn\u00ed autor studie Martin \u0160\u00e1lek z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR a \u010cSO.<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bkem dominovalo \u00famrtnosti dravc\u016f prakticky po cel\u00e9 minul\u00e9 stolet\u00ed, v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu \u00fahyny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem nep\u0159\u00edmo. \u201eNe\u00famysln\u00e1 antropogenn\u00ed \u00famrtnost, jako jsou st\u0159ety s vozidly \u010di usmrcen\u00ed elektrick\u00fdm proudem na dr\u00e1tech \u010di sloupech nap\u011bt\u00ed, se od roku 1913 do roku 2000 postupn\u011b zvy\u0161ovala, ale v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch za\u010dala op\u011bt klesat. To lze p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst r\u016fzn\u00fdm ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm, jako jsou \u00fapravy sloup\u016f elektrick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed \u010di zabezpe\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f past\u00ed, jako jsou kom\u00edny nebo roury, ve kter\u00fdch mohou uv\u00edznout p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sovy,<\/em>\u201c sd\u011bluje spoluautor studie Zden\u011bk Vermouzek, \u0159editel \u010cSO.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvody \u00famrt\u00ed se u jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f dravc\u016f li\u0161\u00ed<\/h6>\n

V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u00famrtnosti se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e jin\u00fdch a lze je tak se\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. \u201ePron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bkem (st\u0159elba \u010di c\u00edlen\u00e1 otrava) je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina smrti u dravc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do konfliktu s \u010dlov\u011bkem, nap\u0159\u00edklad jest\u0159\u00e1b, orel mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u010di lu\u0148\u00e1k \u010derven\u00fd. Usmrcen\u00ed elektrick\u00fdm proudem postihuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm druhy \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajin\u011b, jako jsou po\u0161tolka obecn\u00e1 a k\u00e1n\u011b lesn\u00ed. A u v\u011bt\u0161iny druh\u016f sov je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eka s vozidlem, jde nap\u0159\u00edklad o kalouse u\u0161at\u00e9ho, s\u00fd\u010dka obecn\u00e9ho, pu\u0161t\u00edka obecn\u00e9ho a dal\u0161\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed silni\u010dn\u00ed mortality dravc\u016f a pt\u00e1k\u016f obecn\u011b se vlastn\u011b nikdo moc nezam\u011b\u0159uje,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Martin \u0160\u00e1lek.<\/p>\n

Po roce 2000 se dokonce st\u0159ety s vozidly dostaly na pomyslnou prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dku v p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch ne\u00famysln\u00e9ho usmrcen\u00ed dravc\u016f a sov. \u201eNa\u0161e zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fasil\u00ed o ochranu dravc\u016f a sov by se m\u011blo zam\u011b\u0159ovat jak na omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak i na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed \u00famrtnosti dravc\u016f a sov na silnic\u00edch,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martin \u0160\u00e1lek.<\/p>\n

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(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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