{"id":276756,"date":"2026-04-05T10:11:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T09:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=276756"},"modified":"2026-04-05T18:37:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T17:37:29","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-velikonocni-pondeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=276756","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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O Velikono\u010dn\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00ed vst\u00e1vali chlapci, mu\u017ei a d\u011bti \u010dasn\u011b zr\u00e1na, aby vy\u0161li s poml\u00e1zkou na koledu. \u0160lehali d\u011bv\u010data, aby byla zdrav\u00e1, piln\u00e1, a vesel\u00e1 po cel\u00fd rok, p\u0159ed\u00e1vali jim t\u00edm sv\u011b\u017eest, mladost, ohebnost, ml\u00e1d\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed. Svobodn\u00e1 d\u011bv\u010data jim za to zav\u011b\u0161ovala na poml\u00e1zky barevn\u00e9 stuhy. Vdan\u00e9 \u017eeny koledn\u00edci vy\u0161lehali proto, aby jim vyhnali zl\u00fd jazyk. Nechodili v\u0161ak do dom\u016f soused\u016f, s nimi\u017e nebyli zadob\u0159e. Tak\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159 vy\u0161lehal \u010del\u00e1dku, aby nebyla l\u00edn\u00e1, kr\u00e1vu, aby se brzy otelila a ovocn\u00e9 stromky, aby se probudily ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku k dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farod\u011b.<\/h6>\n

Pro \u010cechy je z\u00e1bavou, ale u cizinc\u016f pr\u00fd \u010dasto vzbuzuje a\u017e pohor\u0161en\u00ed a nesouhlas. \u0158e\u010d je o poml\u00e1zce, \u0161migrustu zkr\u00e1tka obch\u016fzce na velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 poml\u00e1zka p\u0159e\u017eila v na\u0161em folkloru ji\u017e mnoho stovek let. Zm\u00ednky o n\u00ed m\u00e1me ji\u017e ze 14. stolet\u00ed, v Evrop\u011b ji v\u0161ak najdeme jen v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a na Slovensku. Ke \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed poml\u00e1zkou pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 pol\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed vodou, kter\u00e9 najdeme nap\u0159\u00edklad i v Polsku.<\/p>\n

O poml\u00e1zce i pol\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed se zmi\u0148uje ji\u017e rakousk\u00fd kazatel 14. stolet\u00ed Konr\u00e1d Waldhauser. Pol\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed vodou se v\u0161ak na ja\u0159e praktikovalo z mnoha pohansk\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f a Konr\u00e1d Waldhauser toto interpretoval k\u0159es\u0165ansky, ale p\u00edsemn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy spojen\u00e9 s vodou se pak objevuj\u00ed a\u017e od 19. stolet\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy jsou potom ze 17. stolet\u00ed, z doby p\u0159ed B\u00edlou horou (bitva na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e se ud\u00e1la v roce 1620). Zm\u00ednka je z Prahy a mluv\u00ed o tom, \u017ee si lid\u00e9 ve m\u011bst\u011b kupovali pestrobarevn\u00e9 metly a navz\u00e1jem se s nimi \u0161vihali.<\/p>\n

Op\u011bt \u2013 jeden den mu\u017ei, druh\u00fd \u017eeny. \u010cert v\u00ed, anebo taky ne, kter\u00e1 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 chytr\u00e1 hlava si odvodila, \u017ee kdy\u017e n\u011bkoho vezmete p\u0159es zadek mlad\u00fdm, zdrav\u00fdm a siln\u00fdm vrbov\u00fdm proutkem, p\u0159isp\u011bjete mu t\u00edm sami k mladosti, zdrav\u00ed a s\u00edle. N\u00e1pad se ale patrn\u011b zrodil, slovo vzalo slovo a ne\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk nad\u00e1l, vzaly za sv\u00e9 i \u010diny a jeho zadek dostal barvu ve\u010dern\u00edch \u010derv\u00e1nk\u016f. Bylo zvykem, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 vypl\u00e1cely proutky nebo z nich spletenou poml\u00e1zkou navz\u00e1jem, \u010dasem se to ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dosti sexisticky zvrtlo, a mrsk\u00e1na jsou ji\u017e jenom d\u011bv\u010data \u2013 aby byla mlad\u00e1, zdrav\u00e1 a kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b.<\/p>\n

V tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e se zvyk t\u00fdkal v\u0161ech generac\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fdch vrstev, jeho pr\u016fb\u011bh se v\u0161ak li\u0161il v z\u00e1vislosti na prost\u0159ed\u00ed. K rozvinut\u00ed do\u0161lo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed. Zvyk byl zn\u00e1m na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b oblast\u00ed ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch N\u011bmci, nikoliv v\u0161ak v\u0161ude, nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u010d\u00e1sti ji\u017en\u00edch a jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech, v\u010detn\u011b \u010ceskokrumlovska dr\u017een nebyl. Tehdy chodili chlapci \u00b4po \u010derven\u00e9m vejci\u00b4, ale obe\u0161lo se to bez \u0161vih\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u00e1me tak\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o tom, \u017ee se na \u010ceskobud\u011bjovicku chodilo koledovat s berany, co\u017e byly svazky posv\u011bcen\u00e9 na Kv\u011btnou ned\u011bli.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed je poml\u00e1zka st\u00e1le jednou z nej\u017eivotn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch tradic\u00ed. S poml\u00e1zkou jsou dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny oby\u010deje spojovan\u00e9 s obnovou, o\u010distou a omlazen\u00edm jako je pol\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed vodou \u010di vo\u0148avkami, nebo h\u00e1zen\u00ed do vody, zvan\u00e9 obleva\u010dka \u010di kupa\u010dka. Tyto zvyky jsou typick\u00e9 pro severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Moravu a Slezsko. D\u00e1le pak oby\u010deje spojen\u00e9 s vykoledovan\u00fdmi vejci, jako jejich koulen\u00ed. Ob\u0159adn\u00ed bit\u00ed m\u00e1 v lidov\u00e9 oby\u010dejov\u00e9 tradici r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy, na ja\u0159e symbolizuje probuzen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly \u010dlov\u011bka a vegetace.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod slova poml\u00e1zka se podle jazykov\u011bdc\u016f vztahuje k pojm\u016fm pomladit nebo zmladit, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jarn\u00ed zelen\u011b. Po\u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011blo magicky p\u0159en\u00e9st jarn\u00ed s\u00edlu z rostlinstva na lidi. Mrsk\u00e1n\u00ed zelen\u00fdm prutem p\u0159edstavovalo probuzen\u00ed aktivity a ozdrav\u011bn\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u011b se lid\u00e9 vypl\u00e1celi navz\u00e1jem. Hospod\u00e1\u0159 za\u010dal u sv\u00e9 man\u017eelky a d\u011bt\u00ed a potom se to obr\u00e1tilo, tak\u017ee \u017eena vymrskala hospod\u00e1\u0159e. Odm\u011bnou koledn\u00edk\u016fm jsou v\u0161ude hlavn\u011b vejce, symbol \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Tvorba poml\u00e1zky podle tradice p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na B\u00edlou sobotu. Ve stejn\u00fd den mezit\u00edm \u017eeny a d\u00edvky p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed a barv\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Poml\u00e1zku by v\u0161ak jej\u00ed majitel m\u011bl nejprve ozdobit jen b\u00edlou stu\u017ekou. Dal\u0161\u00ed barevn\u00e9 pak postupn\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 mu\u017e s poml\u00e1zkou vy\u0161leh\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 podoba Velikonoc, tedy \u017ee mu\u017ei obch\u00e1zej\u00ed dom\u00e1cnosti s poml\u00e1zkou a za vy\u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed \u017een dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka nebo alkohol, je pom\u011brn\u011b mlad\u00e1. Znovu nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e9, kdy a zda v\u016fbec p\u0159i\u0161el v t\u00e9to tradici n\u011bjak\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed bod zlomu, k p\u0159eklopen\u00ed t\u00e9to tradice v ryze mu\u017eskou z\u00e1le\u017eitost do\u0161lo nejsp\u00ed\u0161 v 18. nebo 19. stolet\u00ed. V 19. stolet\u00ed kv\u016fli pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluci, velk\u00fdm soci\u00e1ln\u011b-politick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m a vrchol\u00edc\u00edmu n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu obrozen\u00ed se se za\u010daly tyto star\u0161\u00ed tradice hledat a obnovovat, inovovat. V\u00fdznam a smysl r\u016fzn\u00fdch tradi\u010dn\u00edch praktik, nejen mrsk\u00e1n\u00ed poml\u00e1zkou na Velikonoce, se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let m\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ve chv\u00edli, kdy jde o zvyk star\u00fd stovky let. Sv\u00e1tky, tradice a jejich v\u00fdznam se postupem \u010dasu p\u0159episuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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