{"id":275288,"date":"2023-03-19T12:57:31","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T11:57:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=275288"},"modified":"2023-03-19T12:59:22","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T11:59:22","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-chudi-prosperuji-a-bohati-stradaji-zjistili-vedci-o-motylich-populacich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=275288","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Chud\u00ed prosperuj\u00ed a bohat\u00ed str\u00e1daj\u00ed; v\u011bdci o mot\u00fdl\u00edch populac\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

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P\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed o \u00fabytku a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f v Beskydech p\u0159inesl v\u00fdzkum pod veden\u00edm entomologa Martina Konvi\u010dky z Biologick\u00e9ho centra Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR. Jeho t\u00fdm v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let sledoval genetick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed populac\u00ed dvou mot\u00fdl\u016f, perle\u0165ovce prost\u0159edn\u00edho a perle\u0165ovce mace\u0161kov\u00e9ho. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee prvn\u00ed z nich se v na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee jsou jeho populace geneticky extr\u00e9mn\u011b chud\u00e9. Oproti tomu druh\u00fd, po str\u00e1nce genetick\u00e9 nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd, pat\u0159\u00ed k nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mot\u00fdl\u016fm st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdzkum, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledky otiskl presti\u017en\u00ed \u010dasopis Molecular Ecology, se za\u010dal rodit p\u0159ed v\u00edc ne\u017e deseti lety. V\u011bdci se sna\u017eili odhalit, jak velk\u00fd prostor krajiny v Evrop\u011b je t\u0159eba chr\u00e1nit, abychom pomohli velk\u00fdm a zna\u010dn\u011b pohybliv\u00fdm mot\u00fdl\u016fm, k nim\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed velc\u00ed perle\u0165ovci. Pro mot\u00fdl\u00ed drobotinu, nap\u0159\u00edklad modr\u00e1sky, sta\u010d\u00ed i drobn\u00e1 kvalitn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed, pokud je o n\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u011b pe\u010dov\u00e1no. D\u00e1le, v\u011bt\u0161ina velk\u00fdch mot\u00fdl\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad babo\u010dek, nen\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00e1, proto\u017ee d\u00edky skv\u011bl\u00fdm letov\u00fdm schopnostem v\u017edy n\u011bjak najdou vhodn\u00e1 m\u00edsta pro sv\u016fj \u017eivot. Oba perle\u0165ovci spadaj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b doprost\u0159ed. Jsou pohybliv\u00ed jako babo\u010dky, p\u0159esto z na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody rychle miz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u0161e za\u010dalo ter\u00e9nn\u00ed prax\u00ed 40 student\u016f a u\u010ditel\u016f z P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakulty Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Muzeem regionu Vala\u0161sko tr\u00e1vili letn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 oblasti Beskydy. Oba perle\u0165ovci tam ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed kv\u011btnat\u00e9 louky a pastviny, dodnes v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b tradi\u010dn\u011b udr\u017eovan\u00e9 tamn\u00edmi malozem\u011bd\u011blci. Studenti mot\u00fdly odchyt\u00e1vali a zna\u010dili, studovali jejich aktivitu a vyu\u017eit\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165. Oba druhy jsou ne\u010dekan\u011b pohybliv\u00e9, mot\u00fdl za \u017eivot hrav\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1 des\u00edtky kilometr\u016f. Kde potom jsou hranice \u201ebeskydsk\u00e9\u201c populace? To odhalila a\u017e anal\u00fdza p\u0159\u00edbuznosti populac\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b DNA. N\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch let zabralo obstar\u00e1n\u00ed DNA z mot\u00fdl\u016f z r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Karpat, od Slovenska po Srbsko, ale i z dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Evropy.<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f z ter\u00e9nu s laboratorn\u00edmi v\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee populace obou druh\u016f jsou propojeny na obrovsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, jak\u00fdm je cel\u00fd Karpatsk\u00fd oblouk. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed perle\u0165ovec prost\u0159edn\u00ed je p\u0159itom geneticky extr\u00e9mn\u011b chud\u00fd \u2013 mot\u00fdli z cel\u00e9 St\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy jsou prakticky toto\u017en\u00ed. Vym\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed perle\u0165ovec mace\u0161kov\u00fd je geneticky mnohem bohat\u0161\u00ed. \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prvn\u00edho ani vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00e9ho druhu nesouvis\u00ed s genetick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm populac\u00ed, ale se zm\u011bnami krajiny.<\/p>\n

\u201ePerle\u0165ovec prost\u0159edn\u00ed je druhem zar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edch luk, otev\u0159en\u00fdch les\u016f a les\u00edch sv\u011btlin. Dnes mu hodn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 opou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch pozemk\u016f a takov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, jako je k\u016frovcov\u00e1 kalamita v na\u0161ich les\u00edch \u2013 na vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch holin\u00e1ch nach\u00e1z\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martin Konvi\u010dka.<\/p>\n

\u201eNaopak perle\u0165ovec mace\u0161kov\u00fd pot\u0159ebuje chud\u00e9 vys\u00fdchaj\u00edc\u00ed pastviny, kde se jeho housenky vyv\u00edjej\u00ed na zjara kvetouc\u00edch violk\u00e1ch. Kousek takov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed b\u00fdval v minulosti na ka\u017ed\u00fdch vesnick\u00fdch humnech. Mot\u00fdl \u017eil v krajin\u011b sice na\u0159\u00eddko, proto ty skv\u011bl\u00e9 letov\u00e9 schopnosti, ale kousek vhodn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed na\u0161el nakonec t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude. Dne\u0161n\u00ed krajina je tak pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e1 a uniformovan\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jen v krajin\u00e1\u0159sky pestr\u00fdch odlehl\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch \u00fadol\u00edch,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Luk\u00e1\u0161 Spitzer z Muzea regionu Vala\u0161sko.<\/p>\n

\u201eTa pr\u00e1ce trvala d\u00e9le ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie, proto\u017ee propojila n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd ter\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiku a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed. I proto m\u00e1 publikace jeden\u00e1ct autor\u016f, nemluv\u011b o des\u00edtk\u00e1ch tehdej\u0161\u00edch student\u016f, bez nich\u017e by nikdy nevznikla,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Hana Konvi\u010dkov\u00e1, hlavn\u00ed autorka v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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