{"id":278799,"date":"2026-05-08T19:21:29","date_gmt":"2026-05-08T18:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=278799"},"modified":"2026-05-08T19:21:29","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T18:21:29","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-staroveci-svetci-pankrac-servac-a-bonifac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=278799","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Starov\u011bc\u00ed sv\u011btci Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c a Bonif\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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O ledov\u00fdch mu\u017e\u00edch<\/strong>
\nTentokr\u00e1t se zas jednou skoro nachlup p\u0159esn\u011b uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee \u201cPankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c, Bonif\u00e1c a \u017dofie jsou \u010dty\u0159i zmrzl\u00edci\u201d. Na v\u011bci nic nem\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee se k notorick\u00fdm zmrzl\u00edk\u016fm tentokr\u00e1t p\u0159ipojil tak\u00e9 \u0158eho\u0159 Nazi\u00e1nsk\u00fd, Gordi\u00e1n a Mamert; lidov\u00e1 pranostika tohoto roku m\u011bla pravdu, i kdy\u017e \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 vlastiv\u011bda pon\u011bkud skepticky podot\u00fdk\u00e1, \u017ee kv\u011btnov\u00e1 situace ochlazen\u00ed \u201cnen\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00e1z\u00e1na na data \u010dty\u0159 zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch sv\u011btc\u016f\u201d. Zato pr\u00fd “jest n\u011bjak\u00e1 souvislost s plovouc\u00edmi ledy od pol\u00e1rn\u00edho mo\u0159e\u201d. P\u0159esto jmenovan\u00fd pramen uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee “nep\u0159edpojat\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159enesen\u00e9 z jedn\u00e9 generace na druhou m\u016f\u017ee skr\u00fdvati mnoh\u00e9 zdrav\u00e9 a cenn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro\u201d. Toto m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed o lidov\u00fdch pranostik\u00e1ch pln\u011b potvrzuji; nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017e po mnoho let shled\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee “na Nov\u00fd rok o slepi\u010d\u00ed krok\u201d a \u017ee “na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le o hodinu d\u00e1le\u201d. Vrac\u00ed-li se takto po\u010das\u00ed k star\u00fdm pranostik\u00e1m, je v tom vid\u011bt konsolidaci pom\u011br\u016f a n\u00e1vrat k dom\u00e1c\u00edm tradic\u00edm. Snad se z toho d\u016fvodu osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed pranostika: “Studen\u00fd m\u00e1j, v stodole r\u00e1j.\u201d Co\u017e v modern\u00ed \u0159e\u010di znamen\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed agr\u00e1rn\u00ed krizi a stoupnut\u00ed maloobchodn\u00edch cen. <\/em><\/p>\n

Ned\u011bln\u00ed fejetony Karla \u010capka Lidov\u00e9 noviny 17. 5. 1935<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 pranostika neudr\u017euje zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159e ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem v nap\u011bt\u00ed tolik jako ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei. A\u0165 u\u017e jde o ovoce, zeleninu, nebo kv\u011btiny. Ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei pr\u00fd spaluj\u00ed mrazem ovoce i r\u016f\u017ei. Star\u00e1 pranostika poch\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b z doby p\u0159ed reformou kalend\u00e1\u0159e v roce 1582, kter\u00e1 s sebou p\u0159inesla i zru\u0161en\u00ed deseti kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edch dn\u016f. Proto\u017ee si v\u0161ak pam\u011btn\u00ed dny v kalend\u00e1\u0159i ponechaly sv\u00e9 star\u00e9 m\u00edsto, musel by se tento meteorologick\u00fd \u00fakaz podle na\u0161eho dne\u0161n\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e spr\u00e1vn\u011b tak\u00e9 posunout \u2013 mraziv\u00e9 dny bychom tak ve skute\u010dnosti m\u011bli o\u010dek\u00e1vat a\u017e mezi 21. a 25. kv\u011btnem.<\/h6>\n

Datum ledov\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f se mimochodem li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na regionu. Zat\u00edmco na severu se jako dny ledov\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f ozna\u010duj\u00ed 11. a\u017e 13. kv\u011bten, na jihu za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed a\u017e 12. kv\u011btna a kon\u010d\u00ed 15. Tato pranostika je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 v mnoha evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. T\u0159i mu\u017esk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 jsou pro n\u00e1s symbolem pro chladn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, nosili ve st\u0159edov\u011bku v\u00fdznamn\u00ed sv\u011btci. A\u017e pozd\u011bji si se dny, na kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipadal jejich sv\u00e1tek, za\u010daly na\u0161e babi\u010dky spojovat lidov\u00e9 pranostiky.<\/p>\n

Pokud jste m\u011bli pocit, \u017ee se ochladilo, mohou za to t\u0159i “ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei” – tedy alespo\u0148 podle lidov\u00fdch pranostik, je\u017e prav\u00ed “ledov\u00ed brat\u0159i p\u0159inesou r\u00e1na, jak se pat\u0159\u00ed”. Ti t\u0159i jsou Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c a Bonif\u00e1c – a zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159i v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee po jejich odchodu je \u010das s\u00e1zet. Kdo ale vlastn\u011b byli tito sv\u011btci? A nakolik se v posledn\u00edch letech star\u00e9 pranostiky pln\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed ledov\u00fd sv\u011btec Pankr\u00e1c za sebou m\u011bl pohnut\u00fd osud. Bylo mu jenom 14 let, kdy\u017e se odm\u00edtl vzd\u00e1t k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed a tak byl 12. kv\u011btna roku 304 v \u0158\u00edm\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u011b s\u0165at. Svat\u00fd Serv\u00e1c – biskup, nezem\u0159el mu\u010dednickou smrt\u00ed, ale na zimnici. Bylo to 13. kv\u011btna 384 v Maastrichtu. Posledn\u00ed ledov\u00fd sv\u011btec Bonif\u00e1c m\u011bl celkem nez\u00e1visl\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. V\u0161echno se ale zm\u011bnilo, kdy\u017e na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di vid\u011bl, jak jsou k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 pro svou v\u00edru krut\u011b zab\u00edjeni. Pod vlivem hr\u016fzn\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f se ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159ihl\u00e1sil k v\u00ed\u0159e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b. Byl okam\u017eit\u011b uv\u011bzn\u011bn a po krut\u00e9m mu\u010den\u00ed jej bi\u0159icov\u00e9 vhodili do va\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se sm\u016fly. To se podle legendy psal rok 306.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky jsou o nich v knih\u00e1ch ji\u017e b\u011bhem 17. stolet\u00ed. Ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei pat\u0159\u00ed mezi takzvan\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed singularity. Singularitu m\u016f\u017eeme popsat jako nezvykl\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed veli\u010diny – v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b teploty. V polovin\u011b kv\u011btna, kdy u\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, toti\u017e ob\u010das do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy pronikne velmi studen\u00fd vzduch od severu.<\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e9 pranostiky se v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u00e1\u017eou s t\u00edmto sv\u00e1tkem t\u0159\u00ed zmrzl\u00fdch meteorologicky. Tato lidov\u00e1 r\u010den\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed dohromady dlouholet\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159\u016f s vlivem po\u010das\u00ed na \u00farodu v danou ro\u010dn\u00ed dobu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee kv\u011bten je pro zem\u011bd\u011blce velmi hospod\u00e1\u0159sky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm m\u011bs\u00edcem, je pranostik opravdu hodn\u011b. Zn\u00e1te – li nap\u0159. “B\u0159ezen, za kamna vlezem, duben, je\u0161t\u011b tam budem, ale m\u00e1j, vy\u017eeneme kozy v h\u00e1j.”, “Svat\u00ed Pankr\u00e1ci, Serv\u00e1ci a Bonif\u00e1ci, v\u00e1s se boj\u00ed v\u0161ici sedl\u00e1ci.”, “P\u0159ed Serv\u00e1cem nen\u00ed l\u00e9ta, po Serv\u00e1ci s mrazy veta.”, “Kdy\u017e se v m\u00e1ji bl\u00fdsk\u00e1, sedl\u00e1k si v\u00fdsk\u00e1.”, “Na Pankr\u00e1ce such\u00fd den \u2013 urod\u00ed se v\u00edno, hust\u00fd bude len. ” Ke zmrzl\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm se \u010dasto p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 “ledov\u00e1 \u017eena – \u017dofie”, nebo tak\u00e9 “uplakan\u00e1 \u017dofka” – a pranostiky, kter\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u011b zn\u00e1te: “Svat\u00e1 \u017dofie pol\u00ed\u010dka \u010dasto zalije.”, “D\u00e9\u0161\u0165 svat\u00e9 \u017dofie \u0161vestky ubije.”, a dal\u0161\u00ed. V\u0161eobecn\u011b se v\u0161ak dle pranostik tradovalo : ” je-li kv\u011bten prostuzen\u00fd, ro\u010dek bude vyda\u0159en\u00fd”.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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