{"id":276701,"date":"2023-04-09T23:08:15","date_gmt":"2023-04-09T22:08:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=276701"},"modified":"2023-04-09T23:08:15","modified_gmt":"2023-04-09T22:08:15","slug":"stara-sumava-o-velikonocnim-pondeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=276701","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O Velikono\u010dn\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Na Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed \u010din\u00ed slunko t\u0159i skoky. Kdy\u017e se vstane dost brzy r\u00e1no, d\u00e1 se to spat\u0159it. U\u017e na B\u00edlousobotu se kon\u00e1 p\u00e1len\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e, ohn\u011bm, kter\u00fd je \u017eiven prkny star\u00fdch rakv\u00ed. Chlapci v n\u011bm opaluj\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u011b na\u0159ezan\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 kol\u00edky, kter\u00e9 se o Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed s “palmov\u00fdmi ratolestmi” do roh\u016f polnost\u00ed. Ve\u010der si ml\u00e1denci p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed od d\u011bv\u010dat, se kter\u00fdmi v masopust\u011b tan\u010dili, “velikono\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdslu\u017eku”. Zato jim musej\u00ed o posv\u00edcen\u00ed koupit pern\u00edkov\u00e9 srdce. V rane\u010dku jsou p\u011bkn\u011b malovan\u00e1 \u010di \u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 velikono\u010dn\u00ed vejce.<\/h6>\n

V lidov\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch je \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed zelen\u00fdmi proutky o Velikonoc\u00edch spojeno s p\u0159edstavou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed s\u00edly probouzej\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edrody na \u010dlov\u011bka, na jeho kr\u00e1su i zdrav\u00ed. I hospod\u00e1\u0159 tak \u0161lehal \u010del\u00e1dku, aby nebyla l\u00edn\u00e1, kr\u00e1vu, aby se brzy otelila, a stromky, aby se probudily k dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farod\u011b. Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed je tak oded\u00e1vna sv\u00e1tkem lidov\u00fdm. Proto tento den pat\u0159il p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rodinn\u00fdm a p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm se\u0161lostem, pout\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm radov\u00e1nk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

O st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed poml\u00e1zky a jej\u00ed po stalet\u00ed nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky pra\u017esk\u00e9ho kazatele Konr\u00e1da Waldhausera; \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho ve 14. stolet\u00ed, \u017ee se man\u017eel\u00e9 a milenci v pond\u011bl\u00ed a \u00fater\u00fd velikono\u010dn\u00ed \u0161lehaj\u00ed metlami, tepaj\u00ed i rukou. Ospal\u00e9 i leniv\u00e9 pr\u00fd \u010dasn\u011b z r\u00e1na h\u00e1zej\u00ed do vody nebo alespo\u0148 pol\u00e9vaj\u00ed. Den\u00edk z doby vl\u00e1dy Rudolfa II. uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v Praze se p\u0159ed Velikonocemi prod\u00e1valy po ulic\u00edch pestrobarevn\u00e9 metly, s nimi\u017e pak v\u0161ichni venku pob\u00edhali. Potkal-li pr\u00fd kdo pannu, \u0161lehal ji po ramenou i rukou, aby dostal velikono\u010dn\u00ed vejce. T\u00e9to kratochv\u00edli se odd\u00e1vali i zem\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci. – Hody, hody doprovody, – dejte vaj\u00ed\u010dko malovan\u00fd. Ned\u00e1te-li malovan\u00fd, – dejte aspo\u0148 b\u00edl\u00fd, – slepi\u010dka v\u00e1m snese jin\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Koledn\u00edci dost\u00e1vali vaj\u00ed\u010dka namalovan\u00e1 i jednobarevn\u00e1 (nej\u010dast\u011bji \u010derven\u00e1), stejn\u011b jako bohat\u011b malovan\u00e9 a i jinak zdoben\u00e9 kraslice. Od pohansk\u00fdch dob bylo vejce symbolem \u017eivota, snad pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se spojovalo s oslavou jara. S vaj\u00ed\u010dky provozovali o velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed a n\u011bkdy i v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dny dosp\u011bl\u00ed i d\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00e9 hry. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 bylo sek\u00e1n\u00ed do vajec. Jeden chlapec uchopil vejce do dlan\u011b, aby jen \u0161pi\u010dka vykukovala mezi palcem a ukazov\u00e1kem. Druh\u00fd hoch vzal krejcar a mr\u0161til j\u00edm proti vejci. Pokud se krejcar zasekl, pat\u0159ilo vejce h\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu chlapci; pokud se svezl \u010di se v\u016fbec do vejce netrefil, z\u016fstalo vejce tomu, kdo ho dr\u017eel. M\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto se krejcar zasek\u00e1val do vejce polo\u017een\u00e9ho na zem (do d\u016flku). P\u0159i “\u0165uk\u00e1n\u00ed” dva ho\u0161i lehce ude\u0159ili \u0161pic\u00ed sv\u00fdch vajec proti sob\u011b. \u010c\u00ed \u0161pice se rozbila, ten prohr\u00e1l a musel d\u00e1t vejce soupe\u0159i.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed chlapci podv\u00e1d\u011bli a p\u0159inesli vejce vyfouknut\u00e9 a napln\u011bn\u00e9 smolou, kter\u00e9 se nerozbilo. Pokud ostatn\u00ed takov\u00fd podvod zjistili, bylo pochopiteln\u011b s nepoctivcem zle. “Koulen\u00ed” m\u011blo r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty. V jedn\u00e9 z nich se vaj\u00ed\u010dka dala do \u0159ady a chlapci k nim z v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1lky kut\u00e1leli “kudrnu” (kouli slepenou z volsk\u00fdch chlup\u016f ). Kdo zas\u00e1hl vejce, mohl si ho vz\u00edt. Jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem koulen\u00ed bylo spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vajec po naklon\u011bn\u00e9m \u0161indeli \u010di d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm \u017el\u00e1bkem na rovnou zem. Komu se poda\u0159ilo zas\u00e1hnout jin\u00e9 vejce, z\u00edskal ho. Existovaly varianty, p\u0159i nich\u017e byl v\u00edt\u011bzem ten, jeho\u017e vejce se dokut\u00e1lelo nejd\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkde se pro tento \u00fa\u010del p\u0159ipravovalo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kor\u00fdtko s p\u0159esn\u011b stanoven\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry, na n\u011bm\u017e se dalo sout\u011b\u017eit s 10 vejci najednou. Stavitel kor\u00fdtka dost\u00e1val od hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f zaplaceno za p\u0159\u00edpravu jeden nebo dva krejcary. Na z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u0160umav\u011b se sch\u00e1zela ml\u00e1de\u017e na n\u00e1vsi a h\u00e1zela vejce bu\u010f do v\u00fd\u0161ky nebo j\u00edm p\u0159ehazovala st\u0159echu tak, aby dopadlo na m\u011bkk\u00fd drn. Pokud se vejce od n\u011bkter\u00e9ho d\u011bv\u010dete chlapci rozbilo, sklidila d\u00edvka posm\u011bch a ho\u0161i \u0159\u00edkali, \u017ee bude nest\u00e1l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Spojen\u00ed obr\u00e1zku zaj\u00ed\u010dka se sv\u00e1tkem velikonoc nem\u00e1 dlouhou tradici, ujalo se koncem 19. stolet\u00ed a rychle se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed z n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v \u010desk\u00e9m ji roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila pov\u00eddka K. Schmidta “Kraslice”, v n\u00ed\u017e vykl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee kraslice sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v poli pro mravn\u00e9 d\u011bti zaj\u00ed\u010dek. Pt\u00e1me-li se, pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b on m\u016f\u017ee za tajn\u00e9 rozn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sladk\u00fdch dobrot po zahrad\u00e1ch a domech, odpov\u011b\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1. Zaj\u00edc se zjara velice \u010dasto dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do bl\u00edzkosti lidsk\u00fdch obydl\u00ed, proto\u017ee tu hled\u00e1 potravu. Od t\u00e9 doby se za\u010dali zaj\u00ed\u010dci objevovat v cukr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, pek\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, pap\u00edrnictv\u00ed a na nejrozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco zaj\u00ed\u010dek je sam\u00e1 z\u00e1hada, s ber\u00e1nkem je to jednoduch\u00e9. V novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed symbolice znamen\u00e1 obnovu \u017eivota, jeho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad smrt\u00ed a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista jako vykupitele h\u0159\u00edch\u016f, aby lid\u00e9 dos\u00e1hli odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a sp\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n

K Velikonoc\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed i velikono\u010dn\u00ed legendy. Jedna je o tom, jak svat\u00fd Petr chodil po zemi a doprov\u00e1zel Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. Jednou zav\u00edtali do velmi chudi\u010dk\u00e9ho staven\u00ed. Vdova, kter\u00e1 tam s d\u011btmi bydlela, nem\u011bla \u010d\u00edm pocestn\u00e9 nakrmit. Jedin\u00e9, co tam m\u011bla, bylo posledn\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dko, kter\u00e9 si \u0161et\u0159ila pro d\u011bti, a to jim uva\u0159ila. Druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no u\u017e tam pocestn\u00ed nebyli a ona na\u0161la na podlaze sko\u0159\u00e1pky, a ty byly zlat\u00e9. Prodala je, koupila hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, zabezpe\u010dila d\u011bti a \u017eila \u0161\u0165astn\u011b a\u017e do smrti. A tak od t\u011bch dob \u017eeny a d\u00edvky na Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed mu\u017e\u016fm i chlapc\u016fm malovan\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka na d\u016fkaz dobr\u00e9 v\u016fle, l\u00e1sky a p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed.
\nTradic, v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00edch se k obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed Velikonocemi i k nim samotn\u00fdm, bylo samoz\u0159ejm\u011b daleko v\u00edce, koneckonc\u016f v\u00fdznam tohoto zvyku skute\u010dn\u011b spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v t\u00e9 jarn\u00ed obrod\u011b a vrbov\u00fd proutek, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 a\u017e neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou \u017eivotaschopnost, tuto probouzej\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edrodu a jej\u00ed vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed symbolizuje.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, Vondru\u0161ka Vlastimil: C\u00edrkevn\u00ed rok a lidov\u00e9 oby\u010deje<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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