{"id":276578,"date":"2024-03-30T23:16:44","date_gmt":"2024-03-30T22:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=276578"},"modified":"2024-03-30T23:16:44","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T22:16:44","slug":"stara-sumava-velikonocni-jeslicky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=276578","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Velikono\u010dn\u00ed jesli\u010dky"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Um\u011bleck\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed pa\u0161ij\u00ed je v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd kostel se neobejde bez okenn\u00edch nebo n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch maleb, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsobiv\u011b zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo umu\u010den\u00ed. Ochota \u010delit p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00fdm sc\u00e9n\u00e1m kolem t\u00e9mat zrady a uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed je pom\u011brn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1. Ale velikono\u010dn\u00ed betl\u00e9m?<\/h6>\n

Velikono\u010dn\u00ed neboli postn\u00ed betl\u00e9my nejsou v \u010cesku roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9. Velikono\u010dn\u00ed verze betl\u00e9m\u016f se v mnoh\u00e9m li\u0161\u00ed od v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch s novorozen\u00fdm Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kem v jesli\u010dk\u00e1ch. Nem\u011blo by se tomu \u0159\u00edkat betl\u00e9m, proto\u017ee biblick\u00fd d\u011bj se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b. Ale ozna\u010den\u00ed z\u016fstalo, z\u0159ejm\u011b proto, \u017ee stavba navazovala na betl\u00e9m v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed, t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b hromni\u010dn\u00ed a je vyu\u017eit stejn\u00fd zp\u016fsob zobrazen\u00ed d\u011bje pomoc\u00ed figurek zap\u00edchan\u00fdch v mechu.<\/p>\n

Postn\u00ed betl\u00e9my zachycuj\u00ed naopak nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed drama v \u017eivot\u011b Kristov\u011b. Mohou zobrazovat t\u0159eba posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i, zradu Jid\u00e1\u0161e, zat\u010den\u00ed Krista, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou cestu, samotn\u00e9 uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed z k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee a Velkou noc, tedy Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed Krista. Za hranicemi jsou tyto betl\u00e9my roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V katolicky orientovan\u00fdch zem\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Rakousku nebo v Bavorsku, kde je podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch ne\u017e v \u010cesku, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vyst\u0159ihovac\u00ed postn\u00ed betl\u00e9my. P\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed v nich zejm\u00e9na jednotliv\u00e1 zastaven\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 cesty se zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00edm Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova utrpen\u00ed a samotn\u00e9ho Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy se vyskytuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed biblick\u00e9 v\u00fdjevy. Je to obdoba u n\u00e1s obl\u00edben\u00fdch vyst\u0159ihovac\u00edch v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch jesli\u010dek od zn\u00e1m\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f a ilustr\u00e1tor\u016f Josefa a Adolfa Weniga, Josefa Lady, Zdenka Buriana, kr\u00e1lovny d\u011btsk\u00e9 ilustrace a knih Bo\u017eeny N\u011bmcov\u00e9 Marie Fischerov\u00e9 Kv\u011bchov\u00e9, Mikol\u00e1\u0161e Al\u0161e nebo Vojt\u011bcha Kubi\u0161ty, z nich\u017e v\u0161ichni tak\u00e9 postn\u00ed betl\u00e9my nakreslili stejn\u011b jako v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed. Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd postn\u00ed betl\u00e9m nap\u016fl namaloval a nap\u016fl vyrobil z ka\u0161\u00edrky na po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni Jana Wericha Ji\u0159\u00ed Trnka pro Ji\u0159\u00edho Voskovce v Americe.<\/p>\n

Na D\u011b\u010d\u00ednsku a v n\u011bmecko-sask\u00e9m \u0160v\u00fdcarsku proslul malov\u00e1n\u00edm postn\u00edch betl\u00e9m\u016f b\u00fdval\u00fd herec, spisovatel a mal\u00ed\u0159 Anton\u00edn Pilner. Mnoho v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch se p\u0159i pohledu na velikono\u010dn\u00ed jesli\u010dky dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do konverzace a na tomto pozad\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee otev\u0159en\u011b mluvit o obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch t\u00e9matech, jako je smrt, pocit opu\u0161t\u011bnosti a strachy. Jasn\u00e9 na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sc\u00e9n si snadno spoj\u00edte s velikono\u010dn\u00edmi sv\u00e1tky. Konec p\u016fstu je na dohled s koncem pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, kter\u00fd d\u00e1v\u00e1 post\u00edc\u00edm se lidem s\u00edlu vydr\u017eet posledn\u00ed dny str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Velikono\u010dn\u00ed jesli\u010dky jsou obvykle pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 kv\u016fli hustot\u011b biblick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. V z\u00e1vislosti na proveden\u00ed jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu vynech\u00e1ny. Velikono\u010dn\u00ed jesli\u010dky obvykle za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed vjezdem do Jeruzal\u00e9ma na Kv\u011btnou ned\u011bli. N\u00e1sleduje Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek, kdy se Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 modl\u00ed v Getsemansk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b a Jid\u00e1\u0161 se zjevuje s \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky, aby Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e zradil. Uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek zab\u00edr\u00e1 velkou \u010d\u00e1st velikono\u010dn\u00edch jesli\u010dek. Uzav\u0159en\u00fd hrob lze obvykle vid\u011bt tak\u00e9 na B\u00edlou sobotu, ne\u017e se \u017eeny p\u0159ed otev\u0159en\u00fdm hrobem o Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli stanou sv\u011bdky z\u00e1zraku vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. Nechyb\u00ed ani rozhovor vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e s emauzsk\u00fdmi u\u010dedn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed jesli\u010dky tak\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e vystupuj\u00edc\u00edho do nebe. Dal\u0161\u00edmi sc\u00e9nami mohou b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e, bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, zajet\u00ed na Olivov\u00e9 ho\u0159e a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo odsouzen\u00ed. Um\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed si troufnou na pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 zrozen\u00ed, se v\u011bt\u0161inou striktn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed biblick\u00e9 p\u0159edlohy a sv\u00e9 postavy zdob\u00ed s velkou fantazi\u00ed, aby ud\u00e1losti zobrazili co nejrealisti\u010dt\u011bji.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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