{"id":273609,"date":"2023-02-21T19:47:22","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T18:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=273609"},"modified":"2023-02-24T14:33:20","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T13:33:20","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-experimenty-s-molekulovymi-paprsky-chteji-zmenit-zpusob-vyzkumu-aerosolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=273609","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Experimenty cht\u011bj\u00ed zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob v\u00fdzkumu aerosol\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Aerosoly maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na po\u010das\u00ed i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto velmi mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky se ov\u0161em obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b studuj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed v \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho AV \u010cR, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k tomu unik\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj CLUB a podm\u00ednky vzniku aerosol\u016f studuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed molekulov\u00fdch paprsk\u016f. D\u00edky tomu by se mohl zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob v\u00fdzkumu t\u011bchto sm\u011bs\u00ed a zp\u0159esnit t\u0159eba atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 modely.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Sm\u011bsi pevn\u00fdch nebo kapaln\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v plynu \u2013 t\u0159eba d\u00fdm, mlha \u010di opar \u2013 neboli aerosoly odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e za \u0159adu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch proces\u016f od glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fabytku ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy p\u0159es sn\u00ed\u017eenou viditelnost a\u017e po p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00famrt\u00ed ve zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch oblastech. P\u0159esto\u017ee se v\u00fdzkumu jejich vlastnost\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e v\u011bnuje zna\u010dn\u00e1 pozornost, st\u00e1le nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b prozkoum\u00e1ny, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv nap\u0159\u00edklad na p\u0159esnost model\u016f v\u00fdvoje klimatu.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci z \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR (\u00daFCH JH) studuj\u00ed klastry neboli soubory molekul (od dvou do tis\u00edc\u016f molekul) pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje CLUB (z anglick\u00e9ho \u201eCLUster Beam apparatus) v molekulov\u00fdch paprsc\u00edch. Experiment\u00e1ln\u011b tak zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, jak se jednotliv\u00e9 molekuly do klastr\u016f spojuj\u00ed. N\u00e1sledn\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed samotn\u00e9 klastry, kter\u00e9 let\u00ed izolovan\u00e9 ve vakuu, a prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed s nimi r\u016fzn\u00e9 experimenty. Studuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad, jak spolu reaguj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 molekuly v klastrech, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b k jak\u00fdm proces\u016fm doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i interakci klastr\u016f (nap\u0159. aerosol\u016f) s fotony \u010di elektrony.<\/p>\n

Experimenty up\u0159es\u0148uj\u00ed parametry atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch model\u016f<\/h6>\n

Badatel\u00e9 v jednom z experiment\u016f zji\u0161\u0165ovali, jak se na klastrech hydratovan\u00e9 kyseliny zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 molekuly, zejm\u00e9na tzv. t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a jejich zoxidovan\u00e9 analogy. Experimenty uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee po oxidaci \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b nar\u016fst\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost z\u00e1chytu na klastrech, co\u017e vede k tvorb\u011b aerosol\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n

\u201eZ\u00e1rove\u0148 se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo dopovat klastry hydratovan\u00e9 kyseliny dv\u011bma r\u016fzn\u00fdmi molekulami z\u00e1sadit\u00fdch l\u00e1tek po sob\u011b a sledovat detailn\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh acidobazick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed v t\u011bchto klastrech na molekulov\u00e9 \u00farovni. A to jsou p\u0159esn\u011b ty reakce, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch aerosolech,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Michal F\u00e1rn\u00edk, autor studie z \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ehledovou studii uve\u0159ejnil \u010dasopis The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob studia aerosol\u016f \u2013 ani v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di ani v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e<\/h6>\n

Ve v\u00fdzkumu aerosol\u016f se anal\u00fdza pomoc\u00ed molekulov\u00fdch paprsk\u016f zat\u00edm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed postupy \u010di zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed aerosol\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Badatel\u00e9 z \u00daFCH JH Akademie v\u011bd doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee techniky pou\u017eit\u00ed molekulov\u00fdch paprsk\u016f p\u0159inesou do tohoto v\u00fdzkumu nov\u00fd rozm\u011br.<\/p>\n

\u201eMy se sna\u017e\u00edme uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee tento relativn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd experiment m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout podobn\u011b detailn\u00ed vhled do aerosol\u016f jako teoretick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, kter\u00e9 se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v tomto oboru b\u011b\u017en\u011b. Experimenty v molekulov\u00fdch paprsc\u00edch tak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd most mezi teoretickou chemi\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumem aerosol\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Michal F\u00e1rn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstroj CLUB pro studium klastr\u016f molekul je sv\u011btov\u011b unik\u00e1tn\u00ed<\/h6>\n

V p\u0159\u00edstroji CLUB, kter\u00fd se ke studiu klastr\u016f pomoc\u00ed molekulov\u00fdch paprsk\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, v\u011bdci pou\u0161t\u00ed plyn mal\u00fdm otvorem do vakuov\u00e9 komory. P\u0159i pr\u016fchodu tryskou maj\u00ed molekuly tendenci se spojovat a vytv\u00e1\u0159et klastry. Ve vakuu jsou ji\u017e klastry stabiln\u00ed a lze s nimi d\u00e1le experimentovat. V\u011bdci z \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie JH v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b dok\u00e1\u017eou v aparatu\u0159e vytvo\u0159it klastry, kter\u00e9 se jak sv\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm, tak i velikost\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fdm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdm aerosol\u016fm, a proto jsou schopni sledovat na molekulov\u00e9 \u00farovni v laborato\u0159i procesy, kter\u00e9 se v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e skute\u010dn\u011b odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho lze up\u0159esnit parametry vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do r\u016fzn\u00fdch atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch model\u016f.<\/p>\n

CLUB byl p\u016fvodn\u011b postaven v Institutu Maxe Plancka v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m G\u00f6ttingenu, kde na n\u011bm Michal F\u00e1rn\u00edk pracoval b\u011bhem postdoktorandsk\u00e9ho pobytu a odkud jej v roce 2005 p\u0159evezl do Prahy. V \u00fastavu vznikla okolo p\u0159\u00edstroje nov\u00e1 experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina, kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstroj modifikovala a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila o nov\u00e9 experimenty. Sv\u011btov\u011b unik\u00e1tn\u00edm je CLUB t\u00edm, \u017ee na n\u011bm lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch experiment\u016f s klastry z\u00e1rove\u0148 v jednom molekulov\u00e9m paprsku, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch experiment\u016f.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Aerosoly <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":273610,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/21\/aerosoly.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273609"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=273609"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":273816,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273609\/revisions\/273816"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/273610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=273609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=273609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=273609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}