{"id":275197,"date":"2023-03-17T14:03:28","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T13:03:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=275197"},"modified":"2023-03-19T12:50:59","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T11:50:59","slug":"jizni-cechy-boubinsky-prales-vydal-dalsi-tajemstvi-vyskyt-vzacnych-druhu-hub-souvisi-se-zpusobem-smrti-stromu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=275197","title":{"rendered":"JI\u017dN\u00cd \u010cECHY: Boub\u00ednsk\u00fd prales vydal dal\u0161\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed. V\u00fdskyt vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch druh\u016f hub souvis\u00ed se zp\u016fsobem smrti strom\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dlouho stoj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u0161 s typick\u00fdmi dutinkami od datlovit\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Mykologov\u00e9, pedologov\u00e9, dendrochronologov\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed specialist\u00e9 zkoumaj\u00edc\u00ed spont\u00e1nn\u011b se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my, vyrazili v letech 2021 a 2022 do j\u00e1dra Boub\u00ednsk\u00e9ho pralesa. C\u00edlem jejich b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed bylo mimo jin\u00e9 zjistit, zda a jak se li\u0161\u00ed spole\u010denstva hub, os\u00eddluj\u00edc\u00ed nastojato odum\u0159el\u00e9 smrky ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011bmi, je\u017e se vyvr\u00e1tily za\u017eiva. V\u011bdeck\u00fd projekt p\u0159inesl \u0159adu p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1lezu velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch hub.<\/h6>\n

\"\"J\u00e1dro Boub\u00ednsk\u00e9ho pralesa je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 obrovskou rozmanitost\u00ed hub. Mykologov\u00e9 tu registruj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edcovku druh\u016f s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi plodnicemi, z nich\u017e stovky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Ov\u0161em ka\u017ed\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed mykologick\u00fd monitoring p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a nalezen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch, dosud zde nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch druh\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 maj\u00ed velmi mal\u00e9 plodnice a byly dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9, jin\u00e9 prvon\u00e1lezy se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ale i druh\u016f s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi plodnicemi.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1\u0161 t\u00fdm se v posledn\u00edch letech zam\u011b\u0159oval na reakci horsk\u00e9ho pralesa na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed vich\u0159ic\u00ed, po kter\u00e9m typicky n\u00e1sleduje gradace l\u00fdko\u017erouta smrkov\u00e9ho a fragmentace lesa v d\u016fsledku r\u016fzn\u00fdch managementov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jsme cht\u011bli zjistit, jak zp\u016fsob \u00famrt\u00ed stromu \u2013 nastojato odum\u0159el\u00e9 stromy versus zlomy a v\u00fdvraty \u2013 souvis\u00ed s druhov\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm houbov\u00fdch spole\u010denstev, kter\u00e9 se na kmenech vyv\u00edjej\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje d\u016fvody v\u00fdzkumu \u0159e\u0161itel projektu Pavel \u0160amonil z Odboru ekologie lesa V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Silva Tarouci pro krajinu a okrasn\u00e9 zahradnictv\u00ed v.v.i.<\/p>\n

\u201ePro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to kapitoly v\u00fdzkumu jsme vybrali celkem 60 smrkov\u00fdch kmen\u016f. Polovinu z nich tvo\u0159ily stoj\u00edc\u00ed a padl\u00e9 sou\u0161e v r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch rozkladu. Druhou skupinu reprezentovaly kmeny, kter\u00e9 se vyvr\u00e1tily za\u017eiva. Na t\u011bchto kmenech jsme podrobn\u011b prozkoumali druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed houbov\u00fdch spole\u010denstev. Na \u0161esti des\u00edtk\u00e1ch smrkov\u00fdch kmen\u016f jsme nalezli 312 druh\u016f hub, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na jednom kmeni bylo zaznamen\u00e1no a\u017e 49 druh\u016f,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje detailn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky vedouc\u00ed mykologick\u00e9 skupiny Jan B\u011b\u0165\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Co se konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch druh\u016f t\u00fd\u010de, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je znovunalezen\u00ed ikonick\u00e9ho pralesn\u00edho druhu choro\u0161e oh\u0148ovce rezavohn\u011bd\u00e9ho Phellinidium ferrugineofuscum. Jedn\u00e1 se o typick\u00fd glaci\u00e1ln\u00ed relikt, kter\u00fd se v Evrop\u011b mimo Skandin\u00e1vii, ruskou tajgu a B\u011blov\u011b\u017esk\u00fd prales do sou\u010dasnosti zachoval pouze na n\u011bkolika lokalit\u00e1ch ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poho\u0159\u00edch (Alpy, Vysok\u00e9 Tatry, \u0160umava, Novohradsk\u00e9 hory) s p\u0159irozen\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem smrku, kter\u00fd je jeho hlavn\u00ed hostitelskou d\u0159evinou.<\/p>\n

\u201eOh\u0148ovec rezavohn\u011bd\u00fd byl u n\u00e1s prvn\u011b nalezen v roce 1964 pr\u00e1v\u011b v Boub\u00ednsk\u00e9m pralese a od t\u00e9 doby zde byl pravideln\u011b evidov\u00e1n. Na posledn\u00ed n\u00e1lez z roku 1995 se v\u0161ak i p\u0159es pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed a c\u00edlen\u00e9 p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed dlouho neda\u0159ilo nav\u00e1zat. Teprve v roce 2020, po dlouh\u00e9m \u010dtvrtstolet\u00ed byl, p\u0159i c\u00edlen\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed znovu objeven, a to hned na n\u011bkolika tlej\u00edc\u00edch kmenech,\u201c<\/em> zmi\u0148uje Jan B\u011b\u0165\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

\u201eTato houba vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed barevn\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u00e9, \u010dasto v\u0161ak plo\u0161n\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 rozlit\u00e9 plodnice v r\u016fzn\u00fdch odst\u00ednech hn\u011bd\u00e9 barvy, od purpurov\u011b hn\u011bd\u00e9 v ml\u00e1d\u00ed, a\u017e po tmav\u011b \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u011b hn\u011bdou ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. A\u017e metrov\u00e9 plodnice se objevuj\u00ed na relativn\u011b tvrd\u00e9m d\u0159ev\u011b jen n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo let po p\u00e1du stromu, a na kmeni vytrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou po dobu dvou a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed let. Rozhodn\u011b se nejedn\u00e1 o atraktivn\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed houbu, je ale nesm\u00edrn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e1,\u201c<\/em> popisuje oh\u0148ovec rezavohn\u011bd\u00fd Pavel \u0160amonil.<\/p>\n

Oh\u0148ovec rezavohn\u011bd\u00fd m\u00e1 velmi specifick\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky \u2013 jeho plodnice vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b na kmenech, kter\u00e9 uschly nastojato a dlouho st\u00e1ly jako sou\u0161e. Nav\u00edc tento druh s\u00e1m o sob\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj cel\u00e9ho spole\u010denstva hub, kter\u00e9 se spolu s n\u00edm na os\u00eddlen\u00e9m kmeni vyskytuje. Kup\u0159\u00edkladu seversk\u00fd choro\u0161 Skeletocutis delicata, dal\u0161\u00ed velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd druh, kter\u00fd byl b\u011bhem tohoto v\u00fdzkumu na Boub\u00edn\u011b nalezen poprv\u00e9 mimo bore\u00e1ln\u00ed Eurasii, roste pouze na star\u00fdch plodnic\u00edch oh\u0148ovce rezavohn\u011bd\u00e9ho nebo v jejich t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti.<\/p>\n

Jmenovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady jasn\u011b dosv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je ponech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva v les\u00edch spont\u00e1nn\u00edm rozkladn\u00fdm proces\u016fm, pokud mo\u017eno v co nejpest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed struktu\u0159e. Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ substr\u00e1tu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro jin\u00e9 druhy hub.<\/p>\n

\u201eProv\u00e1zanost mezi \u017eivotn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem strom\u016f a spole\u010denstvem kolonizuj\u00edc\u00edch hub je prok\u00e1zan\u00e1. Nastojato odum\u0159el\u00e9 smrky, ponechan\u00e9 samovoln\u00e9mu rozkladu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b i p\u00e1du host\u00ed specifick\u00e9 spole\u010denstvo hub, kter\u00e9 se v\u00fdznamn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od spole\u010denstva za\u017eiva vyvr\u00e1cen\u00fdch strom\u016f. Spole\u010denstvo v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na smrky, kter\u00e9 v minulosti st\u00e1ly jako sou\u0161e, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b druhov\u011b pestr\u00e9 a slou\u017e\u00ed jako nenahraditeln\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy hub,\u201c<\/em> shrnuje specialista Jan B\u011b\u0165\u00e1k<\/p>\n

\u201eV tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b evidentn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee je rozd\u00edl, zda stoj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u0161i pok\u00e1c\u00edme nebo nech\u00e1me p\u0159irozen\u011b tl\u00edt nastojato a potom spadnout. P\u0159\u00edroda n\u00e1m jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee i r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy smrti a posmrtn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje strom\u016f d\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017eivot odli\u0161n\u00fdm druh\u016fm a cel\u00fdm spole\u010denstv\u016fm organism\u016f. R\u016fzn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy strom\u016f jsou pro cel\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m lesa obohacuj\u00edc\u00ed. Z toho d\u016fvodu se sna\u017e\u00edme nek\u00e1cet sou\u0161e na mnoha m\u00edstech \u0160umavy, nejen v Boub\u00ednsk\u00e9m pralese. Jedin\u011b tak m\u016f\u017eeme nastartovat a nechat rozvinout p\u0159irozen\u00fd v\u00fdvoj tohoto n\u00e1dhern\u00e9ho lesn\u00edho komplexu,\u201c<\/em> zakon\u010duje \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(tz-np\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: Jan B\u011b\u0165\u00e1k<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed sou\u0161e os\u00eddlen\u00e9 oh\u0148ovcem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed sou\u0161e os\u00eddlen\u00e9 oh\u0148ovcem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed sou\u0161e os\u00eddlen\u00e9 oh\u0148ovcem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Plodnice oh\u0148ovce rezavohn\u011bd\u00e9ho<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Mykologov\u00e9, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":275207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72,71],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/17\/ram-prales.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275197"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=275197"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":275205,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275197\/revisions\/275205"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/275207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=275197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=275197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=275197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}