{"id":275394,"date":"2023-03-21T08:10:04","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T07:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=275394"},"modified":"2023-03-25T11:02:02","modified_gmt":"2023-03-25T10:02:02","slug":"sumava-zachrana-populace-perlorodky-ve-vltave-pokracuje-i-v-letosnim-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=275394","title":{"rendered":"N\u00c1RODN\u00cd PARK \u0160UMAVA: Z\u00e1chrana populace perlorodky ve Vltav\u011b pokra\u010duje i v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava se dlouhodob\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed zachr\u00e1nit zbytkovou populaci perlorodky \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed ve Vltavsk\u00e9m luhu. Od roku 2011 se za\u010daly p\u0159ipravovat a realizovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed projekty zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 nejen na zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu populace perlorodky ve Vltav\u011b, ale na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o \u0159ece, o chov\u00e1n\u00ed perlorodky a jej\u00edch vazb\u00e1ch na prost\u0159ed\u00ed a hostitele. Proto se o perlorodce ve spojen\u00ed s Teplou Vltavou mluv\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji. Co je tedy nov\u00e9ho?<\/h6>\n

\"\"V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce ukon\u010den\u00fd projekt \u201ePos\u00edlen\u00ed a ochrana populace perlorodky \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed v NP \u0160umava (2017 \u2013 2022)\u201c byl zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd zejm\u00e9na na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu perlorodek v \u0159ece, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality prost\u0159ed\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch m\u00edst pro v\u00fdsadky. Pokra\u010doval dlouhodob\u00fd monitoring chemismu a vodn\u00edch makrofyt, sledovaly se zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a eroze v povod\u00ed, vym\u00fd\u0161lely se metody v\u00fdb\u011bru vhodn\u00fdch lokalit pro vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed perlorodek aj. \u201eVyprodukov\u00e1no\u201c bylo v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl mili\u00f3nu jedinc\u016f perlorodek st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 0+, to znamen\u00e1 perlorodek pr\u00e1v\u011b vypadl\u00fdch ze \u017eaber hostitel\u016f. Vypu\u0161t\u011bno do pe\u010dliv\u011b vybran\u00fdch m\u00edst v \u0159ece bylo p\u0159es 2000 jedinc\u016f ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 6 \u2013 10 let.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo, \u017ee se z\u00edskalo tolik mali\u010dk\u00fdch perlorodek, je\u0161t\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je vyhr\u00e1no,\u201c<\/em> brzd\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00ed z v\u00fdsledk\u016f Eva Zelenkov\u00e1, hydrobiolo\u017eka Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava. \u201e\u00damrtnost mal\u00fdch perlorodek je obrovsk\u00e1, a p\u0159esto\u017ee se sna\u017e\u00edme chr\u00e1nit je p\u0159ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi vlivy v odchovn\u00fdch kl\u00edck\u00e1ch, tak kdy\u017e se 2% ope\u010dov\u00e1van\u00fdch perlorodek do\u017eij\u00ed v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9ho v\u011bku, pova\u017eujeme to za \u00fasp\u011bch. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na mnoha okolnostech, jsou roky p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 i nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Tepl\u00e1 Vltava je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed \u010dist\u00e1 \u0159eka, ve kter\u00e9 se opakovan\u011b prok\u00e1zaly dobr\u00e9 podm\u00ednky i pro nejmlad\u0161\u00ed a nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1dia perlorodek, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed opravdu jednu z m\u00e1la evropsk\u00fdch \u0159ek, kde m\u00e1 perlorodka dlouhodob\u011b \u0161anci na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Ale i ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u0159eky, ve spojen\u00e9 Vltav\u011b je velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro rychl\u00fd r\u016fst mlad\u00fdch perlorodek, ov\u0161em p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je rozkol\u00edsan\u00e9. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi \u00fadaji se po\u010detnost populace nem\u011bn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e d\u00edky odchov\u016fm a v\u00fdsadk\u016fm z let 1998 se a\u017e ze t\u0159etiny omladila.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdb\u011br mikrostanovi\u0161\u0165 pro vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed odchovan\u00fdch perlorodek byl prov\u00e1d\u011bn p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm expertn\u011b, proto\u017ee jsme zjistili, \u017ee pom\u011bry v jednom m\u00edst\u011b \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho dna mohou b\u00fdt velmi rychle a\u017e skokov\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00e9. A jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 vlivy, kter\u00e9 se jen velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b daj\u00ed kvantifikovat\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Jitka Hor\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1, specialista na monitoring a ekologii perlorodky. \u201eNejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fasek \u0159eky pro perlorodky se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi \u00fast\u00edm Volarsk\u00e9ho potoka a Doberskou l\u00e1vkou \u2013 tam budou i v budoucnu sm\u011brov\u00e1ny v\u00fdsadky. Je ov\u0161em d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt tak\u00e9 n\u00e1slednou kontrolu vysazen\u00fdch perlorodek, abychom zjistili, jak se perlorodk\u00e1m da\u0159\u00ed po velk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch nebo po zim\u011b.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed slabinou t\u00e9to \u0159eky je nedostatek pstru\u017e\u00edch hostitel\u016f, i kdy\u017e Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku u\u017e revitalizovala n\u011bkter\u00e9 nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtoky Tepl\u00e9 i Studen\u00e9 Vltavy, krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho i za \u00fa\u010delem podpory p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pstruha. Situace v samotn\u00e9 \u0159ece se po opakovan\u00e9m provozov\u00e1n\u00ed provizorn\u00ed protimigra\u010dn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry v profilu P\u011bkn\u00e1 tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161ila. Z \u0159eky zmizelo pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kaprovit\u00fdch ryb, kter\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9 jaro vytahovaly z Lipna.<\/p>\n

\u201eProjekt protimigra\u010dn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ve f\u00e1zi stavebn\u00edho povolen\u00ed a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se jeho realizace v roce 2024. Je to jeden z projekt\u016f Spr\u00e1vy NP\u0160, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt financov\u00e1n z Opera\u010dn\u00edho programu \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, stejn\u011b tak jako projekt \u201ePodpora populace perlorodky \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed na \u0160umav\u011b\u201c, kter\u00fd zahrnuje p\u00e9\u010di o perlorodky jak na Vltav\u011b, tak na Blanici,<\/em>\u201c dopl\u0148uje mluv\u010d\u00ed Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Jan Dvo\u0159\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Vltava a perlorodka jsou rodinn\u00fdm st\u0159\u00edbrem \u0160umavy, kter\u00e9ho je t\u0159eba si v\u00e1\u017eit a \u010das od \u010dasu p\u0159ele\u0161tit, aby z\u00e1\u0159ilo a d\u011blalo radost v\u0161em, kdo se na n\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1. \u201eVltava a perlorodka \u2013 rodinn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbro \u0160umavy\u201c je tak\u00e9 n\u00e1zev odborn\u00e9ho semin\u00e1\u0159e a ve\u010dern\u00ed besedy pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost, kter\u00e9 Spr\u00e1va NP\u0160 ve spolupr\u00e1ci s M\u011bstem Volary po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 23. b\u0159ezna v radni\u010dn\u00edm s\u00e1le ve Volarech.<\/p>\n

\u201eKdysi jsem psala vzletn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek do \u010dasopisu \u0160umava o Tepl\u00e9 Vltav\u011b. To bylo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed regulac\u00ed splouv\u00e1n\u00ed a jmenoval se \u201eTepl\u00e1 Vltava \u2013 rodinn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbro \u0160umavy\u201c. V n\u011bm jsem se sna\u017eila popsat v\u0161echny kr\u00e1sy t\u00e9to n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 \u0159eky, jej\u00ed bohatost a jedine\u010dnost. Nyn\u00ed jsem pou\u017eila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro semin\u00e1\u0159 a besedu, kter\u00e9 shrnou v\u0161e, co v\u00edme o perlorodce ve Vltav\u011b \u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Eva Zelenkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-np\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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