{"id":273551,"date":"2025-03-02T13:38:42","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T12:38:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=273551"},"modified":"2025-03-02T13:38:42","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T12:38:42","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-masopustni-utery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=273551","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Masopustn\u00ed \u00fater\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Masky na masopustn\u00edch pr\u016fvodech maj\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam a dlouhou historii. Nejhloub\u011bji do minulosti zasahuj\u00ed masky zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 p\u0159eb\u00edrali nejen zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed podobu, ale i vlastnosti. P\u0159estrojovat se nav\u00edc mohli pouze mu\u017ei…
\nDatum, odkdy masky na masopust lid\u00e9 nos\u00ed, se p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00ed. Ty nejstar\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1znamy o mask\u00e1ch poch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e z 6. stolet\u00ed, tedy z doby p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9, vlivem rekatolizace v\u0161ak vymizely. C\u00edrkev toti\u017e reje masek zakazovala.<\/h6>\n

Do ulic se tak masky op\u011bt navr\u00e1tily a\u017e ke konci 19. stolet\u00ed. D\u011blo se tomu tak d\u00edky posilov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho vlastenectv\u00ed. Pov\u011bdom\u00ed o mask\u00e1ch poch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z tohoto obdob\u00ed. V\u00ed se v\u0161ak, \u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed masky poch\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b z dob p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9. P\u0159evleky za jin\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 postavy se objevily a\u017e mnohem pozd\u011bji. Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee kdy\u017e se p\u0159evl\u00e9knou za zv\u00ed\u0159e nebo postavu, p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed jeho vlastnosti i moc. Do masek se v minulosti p\u0159evl\u00e9kali pouze mu\u017ei. \u017den\u00e1m to bylo zapov\u011bzeno. Masky p\u0159edstavovaly plodnost a smrtelnost. Ty star\u0161\u00ed poukazovaly na \u00factu k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, ty nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed parodovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 postavy a byly spojeny s jistou vzpourou v\u016f\u010di spo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9mu \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n

Masopustn\u00ed pr\u016fvod m\u011bl za \u00fakol zp\u016fsobit chaos, nepo\u0159\u00e1dek a zatan\u010dit si s d\u011bv\u010daty. N\u011bkdy se hr\u00e1vala mal\u00e1 divadeln\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed. P\u0159evl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed do kost\u00fdm\u016f a tanec nebylo bez v\u00fdznamu, spojeno to bylo s podporou plodnosti zv\u00ed\u0159at a bohatou \u00farodou na pol\u00edch. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee masopust byl spojen i s koledou, ti chud\u0161\u00ed si tak mohli tak\u00e9 trochu p\u0159ilep\u0161it. Masopustn\u00edm radov\u00e1nk\u00e1m v\u0161ak neholdovali pouze prost\u00ed lid\u00e9, obl\u00edbili si je i \u0161lechtici a panovn\u00edci. Ti v\u0161ak reji v mask\u00e1ch \u0159\u00edkali karneval. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee to byli pr\u00e1v\u011b \u010de\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy \u0161lechtic\u016f v mask\u00e1ch dostali d\u00e1le do Evropy.<\/p>\n

K nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm masopustn\u00edm mask\u00e1m dodnes pat\u0159\u00ed medv\u011bd a k\u016f\u0148. D\u00e1le pak k typick\u00fdm masopustn\u00edm mask\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 maska hejtmana, caperda (st\u0159apat\u00e1 maska s cepem), \u017eitnej, mou\u010dka, hudebn\u00edci, \u0159emesln\u00edci, kat, hasi\u010di, komin\u00edci, policajti, d\u011blost\u0159elci, husa\u0159i, Turek, \u017eenich, nev\u011bsta, smrt, laufr, kohout, \u010d\u00e1p, koza, star\u00e1 \u017eena, cik\u00e1nka, svobodn\u00e1 matka, \u0161a\u0161ek, d\u011bdek s b\u00e1bou a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. Masky se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let objevovaly a tak\u00e9 mizely. N\u011bkter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed pravideln\u011b a jin\u00e9 byly v masopustn\u00edm pr\u016fvodu pou\u017eity jen jednou. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zdroje ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee jich existuje v\u00edce ne\u017e stovka.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj lidov\u00e9 kultury je nesm\u00edrn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd, proto se i podoba, zastoupen\u00ed a funkce jednotliv\u00fdch masopustn\u00edch ma\u0161kar region od regionu li\u0161\u00ed a v \u010dase prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed. P\u0159esto masopust byl a st\u00e1le je \u010dasem nev\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00e1bavy a mo\u017enost schovat se za anonymitu ma\u0161kary uvoln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech z\u00e1bran je\u0161t\u011b umoc\u0148uje. V sou\u010dasnosti ma\u0161kary pln\u00ed hlavn\u011b funkci z\u00e1bavnou a jejich p\u016fvodn\u00ed smysl je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zapomenut, ale ani dnes neopomenou pop\u0159\u00e1t \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed a prosperitu v\u0161em p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00edm.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> HOLUB, Josef; LYER, Stanislav. Stru\u010dn\u00fd etymologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk jazyka \u010desk\u00e9ho se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm z\u0159etelem k slov\u016fm kulturn\u00edm a ciz\u00edm. Praha: SPN, 1982. Masopust. In Ott\u016fv slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd. 16. d\u00edl. Praha: J. Otto, 1900.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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