{"id":273798,"date":"2024-02-19T18:53:07","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T17:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=273798"},"modified":"2024-02-19T18:53:51","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T17:53:51","slug":"stara-sumava-svaty-matej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=273798","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201ePros\u00edm, pros\u00edm svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, n\u00e1m a\u0165 ovoce hojn\u011b dop\u0159eje, kamkoliv v zahrad\u011b hlas m\u016fj se rozleje,\u201c\u00a0<\/em><\/h6>\n

Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje je prastar\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem sv\u011btce, kter\u00fd l\u00e1me zimu, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b jarn\u00ed tepl\u00e9 paprsky a rozpou\u0161t\u00ed led a sn\u00edh minul\u00e9 zimy. Nebo taky zimy je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1 \u2013 svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj zimu trat\u00ed, kdy\u017e netrat\u00ed, obohat\u00ed. Mat\u011bj (nebo sp\u00ed\u0161 Maty\u00e1\u0161) pat\u0159il k \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu okruhu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u00fdch u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f. Kdy\u017e zem\u0159el Jid\u00e1\u0161, doplnil apo\u0161tolskou dvan\u00e1ctku. Tento v\u00fdb\u011br byl zaznamenan\u00fd v knize Skutk\u016f apo\u0161tol\u016f, kapitole 1, ver\u0161e 23-26. Podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch legend p\u016fsobil jako mision\u00e1\u0159 v Judsku a v Kolchid\u011b (dne\u0161n\u00ed Gruzii). \u00dacta ke t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9mu apo\u0161tolovi Mat\u011bjovi je tradovan\u00e1 od po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f c\u00edrkve. Na star\u00fdch ikon\u00e1ch ho najdeme s knihou nebo se sekerou v ruce. Ve star\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi mu byl zasv\u011bcen\u00fd 24. \u00fanor jako p\u0159ed\u011bl zimy a jara.<\/p>\n

Ve staro\u010desk\u00fdch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u00edch v\u011bt\u0161inou prvn\u00edm jarn\u00edm dnem byl sv\u00e1tek sv. Mat\u011bje (24. \u00fanora). Rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159i staro\u010desk\u00e9m d\u011blen\u00ed roku na osm obdob\u00ed byl den sv. Mat\u011bje prv\u00fdm dnem tzv. pozimku neboli p\u0159edja\u0159\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed doby byly: jaro (Vesna), podlet\u00ed, l\u00e9to, polet\u00ed, podzimek (podzim), p\u0159edzima a zima.<\/p>\n

Toho dne se v\u011b\u0161til zdar \u00farody, ale i \u00fasp\u011bch o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho s\u0148atku. Svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj je patronem \u00farody, ale i tesa\u0159\u016f, \u0159ezn\u00edk\u016f a \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zach\u00e1zej\u00ed se sekyrou. Dokonce je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n p\u0159i man\u017eelsk\u00e9 neplodnosti a jeho p\u0159\u00edmluva pr\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159i losov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zvykem na den sv. Mat\u011bje bylo obch\u00e1zen\u00ed zahrad p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce prov\u00e1zen\u00e9 magick\u00fdmi \u00fakony, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly ovlivnit \u00farodu. Na tento den brzy r\u00e1no obe\u0161el hospod\u00e1\u0159 v zahrad\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd strom a t\u0159\u00e1sl j\u00edm, aby byla bohat\u00e1 \u00faroda a aby se stromy probudily ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku. Lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 klepali do kmen\u016f d\u0159evem a prosili sv. Mat\u011bje, aby ochr\u00e1nil stromy p\u0159ed mrazy a zajistil tak dostatek ovoce. Mat\u011bj m\u011bl zajistit dobrou sklize\u0148, a proto tak\u00e9 na vs\u00edch d\u011bti tloukly va\u0159e\u010dkou do ovocn\u00fdch strom\u016f. V okol\u00ed P\u0159\u00edchovic lid\u00e9, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed, chodili na Mat\u011bje na boso. Symbolika bos\u00fdch nohou v sob\u011b nesla jasn\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed \u2013 zima skom\u00edr\u00e1 a p\u0159\u00edroda se probouz\u00ed k \u017eivotu. To je ostatn\u011b \u00fad\u011bl cel\u00e9ho \u00fanora, tento m\u011bs\u00edc je sice b\u00edl\u00fd a pole s\u00edl\u00ed, ale ji\u017e ze samotn\u00e9ho vzniku n\u00e1zvu m\u011bs\u00edce plyne, jak to s \u00fanorem doopravdy je \u2013 ledy na \u0159ek\u00e1ch pukaj\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se no\u0159\u00ed pod hladinu. Poslov\u00e9 jara, sn\u011b\u017eenky a krokusy, se tak\u00e9 objevuj\u00ed v \u00fanoru a pochopiteln\u011b nejv\u00edce kolem dne svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje. Zkr\u00e1tka: \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje lidsk\u00e9 srdce ok\u0159eje, slunce poz\u0159e z\u00e1v\u011bje, nad polem si sk\u0159ivan zap\u011bje.\u201c<\/p>\n

V p\u0159edve\u010der dne svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje se na vs\u00edch dodr\u017eoval je\u0161t\u011b jeden zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zvyk. Lid\u00e9 nechali venku viset ru\u010dn\u00edk a druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no z jeho stavu vyvozovali, jak\u00fd bude konec zimy. Pokud byl ru\u010dn\u00edk jen mokr\u00fd, v\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee p\u0159ijde tepl\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 jaro. Pokud ov\u0161em zmrzl, zima je\u0161t\u011b m\u011bla s jarem sv\u00e1d\u011bt dlouh\u00fd boj. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce byl ru\u010dn\u00edk promrzl\u00fd, t\u00edm chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jaro m\u011blo b\u00fdt. Ve\u010der se lid\u00e9 h\u0159\u00e1li u kamen a tak\u00e9 trochu v\u011b\u0161tili. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed l\u00edstk\u016f b\u0159e\u010d\u0165anu, kter\u00e9 se na noc vkl\u00e1daly do misky s vodou. Pokud n\u011bkter\u00fd z nich do r\u00e1na zm\u011bkl, pova\u017eovalo se to za p\u0159edzv\u011bst nemoci v rodin\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco sedl\u00e1ci chystali pluhy na pole k orb\u011b, v Praze se v tento den nebo v ned\u011bli n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed po jeho sv\u00e1tku konala prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed pou\u0165 roku \u2013 ta nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, Mat\u011bjsk\u00e1. Je prvn\u00ed nejenom v \u010cech\u00e1ch, ale snad v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.
\nSv\u00e1tek Mat\u011bje je na pranostiky bohat\u00fd a proto poj\u010fme nahl\u00e9dnout do lidov\u00e9 meteorologie na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f, co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed na dne\u0161n\u00ed den. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pranostik tohoto dne je jen obm\u011bnou jedn\u00e9 a t\u00e9 sam\u00e9 pranostiky. Svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj ledy l\u00e1me, nem\u00e1-li jich, nad\u011bl\u00e1 je. Najde-li Mat\u011bj led, sek\u00e1 ho hned; nenajde-li led, d\u011bl\u00e1 ho hned. Svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj bo\u0159\u00ed mosty, nebo je stav\u00ed. Svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj zimu trat\u00ed, kdy\u017e netrat\u00ed, obohat\u00ed. Z t\u011bchto pranostik n\u00e1m je jedno jasn\u00e9, \u017ee vyjdou jistojist\u011b v\u017edycky. K dal\u0161\u00edm pranostik\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed; Na svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, do z\u00e1v\u011bje naleje. Na svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje pije sk\u0159ivan z koleje. Jak\u00fd mr\u00e1z bude ve\u010der v noci na svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, takov\u00fd bude za 40 dn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1d. Mat\u011bja – l\u00e9ta nad\u011bja.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> SCHAUBER, Vera; SCHINDLER, Hanns Michael. Rok se svat\u00fdmi. 2. vyd. Kosteln\u00ed Vyd\u0159\u00ed: Karmelit\u00e1nsk\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00ed, 1997<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  \u201ePros\u00edm, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":298306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/19\/ram-svaty-matej.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273798"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=273798"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273798\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":298305,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273798\/revisions\/298305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/298306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=273798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=273798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=273798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}