{"id":276502,"date":"2025-04-16T18:11:59","date_gmt":"2025-04-16T17:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=276502"},"modified":"2025-04-16T18:11:59","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T17:11:59","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-zeleny-ctvrtek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=276502","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 tradice ho poj\u00edm\u00e1 jako p\u00e1t\u00fd den Svat\u00e9ho t\u00fddne a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 si Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovu posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i se sv\u00fdmi u\u010dedn\u00edky, jeho modlitbu v Getsemansk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zajet\u00ed. Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek (latinsky feria quinta hebdomadae sanctae) m\u00e1 b\u00fdt dnem milosrdenstv\u00ed a dar\u016f, kaj\u00edc\u00edm se h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm se odpou\u0161t\u00ed a jsou p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u011bt mezi v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed. Av\u0161ak k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 symbolika nem\u00e1 podle d\u00e1vn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f spojitost se zelenou barvou, tradice pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o pohansk\u00e9 oslav\u011b jara, probouzej\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a tak\u00e9 zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista.<\/h6>\n
…Na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek jid\u00e1\u0161e j\u00edd\u00e1me, chod\u00edme do lesa, fialky trh\u00e1me…<\/em> Jaroslav Seifert<\/h6>\n

\u201eZelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek\u201c tomuto dni \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me vlastn\u011b n\u00e1hodou. N\u00e1zev zelen\u00fd vznikl zkomolen\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu Greinendonnerstag, tedy \u201elkav\u00fd \u010dtvrtek\u201c, na Gr\u00fcnner Donnerstag, Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek. Gr\u00fcndonnerstag, kter\u00fd vznikl p\u0159ed 15. stolet\u00edm \u2013 podle Kluge-Mitzky kolem roku 1200 ve st\u0159edn\u00edm N\u011bmecku \u2013 je v z\u00e1sad\u011b omezen na n\u011bmeckou a \u010deskou jazykovou oblast a je tam jen nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spolu s n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1zvy. Druh\u00e1 teorie prav\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1zev Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek je odvozen od zelen\u00e9 louky v Getsemansk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b, na kter\u00e9 se Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 modlil po posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek b\u00fdval dnem ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed h\u0159\u00edch\u016f, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pro kaj\u00edcn\u00edky trestan\u00e9 c\u00edrkv\u00ed . V \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi ji\u017e tuto funkci nem\u00e1, zat\u00edmco v pravoslav\u00ed ji lze do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry st\u00e1le nal\u00e9zt Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st liturgick\u00e9ho roku, kter\u00e1 vyvrchol\u00ed b\u011bhem B\u00edl\u00e9 soboty. Jen m\u00e1lo dn\u00ed v roce m\u00edvalo v lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e takov\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek.<\/p>\n

Na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek ve\u010der vstupujeme do nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti liturgick\u00e9ho roku, do velikono\u010dn\u00edho tridua kter\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve\u010dern\u00ed m\u0161i na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek, pokra\u010duje na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek, vrchol\u00ed na B\u00edlou sobotu o velikono\u010dn\u00ed vigilii a Ned\u011bli zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b. Je to oslava velikono\u010dn\u00edho tajemstv\u00ed Kristova, jeho utrpen\u00ed a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. P\u0159i zp\u011bvu Gloria ve\u010dern\u00ed m\u0161e zvon\u00ed zvony, kter\u00e9 se pak na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed odml\u010d\u00ed. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee odlet\u011bly do \u0158\u00edma. Kdy\u017e zazn\u00ed zvony naposledy, zacinkejte si pen\u011bzi, aby se v\u00e1s dr\u017eely cel\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n

Od st\u0159edov\u011bku se na p\u0159ipom\u00ednku Posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e, kdy Kristus umyl nohy sv\u00fdm u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016fm, prov\u00e1d\u011bl stejn\u00fd ob\u0159ad. P\u016fvodn\u011b ho sm\u011bl konat jen pape\u017e a biskupov\u00e9 (u n\u00e1s je dolo\u017een ji\u017e za vl\u00e1dy posledn\u00edch P\u0159emyslovc\u016f), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se om\u00fdvaly nohy dvan\u00e1cti starc\u016fm, \u010dasto \u017eebr\u00e1k\u016fm, nemocn\u00fdm \u010di chrom\u00fdm. Pozd\u011bji tento ritu\u00e1l mohli vykon\u00e1val i far\u00e1\u0159i. Po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed myli kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b nohy mu\u017esk\u00e9, dnes se myj\u00ed nohy i \u017een\u00e1m. Ve\u010der se ve v\u0161ech kostelech slou\u017e\u00ed m\u0161e Posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e. Prvn\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tek je v 16:00, nejpozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve 20:00. B\u011bhem Gloria zvon\u00ed v\u0161echny zvony; pot\u00e9 ml\u010d\u00ed a\u017e do Gloria velikono\u010dn\u00ed vigilie.<\/p>\n

Je to zkr\u00e1tka den, kdy dopadne dob\u0159e v\u0161echno, do \u010deho se pust\u00edte \u2013 a na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 toho pat\u0159i\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvali. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek byste n\u011bco m\u011bli ud\u011blat na zahrad\u011b nebo na poli, proto\u017ee o to v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bude va\u0161e po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed po zbytek roku. Pe\u010dte Jid\u00e1\u0161e a hlavn\u011b s\u00e1zejte \u2013 rostlin\u00e1m zasazen\u00fdm na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek pr\u00fd neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 hav\u011b\u0165 a budou kr\u00e1sn\u011b zelen\u00e9 a \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pro spr\u00e1vnou hospody\u0148ku za\u010d\u00ednala pr\u00e1ce u\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce, kdy vymetla cel\u00fd d\u016fm a smet\u00ed vynesla za humna nebo na k\u0159i\u017eovatku, aby se v dom\u011b nedr\u017eely blechy. Neu\u0161kod\u00ed pr\u00fd ani zvon\u011bn\u00ed pali\u010dkou o hmo\u017ed\u00ed\u0159, co\u017e pr\u00fd ze staven\u00ed vy\u017eene hmyz a my\u0161i. Hezk\u00e1 zvyklost vel\u00ed, \u017ee odpoledne u\u017e by se nem\u011blo pracovat a na tal\u00ed\u0159\u00edch by cel\u00fd den m\u011bla b\u00fdt zelen\u00e1 strava jako symbol jara a zdrav\u00ed: t\u0159eba mlad\u00e9 kop\u0159ivy, zel\u00ed, \u0161pen\u00e1t, sal\u00e1t, kapusta a \u010derstv\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky.<\/p>\n

Pov\u011bst o odl\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed zvon\u016f do \u0158\u00edma na Velikonoce je v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1. V\u017edy na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek po odezn\u011bn\u00ed modlitby Sl\u00e1va na v\u00fdsostech Bohu (Gloria in excelsis Deo) zvony umlkaj\u00ed a odl\u00e9taj\u00ed do \u0158\u00edma pro po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed svat\u00e9ho otce. N\u011bkdy se tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zvony odl\u00e9taj\u00ed proto, \u017ee se boj\u00ed \u0159ehta\u010dek. Let\u00ed zcela ti\u0161e, prvn\u00ed ty nejstar\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 znaj\u00ed cestu, na konci mal\u00e9, aby se neztratily, pr\u016fvod uzav\u00edraj\u00ed Zikmund z chr\u00e1mu svat\u00e9ho V\u00edta a Marie z T\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu \u2013 velik\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 zvony, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e po l\u00e9ta slou\u017e\u00ed jako str\u00e1\u017e. V tomto pr\u016fvodu se objevuj\u00ed i n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed podivn\u00ed host\u00e9 \u2013 zvonov\u00fd kov se toti\u017e ani p\u0159i rozlit\u00ed nezbavuje povinnosti vykonat ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed pou\u0165 do \u0158\u00edma, a tak jedna pov\u011bst vypravuje, jak d\u011blost\u0159elci v bitv\u011b na Piav\u011b postr\u00e1dali o velikono\u010dn\u00ed noci sv\u00e1 d\u011bla. Kudy p\u0159esn\u011b zvony let\u00ed a jak p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed Alpy, nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, jsou ale na tomto letu ne\u00fanavn\u00ed \u2013 nen\u00ed zpr\u00e1v o tom, \u017ee by snad n\u011bkter\u00fd z nich let nevydr\u017eel nebo se cestou ztratil. Pov\u011bst ze slovensk\u00e9 Levo\u010di vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee levo\u010dsk\u00fd zvon dokonce celou cestu nesl s sebou i studenta, kter\u00fd cht\u011bl vid\u011bt \u0158\u00edm. Pokud by n\u011bkter\u00fd zvon neodl\u00e9tl, p\u0159ineslo by to obci ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e zvony dolet\u00ed, pape\u017e jim po\u017eehn\u00e1 za v\u011brn\u00e9 slu\u017eby c\u00edrkvi a zvony let\u00ed zp\u011bt. Na B\u00edlou sobotu po Gloria se vr\u00e1t\u00ed a zvon\u00ed: \u201eByl jsem tam! Byl jsem tam!\u201c Toto zvon\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 pr\u00fd kouzelnou moc \u2013 kdy\u017e hospodyn\u011b p\u0159i tomto zvon\u011bn\u00ed zamete d\u016fm, nebudou se v n\u011bm po cel\u00fd rok dr\u017eet \u0161v\u00e1bi; pokud se p\u0159i n\u011bm \u010dlov\u011bk umyje v pramenit\u00e9 vod\u011b, bude cel\u00fd rok zdr\u00e1v; ovocn\u00fdmi stromy v zahrad\u011b se m\u00e1 zat\u0159\u00e1st, aby se probudily, a rovn\u011b\u017e post\u0159\u00edkat vodou (nebo pot\u0159\u00edt \u010derstv\u011b zad\u011blan\u00fdm t\u011bstem), co\u017e jim pr\u00fd na cel\u00fd rok dod\u00e1 s\u00edlu. D\u011bti chodily po vsi a \u201ehonily Jid\u00e1\u0161e\u201c \u2013 za zvuk\u016f \u0159ehta\u010dek se obch\u00e1zela staven\u00ed, od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1valy se b\u00e1sni\u010dky o biblick\u00e9m zr\u00e1dci a koledn\u00edci za to dost\u00e1vali drobn\u00e9 mince \u010di sladkou odm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n

Z lidov\u00fdch zvyklost\u00ed v\u00edme, \u017ee tento den m\u00e1me sn\u00edst n\u011bco zelen\u00e9ho. Z k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho pohledu ale tato tradice s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm pojet\u00ed Velikonoc\u00ed nijak nesouvis\u00ed. Krom\u011b zvyk\u016f a tradic se k Zelen\u00e9mu \u010dtvrtku v\u00e1\u017eou tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 pranostiky. Jedna z nich prav\u00ed, \u017ee je-li Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek b\u00edl\u00fd, bude l\u00e9to tepl\u00e9. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee je po\u010das\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech doslova nevyzpytateln\u00e9, v\u0161ak na toto tvrzen\u00ed nelze p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 spol\u00e9hat.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> JUNGMANNOV\u00c1, Pavla. Pov\u011bsti o zvonech, zvona\u0159\u00edch, zvonic\u00edch a zvoni\u010dk\u00e1ch. \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice: Kopp, 2003. POST\u0158IHA\u010c, Anton\u00edn. Co mluv\u00ed zvony. Praha: 1917.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":343023,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/16\/ram-zeleny-ctvrtek.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=276502"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":343022,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276502\/revisions\/343022"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/343023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=276502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=276502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=276502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}