{"id":274957,"date":"2025-03-09T12:24:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T11:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=274957"},"modified":"2025-03-09T12:25:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-09T11:25:20","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-svatek-svateho-rehore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=274957","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Na svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e, ledy pluj\u00ed do mo\u0159e, vla\u0161tovi\u010dky od mo\u0159e.<\/em><\/h4>\n
Sv\u00e1tek sv. \u0158eho\u0159e byl d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eov\u00e1n za sv\u00e1tek \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f. Pape\u017e \u0158eho\u0159 I. Byl toti\u017e ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako u\u010ditel c\u00edrkve. Z toho vych\u00e1zej\u00ed tradice pr\u016fvod\u016f \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jako ma\u0161kary ozdoben\u00e9 sl\u00e1vou proch\u00e1zeli vesnic\u00ed, zp\u00edvali a chodili na koledu.<\/h6>\n

Chlapci byly p\u0159estrojeni za \u201e\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky\u201c. M\u011bli sv\u00e9ho \u201ekapr\u00e1la\u201c \u010di \u201eprofouse\u201c, buben\u00edka a prapore\u010dn\u00edka. Buben\u00edk ohla\u0161oval p\u0159\u00edchod pr\u016fvodu. Vyzbrojeno bylo vojsko d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi \u0161avlemi, aby mohlo chr\u00e1nit \u201esvat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e\u201c, studenta a n\u011bkdy i u\u010ditele p\u0159evle\u010den\u00e9ho za biskupa. Na hlav\u011b m\u011bl \u201esvat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159\u201c biskupskou mitru, v ruce nesl biskupskou berlu. V doprovodu \u201esvat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e\u201c ob\u010das nechyb\u011bli ani and\u011bl\u00e9, p\u0159edstavovan\u00ed nejmlad\u0161\u00edmi studenty. \u201e\u0158eho\u0159ovi voj\u00e1ci\u201c p\u0159ed staven\u00edmi od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vali \u0159\u00edkanky a vyz\u00fdvali rodi\u010de, aby d\u011bti pos\u00edlali do \u0161koly. Ti se od \u201e\u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky\u201c sv\u00fdch ratolest\u00ed, jejich\u017e ruce pot\u0159ebovali na ja\u0159e na poli a v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, vykupovali moukou, kouskem \u0161peku nebo drobn\u00fdmi mincemi. Koledn\u00edci jim za v\u00fdslu\u017eku p\u0159ed odchodem sborov\u011b d\u011bkovali:<\/p>\n

Zapla\u0165 V\u00e1m to Kristus P\u00e1n<\/em>
\nv tom nebesk\u00e9m r\u00e1ji,<\/em>
\nkde svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1,<\/em>
\nP\u00e1na Boha chv\u00e1l\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako svato\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 vora\u010dky m\u011bl do staven\u00ed m\u011bli p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et hojnost, na pole \u00farodu. Koleda m\u011bla zajistit nov\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata v chl\u00e9vech i vejce, kter\u00e1 slepice m\u011bly l\u00e9pe sn\u00e1\u0161et. Svato\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 vora\u010dky souvis\u00ed i s prvn\u00ed orbou, i ta se pojila s dal\u0161\u00edmi ritu\u00e1ly, kdy sedl\u00e1k pluh i sebe kropil sv\u011bcenou vodou. \u017dehnalo se br\u00e1zd\u00e1m, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se oralo v duchu r\u010den\u00ed: \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e l\u00edn\u00fd sedl\u00e1k, kter\u00fd neo\u0159e.\u201c P\u0159i set\u00ed se zohled\u0148ovaly i f\u00e1ze M\u011bs\u00edce, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b obil\u00ed a len se vysazoval v dob\u011b, kdy M\u011bs\u00edc dor\u016fst\u00e1. \u00dapln\u011bk pak souvisel s obch\u00e1zen\u00edm oset\u00e9ho pole kolem dokola kv\u016fli s\u00edle magick\u00e9ho kruhu.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 pamatuje i na pt\u00e1ky, v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch byly za symbol pta\u010d\u00ed migrace pova\u017eov\u00e1ni \u010d\u00e1pi, ostatn\u011b jsou mezi posly jara nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Po cest\u011b dlouh\u00e9 tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f se \u010d\u00e1pi v b\u0159eznu zase usazuj\u00ed na \u010desk\u00e9 kom\u00edny v duchu b\u0159eznov\u00e9 pranostiky: \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e, \u010d\u00e1p let\u00ed p\u0159es mo\u0159e.\u201c B\u0159eznov\u00e9 pranostiky v\u0161ak nezapom\u00ednaj\u00ed ani na vla\u0161tovky, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na den Panny Marie zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 25. b\u0159ezna, jen p\u00e1r dn\u016f po term\u00ednu jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti, kdy se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201ePanny Marie zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed vla\u0161tovi\u010dek p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c Startuje tak\u00e9 tzv. mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jaro. Pokyne-li \u0158eho\u0159 hlavou, m\u00e1me tu zimu b\u00edlou. O svat\u00e9m \u0158eho\u0159i mrazy v\u0161e umo\u0159\u00ed. O svat\u00e9m \u0158eho\u0159i mrazy p\u0159ituhnou a v\u0161e mo\u0159\u00ed. Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 \u0161kod\u00ed mrazem. Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 mrazy vod\u00ed, kdy\u017e nevod\u00ed, sn\u011bhem \u0161kod\u00ed. Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 naposledy obnovuje venku ledy. Na \u0158eho\u0159e mrazy hu\u010d\u00ed a sedl\u00e1ci doma \u010du\u010d\u00ed. I kdy\u017e na \u0158eho\u0159e mnoho sn\u011bhu na poli je, jaro rychle p\u0159ijde a sn\u00edh roztaje. \u0158eho\u0159 je\u0161t\u011b nev\u00ed, ale svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 ji\u017e pov\u00ed. Na svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e \u010d\u00e1p let\u00ed p\u0159es mo\u0159e, \u017e\u00e1ba hubu otev\u0159e, ledy pluj\u00ed do mo\u0159e, \u0161elma sedl\u00e1k, kter\u00fd neo\u0159e.<\/p>\n

O zvonech a pape\u017ei \u0158eho\u0159ovi I. V roce 313, kdy bylo k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijato, za\u010dlenilo se poprv\u00e9 vyzv\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed zvon\u016f jako pozv\u00e1n\u00ed k bohoslu\u017eb\u011b. V 6. stolet\u00ed vydal pape\u017e \u0158eho\u0159 I. Velik\u00fd na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zvon\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech. Zvony r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed se v\u011b\u0161ely do zvoni\u010dek a v\u011b\u017e\u00ed kostel\u016f \u010di kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f. Vyzv\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed svol\u00e1valo v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, n\u011bkdy doprov\u00e1zelo sv\u011btsk\u00e9 radosti jako t\u0159eba oslavy nov\u00e9ho roku. Zvony zvon\u00ed ale i na poplach, p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru, povodni nebo napaden\u00ed vojskem; zvonilo se i na zahn\u00e1n\u00ed bou\u0159e. Cink\u00e1n\u00ed um\u00edr\u00e1\u010dku doprov\u00e1zelo \u010dlov\u011bka na posledn\u00ed pouti. Zvonily i p\u0159i v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech jako byly svatby.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00eddily v\u0161ak i ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot lid\u00ed, na venkov\u011b se zvonilo t\u0159ikr\u00e1t denn\u011b \u2013 r\u00e1no, p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu slunce; v poledne a ve\u010der p\u0159i z\u00e1padu slunce. Ve\u010dern\u00ed zvon\u011bn\u00ed bylo \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1no jako klek\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00edmto slovem se v\u0161ak ozna\u010dovalo i rann\u00ed zvon\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee se p\u0159i nich pokleklo k modlitb\u011b.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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