{"id":275766,"date":"2025-04-04T18:31:10","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T17:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=275766"},"modified":"2025-04-04T18:31:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T17:31:10","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-smrtna-nedele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=275766","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Smrtn\u00e1 ned\u011ble"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Klemens Richter n\u00e1zev \u201esmrteln\u00e1\u201c p\u0159ipisuje symbolice utrpen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b, symbolice, podle n\u00ed\u017e tato ned\u011ble nese sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev od st\u0159edov\u011bku, nebo\u0165 ten m\u011bl z\u00e1libu v podobenstv\u00edch a liturgick\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch. Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm smutku tohoto dne bylo odstran\u011bn\u00ed nebo zahalen\u00ed ozdob v kostele. K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee se potom odhalovaly p\u0159i bohoslu\u017eb\u011b Velk\u00e9ho p\u00e1tku, obrazy z\u016fst\u00e1valy zahaleny a\u017e do Velik\u00e9 noci.<\/h6>\n

V minulosti, stejn\u011b jako dnes, se lid\u00e9 t\u011b\u0161ili na p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed jaro. Na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 spojovali odchod zimy a p\u0159\u00edchod jara s p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi magick\u00fdmi praktikami, aby prom\u011bnu ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b pojistili. Zimu, p\u0159ipodobn\u011bnou ve slam\u011bn\u00e9m pan\u00e1kovi, vyn\u00e1\u0161ela d\u011bv\u010data za zp\u011bvu mimo obec, kde ji pustila po vod\u011b pry\u010d, aby skon\u010dila a ji\u017e se nevracela.<\/p>\n

Symbolick\u00e9 skoncov\u00e1n\u00ed s Moranou znamenalo brzk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edchod jara i zanech\u00e1n\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00fdch starost\u00ed. Morana je zn\u00e1mou postavou z\u00e1padoslovansk\u00e9ho folkl\u00f3ru. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm lidov\u00e9 tvo\u0159ivosti Morana ka\u017ed\u00fd rok o\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a jej\u00ed figur\u00edna je na konci zimy ritu\u00e1ln\u011b usmrcena, nej\u010dast\u011bji hozen\u00edm do vody. Pro star\u00e9 Slovany m\u011bl tento ritu\u00e1l d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Vynesen\u00ed Morany znamenalo uvoln\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsta jaru a obnov\u011b v\u0161eho, co na podzim ode\u0161lo.
\nVyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Morany je mo\u017en\u00e1 nejstar\u0161\u00edm jarn\u00edm slovansk\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lem. P\u00edsemn\u011b je dolo\u017een ji\u017e ve 14. stolet\u00ed a aktivn\u011b prob\u00edhal minim\u00e1ln\u011b do 19. stolet\u00ed, i p\u0159esto\u017ee se c\u00edrkev s t\u00edmto pohansk\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lem sna\u017eila skoncovat. Morana byla personifikac\u00ed zimy a p\u0159edstavovala jej\u00ed smrt. Podoba Morany se kraj od kraje li\u0161ila, ale z\u00e1klad figur\u00edny v\u011bt\u0161inou tvo\u0159ila sl\u00e1ma ovinut\u00e1 do l\u00e1tek nebo \u017eensk\u00fdch \u0161at\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jej\u00ed utopen\u00ed, ale n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 up\u00e1len\u00ed \u010di zakop\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edstavovalo skoncov\u00e1n\u00ed se zimou a uvoln\u011bn\u00ed prostoru pro nov\u00fd vegeta\u010dn\u00ed cyklus. \u010casto se s Moranou vy\u0159izovaly \u00fa\u010dty p\u00e1tou postn\u00ed ned\u011bli, lidov\u011b zvanou smrtn\u00e1 nebo tak\u00e9 smrteln\u00e1. Ve 20. stolet\u00ed se na tento zvyk pomalu zapomn\u011blo, ale v sou\u010dasnosti se znovu objevuje, a to zejm\u00e9na jako sou\u010d\u00e1st masopustn\u00ed ta\u0161ka\u0159ice. Morana u\u017e v\u0161ak nen\u00ed topena, aby se skoncovalo se zimou. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 veselice jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e uk\u00e1zkou slovansk\u00e9ho lidov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem p\u0159edstavov\u00e1no nov\u00fdm generac\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Podle polsk\u00e9ho kronik\u00e1\u0159e Jana D\u0142ugosze byla Morana obdobou antick\u00e9 bohyn\u011b Ceres. D\u0142ugoszovy z\u00e1pisky v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed odpov\u00eddat skute\u010dnosti, ale mohou b\u00fdt sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm autora, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o spojitosti s antick\u00fdm sv\u011btem. Podobn\u011b postupovali i obrozenci, kdy\u017e Moranu ztoto\u017e\u0148ovali s antickou Hekat\u00e9 \u010di Persefon\u00e9. Z\u00e1klad t\u011bchto domn\u011bnek ale vych\u00e1zel z fale\u0161n\u00fdch spis\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly podn\u00edtit z\u00e1jem o slovanskou historii a mytologii. Jm\u00e9no Morana m\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u016fvod. V pol\u0161tin\u011b je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odvozeno od ko\u0159ene -mar nebo -mor, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 smrt. V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s ozna\u010den\u00ed Morena, Ma\u0159ana, Marzena nebo Mara. Lidov\u011b i \u010cert nebo jednodu\u0161e Smrtka.<\/p>\n

Skoncov\u00e1n\u00ed s Moranou otev\u0159elo na\u0161im p\u0159edk\u016fm cestu k nov\u00e9 \u00farod\u011b. Konec zimy pro n\u011b byl d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm obdob\u00edm. Lid\u00e9 napjat\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1vali jaro a aby skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161lo, musela nejprve opustit tr\u016fn dlouh\u00e1 zima a s n\u00ed i v\u0161echny starosti lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Na\u010fa Profantov\u00e1, Martin Profant \u2013 Encyklopedie slovansk\u00fdch boh\u016f a m\u00fdt\u016f, \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt \u2013 Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho lidu. Richter, K.: Liturgie a \u017eivot, Vy\u0161ehrad, Praha 2003, s. 154-155<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Klemens <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":341771,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/03\/ram-smrtna.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275766"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=275766"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":341770,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275766\/revisions\/341770"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/341771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=275766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=275766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=275766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}