{"id":269684,"date":"2023-01-01T11:57:09","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T10:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=269684"},"modified":"2023-01-01T11:59:06","modified_gmt":"2023-01-01T10:59:06","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-kukacky-si-pamatuji-hnizda-ktera-jiz-parazitovaly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=269684","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Kuka\u010dky si pamatuj\u00ed hn\u00edzda, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e parazitovaly, uk\u00e1zal v\u00fdzkum"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ned\u00e1vej v\u0161echna vejce do jednoho ko\u0161\u00edku \u2013 t\u00edmto star\u00fdm po\u0159ekadlem se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed i kuka\u010dky. Zjistil to t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR, P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakulty Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity a University of Essex. V\u00fdsledky v\u00edce ne\u017e patn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se ve hn\u00edzd\u011b r\u00e1kosn\u00edka velk\u00e9ho objevilo v\u00edce kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edch vajec, v\u017edy poch\u00e1zela od r\u016fzn\u00fdch samic.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Kuka\u010dky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hn\u00edzdn\u00ed parazity, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed vejce sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed do hn\u00edzd jin\u00fdch druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice nej\u010dast\u011bji r\u00e1kosn\u00edk\u016f velk\u00fdch. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho t\u0159et\u00edho parazitovan\u00e9ho hn\u00edzda se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se v n\u011bm objev\u00ed v\u00edce kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edch vajec.<\/p>\n

Dosud ale nebylo jist\u00e9, zda vejce poch\u00e1z\u00ed od stejn\u00e9 kuka\u010d\u010d\u00ed samice. \u201eV na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci jsme se zam\u011b\u0159ili na odhalen\u00ed faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 tento fenom\u00e9n podmi\u0148uj\u00ed. D\u00e1le jsme pomoc\u00ed genetick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz, je\u017e provedli kolegov\u00e9 z P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9ho fakulty Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity, potvrdili identitu kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edch vajec v hostitelsk\u00e9m hn\u00edzd\u011b. Data uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se ve hn\u00edzd\u011b r\u00e1kosn\u00edka velk\u00e9ho objevilo a\u017e p\u011bt kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edch vajec,v\u017edy poch\u00e1zela od r\u016fzn\u00fdch samic,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Marcel Honza z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR, hlavn\u00ed autor \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Kuka\u010dky mus\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b na\u010dasovat sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a hn\u00edzda hostitel\u016f si pamatovat<\/h6>\n

\u201eParazitov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e parazitovan\u00e9ho hn\u00edzda p\u0159edstavuje z pohledu jedince chybu. Vejce snesen\u00e9 jako druh\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed v po\u0159ad\u00ed se toti\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b l\u00edhne pozd\u011bji. A kuka\u010dka, kter\u00e1 se vyl\u00edhne jako prvn\u00ed, odstran\u00ed z\u00e1hy po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fd obsah hn\u00edzda, tedy s vejci hostitele i vejce \u010di ml\u00e1\u010fata dal\u0161\u00edch kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edch samic,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Marcel Honza. \u201eTo, \u017ee se konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed samice nesplete ve smyslu op\u011btovn\u00e9ho parazitov\u00e1n\u00ed hn\u00edzda, je dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmavou adaptac\u00ed kuka\u010dek k tomuto neobvykl\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobu rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Studie, jej\u00ed\u017e unik\u00e1tnost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v samotn\u00e9 d\u00e9lce v\u00fdzkumu, trval v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 let, p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f hostitel-parazit a je dal\u0161\u00edm kam\u00ednkem ve slo\u017eit\u00e9 mozaice tohoto syst\u00e9mu. \u201eTakto dlouhodob\u00fd a systematick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum je v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch financov\u00e1n\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch projekt\u016f ojedin\u011bl\u00fd,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Petr Proch\u00e1zka, spoluautor studie z \u00daBO AV \u010cR, kter\u00fd se na sb\u011bru dat pod\u00edl\u00ed ji\u017e od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku dlouhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. \u201eB\u011bhem 15 let jsme sesb\u00edrali data z asi 1500 hn\u00edzd r\u00e1kosn\u00edka velk\u00e9ho. D\u00edky dlouh\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b dat jsme zjistili, \u017ee k mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00e9 parazitaci hn\u00edzd doch\u00e1z\u00ed hlavn\u011b v obdob\u00edch, kdy je hn\u00edzd vhodn\u00fdch k parazitov\u00e1n\u00ed nedostatek. Kuka\u010dky toti\u017e mus\u00ed svoji parazitaci spr\u00e1vn\u011b na\u010dasovat a nakl\u00e1st vejce v dob\u011b, kdy vejce sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed samy samice hostitele. Teprve po nakladen\u00ed v\u0161ech vajec, r\u00e1kosn\u00edci jich kladou v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u011bt, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed toti\u017e samice r\u00e1kosn\u00edka vejce zah\u0159\u00edvat a v\u010das snesen\u00e9 kuka\u010d\u010d\u00ed vejce tak m\u00e1 velkou \u0161anci, \u017ee se vyl\u00edhne jako prvn\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Petr Proch\u00e1zka.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159edchoz\u00ed na\u0161e v\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee k chyb\u011b p\u0159i sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vejce, to je \u0161patn\u00e9mu na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed asi v 5 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. To jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad situace, kdy samice kuka\u010dky snesla vejce do opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho hn\u00edzda, nebo do hn\u00edzda s ji\u017e inkubovan\u00fdmi vejci \u010di ml\u00e1\u010faty,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Michal \u0160ulc z \u00daBO AV \u010cR, kter\u00fd se pod\u00edlel na sb\u011bru dat a anal\u00fdz\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u201eV souvislosti s mnohon\u00e1sobnou parazitac\u00ed bude zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 se pod\u00edvat nap\u0159. na kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edch samic. Konktr\u00e9tn\u011b kter\u00e9 podn\u011bty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k lokalizaci hostitelsk\u00fdch hn\u00edzd v prostoru a \u010dase,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Marcel Honza.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky studie byly publikov\u00e1ny v \u010dasopise Behavioral Ecology and Sociology<\/p>\n

Publikace online:<\/p>\n

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2022) 76:161 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00265-022-03270-x<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Ned\u00e1vej <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/17\/kuka\u010dky-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269684"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=269684"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":270441,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269684\/revisions\/270441"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/269685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=269684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=269684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=269684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}