{"id":272403,"date":"2023-02-01T20:02:38","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T19:02:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=272403"},"modified":"2023-02-01T20:17:34","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T19:17:34","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-teplo-nebo-chlad-nove-poznatky-oteviraji-cestu-k-novym-lecivum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=272403","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Nov\u00e9 poznatky mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu n\u00e1m otev\u00edraj\u00ed cestu k nov\u00fdm druh\u016fm l\u00e9\u010div"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Dva d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 mechanismy, kter\u00e9 objas\u0148uj\u00ed, jak p\u0159esn\u011b se v bu\u0148ce p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed informace o bolesti nebo teplu a chladu, odhalil mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum v\u011bdc\u016f z Univerzity v Lundu, na n\u011bm\u017e se pod\u00edleli experti Fyziologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR. Dvojici studi\u00ed publikoval odborn\u00fd \u010dasopis Nature Communications.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Teplotn\u011b citliv\u00e9 iontov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly (takzvan\u00e9 TRP iontov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly) jsou bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdmi molekul\u00e1rn\u00edmi senzory zapojen\u00fdmi v p\u0159enosu smyslov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f, vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed bolesti a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00e9ho vnit\u0159n\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Poruchy jejich funkce jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mnoha z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako jsou chronick\u00e1 bolest, z\u00e1n\u011bt, rakovina a r\u016fzn\u00e1 kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed, neurologick\u00e1, respira\u010dn\u00ed, ledvinov\u00e1 a metabolick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vkl\u00e1dan\u00e1 do v\u00fdvoje nov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na tyto kan\u00e1ly ale zat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nenapln\u011bn\u00e1. \u201eIontov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly TRP toti\u017e mohou b\u00fdt aktivov\u00e1ny mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdmi podn\u011bty a tento mechanismus st\u00e1le nen\u00ed zcela objasn\u011bn,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Viktorie Vlachov\u00e1 z odd\u011blen\u00ed Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 neurofyziologie Fyziologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR. \u201eNap\u0159\u00edklad zat\u00edm nejl\u00e9pe prostudovan\u00fd TRPV1 receptor je aktivov\u00e1n p\u00e1livou substanc\u00ed kapsaicinem, ale tak\u00e9 bolestiv\u00fdm teplem nad 42 \u00b0C, z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdmi medi\u00e1tory a kysel\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed na voln\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 zakon\u010den\u00ed. Teprve ned\u00e1vn\u00fd pr\u016flom v technik\u00e1ch kryoelektronov\u00e9 mikroskopie umo\u017enil p\u0159esn\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch oblast\u00ed tohoto receptoru, kde se soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed sign\u00e1ly vyvolan\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi podn\u011bty a reguluj\u00ed jeho \u010dinnost, \u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje v\u011bdkyn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dva kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 procesy, jimi\u017e teplotn\u011b citliv\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly TRP p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chemick\u00e9 a teplotn\u00ed podn\u011bty na otev\u0159en\u00ed p\u00f3ru kan\u00e1lu, se nyn\u00ed poda\u0159ilo objasnit mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu t\u00fdmu v\u011bdc\u016f veden\u00fdch Peterem M. Zygmundem z \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 Univerzity v Lundu. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci a v\u011bdkyn\u011b se pod\u00edleli na v\u00fdzkumu kritick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed TRP receptor\u016f pomoc\u00ed elektrofyziologick\u00fdch metod, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed testovat jejich reakci na chlad a teplo v kombinaci s p\u016fsoben\u00edm chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci odhalili konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00edsto, kde a jak se v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch v\u00e1\u017ee D9\u2011tetrahydrocannabiorcol (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rostlinn\u00fd kanabinoid bez psychotropn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f), kter\u00fd zde napom\u00e1h\u00e1 aktivaci jednoho z kan\u00e1l\u016f (TRPV2), jen\u017e p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed bolestiv\u00e9 podn\u011bty \u2013 kanabinoid tento p\u0159enos z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd posun ve v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159edstavuje identifikace dvou samostatn\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prop\u016fj\u010duj\u00ed jin\u00e9mu receptoru dal\u0161\u00edho druhu z iontov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f (TRPA1) citlivost na teplo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 35 \u00b0C a na chlad ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 15 \u00b0C. Studie nav\u00edc prok\u00e1zala, \u017ee teplotn\u00ed citlivost tohoto receptoru rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem z\u00e1vis\u00ed na obsahu kysl\u00edku v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, co\u017e potvrzuje \u00falohu TRPA1 jako fyziologicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho senzoru.<\/p>\n

\u201eDosa\u017een\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k pochopen\u00ed obecn\u00fdch molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch mechanism\u016f chemick\u00e9 a teplotn\u00ed aktivace kan\u00e1l\u016f rodiny TRP a naleznou vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k jejich regulaci pomoc\u00ed l\u00e9\u010div,\u201c<\/em> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam obou studi\u00ed Viktorie Vlachov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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