{"id":270612,"date":"2025-01-04T21:18:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-04T20:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=270612"},"modified":"2025-01-04T21:18:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-04T20:18:26","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-trikralova-obchuzka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=270612","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: T\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e1 obch\u016fzka"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Zda\u0159 v\u00e1m P\u00e1n B\u016fh mil\u00ed p\u00e1ni,<\/em>
\n\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed, po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/em>
\nv\u0161ecko dobr\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b k tomu,<\/em>
\na\u0165 p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 v tomto domu.<\/em><\/h6>\n
\nKdybychom hledali ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed nejbohat\u0161\u00ed na lidov\u00e9 tradice, zvyky a oby\u010deje, zima by to vyhr\u00e1la na cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1\u0159e. T\u0159i magick\u00e1 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsmena jmen Ka\u0161par, Melichar a Baltazar – i s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm letopo\u010dtem – se objevuj\u00ed nade dve\u0159mi u\u017e po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. T\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e1 koleda je poz\u016fstatkem obch\u016fzkov\u00fdch her, kter\u00e9 chlapci p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bli po domech. Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 koledov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e koledn\u00edci obch\u00e1zej\u00ed dom\u00e1cnosti, je v \u010desk\u00fdch m\u011bstech dolo\u017eeno u\u017e od 16. stolet\u00ed. V jind\u0159ichohradeck\u00fdch pramenech je v roce 1579 zmi\u0148ov\u00e1na t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e1 koleda \u017e\u00e1k\u016f s hv\u011bzdou, v roce 1583 pak i s d\u011b\u0165\u00e1tkem.<\/h6>\n

Prameny 17. stolet\u00ed zase dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed obch\u016fzky \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f a d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad “chod\u011bn\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00fdch zedn\u00edk\u016f a kamen\u00edk\u016f s hv\u011bzdou”. Ty\u010d se zlatou hv\u011bzdou nosili i t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 na Chodsku, Karlovarsku nebo na Velkomezi\u0159\u00ed\u010dsku. “Zpr\u00e1vy o hv\u011bzd\u011b, kter\u00e1 se dnes objevuje v rukou t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fdch koledn\u00edk\u016f, jsou zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, by\u0165 ne\u010detn\u00e9. V Sepekov\u011b u Milevska m\u011bli sklen\u011bnou hv\u011bzdu jako sv\u00edtilnu a v n\u00ed sv\u011btlo. Podobn\u011b ve Zl\u00edn\u011b se p\u0159ed polovinou 19. stolet\u00ed objevovali s osmirohou hv\u011bzdou z barevn\u00e9ho skla, v n\u00ed\u017e ho\u0159ela sv\u00ed\u010dka… V Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch nosil jeden z kr\u00e1l\u016f ty\u010d, na jej\u00edm\u017e vrcholu byla hv\u011bzda a pan\u00e1\u010dek s rolni\u010dkami. Figurka se pomoc\u00ed kliky ot\u00e1\u010dela a rolni\u010dky a n\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu zvonily,” popisuje v knize Oby\u010deje a slavnosti v \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 poch\u016fzky autorka Eva Ve\u010derkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le se podle lidov\u00e9ho pod\u00e1n\u00ed volil kr\u00e1l mazancem. Takto zvolen\u00fd kr\u00e1l podle star\u00e9ho oby\u010deje kropil staven\u00ed a psal nad dve\u0159e t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky. P\u0159i pe\u010den\u00ed mazance se do t\u011bsta p\u0159idala mince a kdo ji po rozkr\u00e1jen\u00ed na\u0161el ve sv\u00e9m kousku, stal se kr\u00e1lem. Dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1mou tradic\u00ed je obch\u016fzka duchovn\u00edho z m\u00edstn\u00edho kostela. Chod\u00ed po vesnici a obch\u00e1z\u00ed domy, aby jim po\u017eehnal. K t\u011bmto obch\u016fzk\u00e1m se v\u00e1\u017eou tak\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bry, jako t\u0159eba tato: Kdy\u017e d\u00edvka schov\u00e1 pod pr\u00e1h prsten a kn\u011bz p\u0159es n\u011bj p\u0159ejde, m\u00e1 si ho d\u00edvka d\u00e1t na noc pod pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159, a on j\u00ed v noci zjev\u00ed ve snech, kter\u00fd mu\u017e je j\u00ed souzen. M\u016f\u017eete si nechat posv\u011btit tak\u00e9 zlat\u00fd p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsek, aby v\u00e1m nosil \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch se zp\u00edvaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, kter\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 zdramatizovaly. Vznikly tak t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 hry, kter\u00e9 s oblibou p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bli studenti jezuitsk\u00fdch kolej\u00ed.Je zn\u00e1mo n\u011bkolik staro\u010desk\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fdch her. Obl\u00edben\u00e1 byla hra V\u00e1clava Franti\u0161ka Kocm\u00e1nka ze 17. stolet\u00ed Actus pobo\u017en\u00fd O narozen\u00ed Syna Bo\u017e\u00edho. Oproti koledov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdvaly hry daleko slavnostn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a konaly se na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch jevi\u0161t\u00edch. Hry m\u00edvaly n\u011bkolik \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Spojovala se v nich past\u00fd\u0159sk\u00e1 hra s n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f u Heroda a u Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka a s vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm nevi\u0148\u00e1tek v Betl\u00e9m\u011b. Nacvi\u010dit takovou hru bylo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a proto se \u010dasto lid\u00e9 spokojili s krat\u0161\u00edmi hrami d\u011bt\u00ed i dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 hr\u00e1li p\u0159i obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se p\u0159i\u0161lo ke staven\u00ed, za\u010dala se zp\u00edvat koleda, nap\u0159\u00edklad Co to znamen\u00e1 medle nov\u00e9ho. Potom hr\u00e1li koledn\u00edci n\u011bjakou kr\u00e1tkou past\u00fd\u0159skou hru s and\u011blem, kter\u00fd je vol\u00e1 do Betl\u00e9ma, aby se poklonili a obdarovali mal\u00e9ho Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka. Nakonec sezp\u00edvala t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e1 koleda, nej\u010dast\u011bji My t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 jdeme k v\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00e9 popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kolednick\u00e9 obch\u016fzky, p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodu, v\u0161ak tradice t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 koledy nep\u0159e\u010dkala v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 form\u011b obdob\u00ed socialismu a odezn\u011bla v 60. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Tradice t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fdch koledn\u00edk\u016f znovu o\u017eila a\u017e v nov\u00e9m tis\u00edcilet\u00ed d\u00edky iniciativ\u011b katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve, kter\u00e1 ov\u0161em posunula jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam od individu\u00e1ln\u00ed koledy sm\u011brem ke sb\u00edrce pro charitu a jej\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed programy, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na na pomoc rodin\u00e1m a lidem v nouzi.<\/p>\n

Dodejme je\u0161t\u011b, \u017ee t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e1 sb\u00edrka, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z na\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00e9 tradice Ka\u0161para, Melichara a Baltazara, kte\u0159\u00ed posv\u011bcenou k\u0159\u00eddou p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e9 inici\u00e1ly na dve\u0159e, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velikou finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc mnoha pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm lidem. Tedy a\u0165 i nad\u00e1le Kristus \u017eehn\u00e1 tomu domu, v n\u011bm\u017e \u017eij\u00ed \u0161t\u011bd\u0159\u00ed a velkorys\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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