{"id":269405,"date":"2025-12-10T21:15:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T20:15:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=269405"},"modified":"2025-12-13T19:35:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T18:35:37","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-adventnim-svatku-svate-lucie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=269405","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O adventn\u00edm sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9 Lucie"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V t\u011bchto \u010dasech minul\u00fdch poklidnou dobu d\u011btem zpest\u0159ovaly obch\u016fzky n\u011bkolika tajemn\u00fdch adventn\u00edch postav, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina b\u011bhem 20. stolet\u00ed vymizela. Den svat\u00e9 Lucie, tedy 13. prosinec, pova\u017eovali d\u0159\u00edve lid\u00e9 za jeden z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f p\u0159ed V\u00e1noci. N\u011bkde si dokonce tento sv\u00e1tek obl\u00edbili v\u00edce ne\u017e den svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. Podle star\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho po\u0159ekadla je svat\u00e1 Lucie kr\u00e1lovnou zimy.<\/h6>\n

V den svat\u00e9 Lucie tak\u00e9 hospodyn\u011b a hospod\u00e1\u0159i schov\u00e1vali stranou jedno poleno. Pro\u010d? V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee pokud bylo t\u00edmto polenem zatopeno v krbu o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m dnu, byl d\u016fm po cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok ochr\u00e1n\u011bn p\u0159ed \u0161kod\u011bn\u00edm \u010darod\u011bjnic \u010di zl\u00fdch duch\u016f. Ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu hospod\u00e1\u0159 maloval nad vchod do staven\u00ed t\u0159i k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky sv\u011bcenou k\u0159\u00eddou. Kdo pak p\u0159ich\u00e1zel se \u0161patn\u00fdmi \u00famysly, nemohl do domu vej\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e9 tradice t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9 Lucie vznikaly ji\u017e v 15. – 16. stolet\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve. K datu 13. 12. se vztahuje mnoho magie a pov\u011br. \u010cesk\u00fd lid pova\u017eoval Lucii za ochr\u00e1nkyni proti \u010darod\u011bjnic\u00edm a jejich rejd\u016fm. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee tento den se \u010darod\u011bjnice sch\u00e1zej\u00ed a p\u00e1chaj\u00ed \u0161kody k\u0159es\u0165an\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Den svat\u00e9 Lucie je v Evrop\u011b spojen s \u0159adou lidov\u00fdch zvyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed nejsp\u00ed\u0161 p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd p\u016fvod a souvis\u00ed se sv\u00e1tky zimn\u00edho slunovratu. Ten ve st\u0159edov\u011bku p\u0159ipadal podle juli\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e pr\u00e1v\u011b na 13. prosince. Noc se za\u010dala kr\u00e1tit a den prodlu\u017eovat. Av\u0161ak p\u0159ijet\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159e gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho se v\u0161e posunulo o 8 a\u017e 10 dn\u016f, a tud\u00ed\u017e nen\u00ed vlastn\u011b ji\u017e toto po\u0159ekadlo pravdiv\u00e9, proto\u017ee svat\u00e1 Lucie se neslav\u00ed 21. prosince, jak by to v p\u0159epo\u010dtu vych\u00e1zelo, ale ve star\u00e9m datu 13. prosince, tedy o 8 dn\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n

V ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch byla tradice \u0161esti Lucek. P\u011bt bylo b\u00edle od\u011bn\u00fdch a posledn\u00ed m\u011bla od\u011bv kn\u011bze. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 nesla jin\u00e9 n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed m\u011bla mimino, druh\u00e1 hadr a “rej\u017e\u00e1k”, t\u0159et\u00ed metlu, \u010dtvrt\u00e1 ko\u0161\u00edk s pamlsky, p\u00e1t\u00e1 mal\u00ed\u0159skou \u0161t\u011btku a \u0161est\u00e1 byl kn\u011bz. Po vstupu do obydl\u00ed ob\u0159adn\u011b pozdravily, prvn\u00ed s d\u00edt\u011btem usedla na stoli\u010dku a houpala jej, druh\u00e1 p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bla myt\u00ed podlahy, t\u0159et\u00ed metlou popoh\u00e1n\u011bla d\u011bti, aby se modlily, \u010dtvrt\u00e1 obdarovala d\u011bti, p\u00e1t\u00e1 p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bla malov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161est\u00e1, kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, vykropila obydl\u00ed za neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho modlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010casem se maskou Lucie bavily sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u00edvky a chod\u00edvaly ve skupink\u00e1ch. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech se tyto obch\u016fzky dochovaly dodnes. St\u00e1valo se, \u017ee bylo zvykem pozm\u011bnit roli Lucky. Lucky p\u0159epadaly mu\u017ee p\u0159\u00edmo v hospod\u011b u piva a potom je nat\u00edraly ho\u0159\u010dic\u00ed \u010di kolomaz\u00ed, zasyp\u00e1valy je moukou a \u0161\u0165ouchaly je va\u0159e\u010dkami. Veselej\u0161\u00ed variantou Lucie byla tradice Lucie jako hrbat\u00e9 \u017eeny s maskou na obli\u010deji a va\u0159e\u010dkou v ruce na \u0161k\u00e1dlen\u00ed ml\u00e1de\u017ee. Na P\u0159erovsku byly Lucky p\u0159evle\u010den\u00ed ml\u00e1denci, co\u017e sk\u00fdtalo velikou z\u00e1bavu.<\/p>\n

Na tento den se musely zru\u0161it ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce jako p\u0159eden\u00ed, tkan\u00ed apod. Lucie je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za patronku p\u0159adlen a \u0161vadlen, ale tak\u00e9 trest\u00e1 neposlu\u0161nost. Tkala-li n\u011bkter\u00e1 hospodyn\u011b v tento den, Lucie jej potrestala. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 nehodn\u00e9 \u017een\u011b dala velk\u00fd ko\u0161 s p\u0159adeny, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla za sv\u016fj proh\u0159e\u0161ek op\u0159\u00edst p\u0159\u00edz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00e1 pov\u011bst vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o lakotn\u00e9 selce, kter\u00e1 neuposlechla z\u00e1kaz a p\u0159edla. Najednou zabur\u00e1cel hrom a kom\u00ednem spadl do sv\u011btnice ko\u0161 pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch v\u0159eten. P\u0159adlena v\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee je mus\u00ed omotat p\u0159edivem, aby nebyla potrest\u00e1na. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u0159eteno navinula jen symbolick\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edze. Zabur\u00e1celo podruh\u00e9, zjevila se Lucie, a kdy\u017e vid\u011bla chytr\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed selky, odpustila j\u00ed trest a ko\u0161 si odnesla.<\/p>\n

Lucie kontroluj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159eden\u00ed a podobn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce nosila dlouh\u00fd d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd n\u016f\u017e, aby j\u00edm mohla rozd\u011blan\u00e9 p\u0159eden\u00ed rozcuchat. Pokud zastihla \u017eenu p\u0159i dran\u00ed, rozfoukala v\u0161echno pe\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159i p\u0159eden\u00ed j\u00ed sebrala p\u0159adeno.
\nPodle nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovan\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch Lucek v d\u00edle Jana Jakuba Ryby z roku 1804 Lucky “trestaly” d\u011bti. Nosily u sebe dlouh\u00fd n\u016f\u017e a stra\u0161ily d\u011bti, \u017ee jim rozp\u00e1\u0159ou b\u0159icho a napln\u00ed ho kroupami, pokud se nepost\u00ed na advent.<\/p>\n

Lucie je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za symbol \u010distoty a podle juli\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e (21. 12.) je to dobr\u00e9 datum na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed \u00faklid. Lucie, kter\u00e1 chodila kontrolovat, zda m\u00e1 hospodyn\u011b uklizeno, s sebou nosila peroutku nebo ko\u0161t\u011b a ve staven\u00edch vymetala pavu\u010diny.<\/p>\n

V oblastech \u0160umavy, kde d\u0159\u00edve pob\u00fdvali N\u011bmci, chod\u00edval Lutzl \u2013 \u201eknedl\u00edkov\u00fd Lutzl\u201c. Jeho \u00fakolem bylo prohledat v\u0161echny m\u00edsy, jestli nez\u016fstaly od ob\u011bda knedl\u00edky, kter\u00e9 byly pro tento den tradi\u010dn\u00edm j\u00eddlem. Lutzl u sebe nosil dlouh\u00fd velk\u00fd n\u016f\u017e. St\u00e1valo se mu v\u0161ak, \u017ee za velik\u00e9ho sm\u00edchu byl venku vypl\u00e1cen a odmaskov\u00e1n.
\nM\u00edsto Lucie chod\u00edvala v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech tak\u00e9 Perchta, nebo jinak Peruchta, kter\u00e1 byla je\u0161t\u011b stra\u0161ideln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Lucie. Byla spojov\u00e1na s pan\u00ed Perchtou z Ro\u017emberka (1429-1476), ov\u0161em ve skute\u010dnosti nem\u011bly nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Perchta byla b\u00edle od\u011bn\u00e1 s \u010dervenou zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed maskou se zuby a dlouh\u00fdm jazykem. M\u011bla n\u016f\u017e na zlobiv\u00e9 d\u011bti, \u0161kopek na krev a koudel. Obch\u00e1zela staven\u00ed jak v p\u0159edve\u010der svat\u00e9 Lucie, tak na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 tradice v den svat\u00e9 Lucie poch\u00e1z\u00ed z hornobavorsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck. To bylo v 18. stolet\u00ed zasa\u017eeno rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi z\u00e1plavami. Lid\u00e9 se v zoufalstv\u00ed pr\u00fd modlili ke svat\u00e9 Lucii a prosili ji o pomoc. A jako z\u00e1zrakem voda klesla, m\u011bsto bylo zachr\u00e1n\u011bno! Obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bsta byli svat\u00e9 Lucii velmi vd\u011b\u010dni a od t\u00e9 doby ka\u017ed\u00fd rok po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed oslavy tohoto z\u00e1zraku v den 13. prosince.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Z\u00cdBRT,\u010cen\u011bk – Den se kr\u00e1t\u00ed, noc se dlou\u017e\u00ed. Praha: Nakladatelstv\u00ed F. \u0160im\u00e1\u010dka, 1910.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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