{"id":271063,"date":"2023-01-19T13:42:38","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T12:42:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=271063"},"modified":"2023-01-19T13:44:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T12:44:25","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-gregoriansky-choral-a-bioinformatika-vedci-odhaluji-vyvoj-slavnych-melodii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=271063","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: V\u011bdci odhaluj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj slavn\u00fdch melodi\u00ed aneb Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd chor\u00e1l a bioinformatika"},"content":{"rendered":"
Kter\u00e9 melodie gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fdch chor\u00e1l\u016f jsou skute\u010dn\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed a kter\u00e9 si lid\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed \u201edobarvili\u201c? To je jedna z mnoha ot\u00e1zek, na kter\u00e9 hled\u00e1 odpov\u011bdi nov\u00fd projekt Genome of Melody. Zam\u011b\u0159uje se na v\u00fdzkum evoluce melodi\u00ed gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho chor\u00e1lu; \u010de\u0161t\u00ed i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bdci k n\u011bmu pod veden\u00edm dr. Jana Haji\u010de z Masarykova \u00fastavu a Archivu AV \u010cR vyu\u017eij\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed algoritmy p\u016fvodn\u011b vyvinut\u00e9 pro bioinformatiku. Projekt obdr\u017eel podporu z grantov\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee Cultural Evolution Society, pro kterou poskytla prost\u0159edky presti\u017en\u00ed Templetonova nadace.<\/h6>\n

\"\"\"\"Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Evrop\u011b byl gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd chor\u00e1l v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd. Jeho nedoprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 melodie se denn\u011b zp\u00edvaly v obrovsk\u00fdch katedr\u00e1l\u00e1ch i mal\u00fdch farn\u00edch kostelech, ve m\u011bstech i odlehl\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161terech. Byl hudebn\u00edm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho \u017eivota a z\u00e1rove\u0148 slou\u017eil k p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch text\u016f nov\u00fdm generac\u00edm. Pot\u00e9, co Karel Velik\u00fd po roce 800 n. l. prosazoval standardizaci bohoslu\u017eeb ve sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, chor\u00e1l p\u0159ekro\u010dil v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b politick\u00e9 a geografick\u00e9 hranice jako posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b dodr\u017eov\u00e1na. P\u0159esto jsou melodie, je\u017e k n\u00e1m ze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch rukopis\u016f pronikly, ve skute\u010dnosti jen z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159esn\u00fdmi kopiemi.<\/p>\n

\u201eV pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed se v\u0161ak zp\u011bv st\u00e1le skryt\u011b m\u011bnil. Dokonce se rozv\u011btvil natolik, \u017ee v polovin\u011b 16. stolet\u00ed c\u00edrkev rozhodla, \u017ee gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd chor\u00e1l m\u00e1 b\u00fdt op\u011bt p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b standardizov\u00e1n,<\/em>\u201c vysv\u011btluje Jan Haji\u010d z Masarykova \u00fastavu a Archivu AV \u010cR, hlavn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161itel nov\u00e9ho projektu Genome of Melody.<\/p>\n

Prom\u011bnliv\u00fd gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd chor\u00e1l<\/h6>\n

Co se vlastn\u011b ve st\u0159edov\u011bku s chor\u00e1ln\u00edmi melodiemi d\u011blo? Jak se vyv\u00edjely, p\u0159esto\u017ee se to od nich neo\u010dek\u00e1valo? Vznikly n\u011bjak\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice? Dalo by se snad spolehliv\u011b ur\u010dit, zda melodie chor\u00e1lu zn\u00ed \u201ev\u00edce anglicky ne\u017e \u010desky\u201c? Je mo\u017en\u00e9 odli\u0161it star\u0161\u00ed melodie od nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch? Co n\u00e1m sd\u011bluj\u00ed o na\u0161em vlastn\u00edm obdob\u00ed kulturn\u00ed globalizace? Takov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky si kladou Jan Haji\u010d i Kl\u00e1ra Hedvika M\u00fchlov\u00e1, doktorandka \u00dastavu hudebn\u00ed v\u011bdy Filosofick\u00e9 fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brn\u011b. Odpov\u011bdi jim pom\u016f\u017eou hledat v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed metody.<\/p>\n

\u201eProto\u017ee se domn\u00edv\u00e1me, \u017ee melodie by se mohly p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat sv\u00e9mu soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu a kulturn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed podobn\u011b, jako se sv\u00e9mu p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata nebo rostliny, vyp\u016fj\u010d\u00edme si inspiraci z v\u011bd o \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a budeme zkoumat melodie gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho chor\u00e1lu pomoc\u00ed algoritm\u016f p\u016fvodn\u011b vyvinut\u00fdch pro bioinformatiku,\u201c<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje Jan Haji\u010d.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed m\u00e1me d\u00edky datab\u00e1zi Cantus Index pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed choralistiku k dispozici v\u00edce ne\u017e 13 000 zp\u011bvn\u00edch melodi\u00ed v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podob\u011b. Poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 liturgick\u00fdch knih z obdob\u00ed od 11. do 16. stolet\u00ed, a to z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Evropy,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Oba \u0159e\u0161itel\u00e9 budou p\u0159i realizaci projektu Genome of Melody spolupracovat s presti\u017en\u00ed Katedrou antropologie na Durham University ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kter\u00e1 jej p\u0159ijala jako \u201e\u010destn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum\u201c (Honorary Research). Projekt posiluje portfolio digit\u00e1ln\u00ed muzikologie v \u010cesk\u00e9<\/p>\n

republice p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee se posouv\u00e1 z digit\u00e1ln\u00edho zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pramen\u016f k odpov\u011bd\u00edm na v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky p\u0159\u00edmo pomoc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch metod.<\/p>\n

Screenshot z prototypu softwaru ChantLab, jen\u017e byl vyvinut v r\u00e1mci projektu \u201eStar\u00e9 m\u00fdty, nov\u00e1 fakta: \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b v centru hudebn\u00edho d\u011bn\u00ed 15. stolet\u00ed\u201c a v nov\u00e9m bude d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjen.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (av-\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kter\u00e9 melodie <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":271064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/11\/av-cr-chor\u00e1l-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271063"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=271063"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271063\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":271457,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271063\/revisions\/271457"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/271064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=271063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=271063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=271063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}