{"id":272443,"date":"2024-01-28T20:19:58","date_gmt":"2024-01-28T19:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=272443"},"modified":"2024-01-28T20:19:58","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T19:19:58","slug":"stara-sumava-hromnice-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=272443","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Hromnice"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Po\u010d\u00e1tek \u00fanora, kdy zpravidla v\u0161ude je\u0161t\u011b le\u017e\u00ed sn\u00edh, zima zd\u00e1nliv\u011b pevn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed ot\u011b\u017ee sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a slunce sice pomalu, ale jist\u011b nab\u00edr\u00e1 na sv\u00e9 s\u00edle, pat\u0159\u00ed Hromnic\u00edm. P\u0159esn\u011bji, jejich dnem je druh\u00fd \u00fanor a mohli bychom je v \u0159e\u010di na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f ozna\u010dit jako prvn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky jara.<\/h6>\n

Jeden den v roce se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 “Hromnice”. K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 tento den naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed jako sv\u00e1tek “Uveden\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b do chr\u00e1mu”. Slav\u00ed se v\u017edy \u010dty\u0159icet dn\u00ed po V\u00e1noc\u00edch a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, kdy Maria a Josef p\u0159inesli mal\u00e9ho Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e 40 dn\u00ed po jeho narozen\u00ed do chr\u00e1mu v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b, aby ho sv\u011b\u0159ili Bohu. V c\u00edrkevn\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na tento den sv\u00e1tek Uveden\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b do chr\u00e1mu. P\u016f\u00advodn\u011b to byly sv\u00e1tky dva: O\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed Panny Marie a Ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b matce skon\u010dilo \u0161estined\u011bl\u00ed (uplynulo zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159icet dn\u00ed, po kter\u00e9 byla \u017eena pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ne\u010distou), musela podle Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova z\u00e1kona p\u0159in\u00e9st ob\u011b\u0165 za o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Ob\u011btn\u00edm darem byly ber\u00e1nek a holoub\u011b. Marie s Josefem ten den poprv\u00e9 p\u0159inesli do jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt jako prvorozen\u00fd syn ob\u011btov\u00e1n Bohu, nebo z tohoto z\u00e1vazku vykoupen. Podle Luk\u00e1\u0161ova evangelia se tu potkali se starcem Simeonem a prorokyn\u00ed Annou, kte\u0159\u00ed v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi poznali o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho Mesi\u00e1\u0161e a nazvali ho \u201esv\u011btlem n\u00e1rod\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

Na pam\u00e1tku setk\u00e1n\u00ed Simeona a Anny s Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em a jeho rodinou v jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu se v kostel\u00edch \u017eehn\u00e1 sv\u011btlo, sv\u011bt\u00ed voskov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky a s roz\u017eat\u00fdmi sv\u00edcemi se kon\u00e1 ob\u0159adn\u00ed pr\u016fvod. Sv\u00ed\u010dky posv\u011bcen\u00e9 toho dne lid\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali hromni\u010dkami a u\u017e\u00edvali je doma jako ochrann\u00e9ho prost\u0159edku: p\u0159i bou\u0159i se zapalovaly a stav\u011bly na st\u016fl nebo na okno, aby do staven\u00ed neuhodilo. Od ob\u0159adu sv\u011bcen\u00ed hromni\u010dek byl sv\u00e1tek 2. \u00fanora pojmenov\u00e1n jako Den sv\u00ed\u010dek (Festum candelarum). Kdy\u017e pak byly u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny proti hromu (nebo vlastn\u011b blesku) a dostaly jm\u00e9no hromni\u010dn\u00ed, p\u0159enesl se lidov\u00fd n\u00e1zev Hromnice na cel\u00fd den i na k\u0159es\u0165anskou slavnost.<\/p>\n

Star\u0161\u00ed literatura a lidov\u00e1 tradice zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed mari\u00e1nsk\u00fd r\u00e1z sv\u00e1tku, a tak pr\u016fvod s roz\u017eat\u00fdmi sv\u00edcemi d\u0159\u00edve pat\u0159il \u017een\u00e1m. Obch\u00e1zely kolem olt\u00e1\u0159e, podobn\u011b jako p\u0159i \u00favodu rodi\u010dky. Sv\u011btlo bylo od oded\u00e1vna jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fd\u00adznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch symbol\u016f a lid\u00e9 mu p\u0159ikl\u00e1da\u00adli velkou moc. Dok\u00e1zalo v\u00edt\u011bzit nad tmou, tedy i nad zlem.
\nV\u00edra v ochrannou moc hromni\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00ed\u010dek trvala po stalet\u00ed, rozsv\u011bcovaly se p\u0159i bou\u0159i a obn\u00e1\u0161ely se kolem nemocn\u00e9ho a um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho. P\u0159ed set\u00edm pokropil hospod\u00e1\u0159 p\u0161enici sv\u011bcenou vodou a zastr\u010dil do n\u00ed roz\u017eatou hromni\u010dku, aby obil\u00ed nebylo sn\u011btiv\u00e9. Po m\u0161i obch\u00e1zel s ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00edc\u00ed a s modlitbou t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u010del\u00edn, aby ho ochr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed zlod\u011bji a v\u010dely m\u011bly hojn\u011b medu. Hromni\u010dek se u\u017e\u00edvalo i v l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch, nap\u0159. se s jejich pomoc\u00ed ulevovalo bolav\u00fdm o\u010d\u00edm. Sv\u00edce byly zdobeny obr\u00e1zky Panny Marie, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, pentli\u010dkami a kv\u011btinami a byly \u010dast\u00fdm poutn\u00edm darem.<\/p>\n

Podle na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f u\u017e z chladn\u00e9 zimy zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen ta slab\u0161\u00ed polovina a p\u0159\u00edroda se pomalu probouz\u00ed, aby uk\u00e1zala prvn\u00ed sn\u011b\u017eenky. Po\u0159ekadlo \u201ena Hromnice p\u016fl p\u00edce\u201c m\u00e1 zase hospod\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee zima nekon\u010d\u00ed a je t\u0159eba m\u00edt ten den ve stodole je\u0161t\u011b alespo\u0148 polovinu z\u00e1sob sena pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Lid\u00e9 na Hromnice d\u011blali \u00faklid nejen v dom\u011b a kolem domu, ale i ve sv\u00fdch du\u0161\u00edch. Na pap\u00edrek napsali strachy \u010di obavy z budoucnosti a pap\u00edrek sp\u00e1lili. Tento ritu\u00e1l je m\u011bl od sv\u00fdch obav po cel\u00fd rok ochr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n

Hromnicemi d\u0159\u00edve tak\u00e9 kon\u010dila v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed doba, odstrojovaly se strome\u010dky a skl\u00edzely betl\u00e9my. K n\u00e1vratu sk\u0159ivan\u016f se tak\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017ee n\u011bkolik pranostik. Podle jedn\u00e9 by m\u011bl sk\u0159ivan vrznout u\u017e na Hromnice, a to i kdyby m\u011bl zmrznout. Podle ornitolog\u016f tato pranostika poch\u00e1z\u00ed u\u017e z poloviny 15. stolet\u00ed, kdy byl u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n tzv. juli\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed 2. \u00fanor tak odpov\u00eddal dne\u0161n\u00edmu 11. 2. “Po p\u0159echodu na gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 v roce 1584 se Hromnice posunuly na sou\u010dasn\u00fd. Naplnit se neda\u0159\u00ed ani dal\u0161\u00ed pranostika, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee na svat\u00e9ho Bla\u017eeje (3. \u00fanora), pije sk\u0159ivan z koleje. Pravdiv\u00e1 ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ta, podle kter\u00e9 “v \u00fanoru kdy\u017e sk\u0159ivan zp\u00edv\u00e1, velk\u00e1 zima potom b\u00fdv\u00e1”.<\/p>\n

Dnes se hlavn\u011b soust\u0159e\u010fujeme na to, \u017ee n\u00e1m m\u011bs\u00edc \u00fanor p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed den. Zapomn\u011bli jsme na skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam sv\u00e1tku Hromnic a s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 se sv\u011btlem a del\u0161\u00edm b\u00edl\u00fdm dnem souvis\u00ed. Je to \u0161koda, proto\u017ee se n\u00e1m op\u011bt nab\u00edz\u00ed mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt spojen\u00ed s na\u0161\u00ed minulost\u00ed a odkazem p\u0159edk\u016f. I v na\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme naladit na p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed jarn\u00ed energii, kter\u00e1, bez ohledu na na\u0161e modern\u00ed v\u00fddobytky, nikam nezmizela. Jen ji nec\u00edt\u00edme, nejsme s n\u00ed ve spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> E. Ve\u010derkov\u00e1: Oby\u010deje a slavnosti v \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e, Lidov\u00e1 kultura. N\u00e1rodopisn\u00e1 encyklopedie \u010cech Moravy a Slezska<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Po\u010d\u00e1tek <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":296272,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/28\/ram-hromnice.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272443"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=272443"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":296271,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272443\/revisions\/296271"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/296272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=272443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=272443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=272443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}