{"id":269144,"date":"2024-12-13T19:10:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-13T18:10:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=269144"},"modified":"2024-12-13T19:10:06","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T18:10:06","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-proc-jsou-adventni-nedele-nazyvany-podle-kovu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=269144","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Pro\u010d jsou adventn\u00ed ned\u011ble naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny podle kovu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Noci jsou nekone\u010dn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 a po\u0159\u00e1d se je\u0161t\u011b malinko prodlu\u017euj\u00ed, v\u0161ude vl\u00e1dne ticho, chlad, v\u0161echen \u017eivot v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b jako kdyby se zastavil a ulo\u017eil k zimn\u00edmu sp\u00e1nku, ale obchodn\u00edci maj\u00ed svoje obchodn\u00ed ned\u011ble. Obchod je obchod! C\u00edrkevn\u00ed V\u00e1noce se slav\u00ed n\u011bkdy od 7. stolet\u00ed a jejich podoba se b\u011bhem proudu \u010dasu zna\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bnila. Jednak vlivem sekularizace a jednak d\u00edky komercionalizaci. Z obdob\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9ho k rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a pok\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159erodily ve zdroj nad\u0161en\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f obchodn\u00edk\u016f a \u010dasto stresu v\u0161ech dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, jeliko\u017e jejich spole\u010densk\u00e1 a finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnost vzr\u016fst\u00e1.<\/h6>\n

Adventn\u00ed ned\u011ble se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed podle druh\u016f kov\u016f a dle u\u0161lechtilosti dan\u00e9ho kovu m\u016f\u017eeme rozli\u0161it, jak moc jsme bl\u00edzko \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9mu dni. Asi m\u00e1lokter\u00fd z prodejc\u016f v\u0161ak v\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1zvy adventn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00ed podle kov\u016f, kter\u00e9 si v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b spoj\u00ed s p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm sh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00edm d\u00e1rk\u016f, zavedli jejich prvorepublikov\u00ed p\u0159edch\u016fdci. V minulosti byla p\u0159ed V\u00e1nocemi v\u017edy \u201est\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 ned\u011ble\u201c a \u201ezlat\u00e1 ned\u011ble\u201c. Tyto n\u00e1kupn\u00ed ned\u011ble byly pro pracuj\u00edc\u00ed jednou z m\u00e1la p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, jak z\u00edskat v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1rky pro sv\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Novodob\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed adventn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00ed (zlat\u00e1, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1) z\u0159ejm\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z dob prvn\u00ed republiky a bylo p\u0159evzato z n\u011bmecky hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Nejv\u00edce bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno hlavn\u011b mezi pra\u017esk\u00fdmi a \u017eidovsk\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edky. Flaj\u0161hans, je toto pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed posledn\u00ed ned\u011ble p\u0159ed \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem, jako\u017eto dne, v n\u011bm\u017e se hojn\u011b kupuje, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno v mluv\u011b obchodn\u00edk\u016f, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u017eidovsk\u00fdch. Vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zvy (n\u011bmecky Silberner und Goldener Sonntag) poch\u00e1z\u00ed od zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f obchod\u016f v doty\u010dn\u00e9 ned\u011bli. V ryze \u010desk\u00fdch kraj\u00edch se d\u0159\u00edve takov\u00e9to ozna\u010den\u00ed adventn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00ed v\u016fbec nepou\u017e\u00edvalo.<\/p>\n

V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b nav\u00edc u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed prvn\u00ed a druh\u00e9 adventn\u00ed ned\u011ble jako \u017eelezn\u00e9 a bronzov\u00e9 (\u010di ojedin\u011ble m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9) ned\u011ble je nov\u011b um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e9, ale pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 i v N\u011bmecku. Tato tradice tak m\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b mlad\u00e9 ko\u0159eny. Podle etnolog\u016f a historik\u016f se ozna\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00ed podle kov\u016f v \u010cesku v\u017eilo d\u00edky reklam\u011b velk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch dom\u016f za prvn\u00ed republiky. Bronzov\u00e1, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 a zlat\u00e1 ned\u011ble – t\u0159et\u00ed, druh\u00e1 a prvn\u00ed p\u0159ed V\u00e1nocemi – jako by symbolizovaly stup\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1kupn\u00ed \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed. Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, kdy se n\u011bco stane zvykem. \u201e\u010clov\u011bk \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 ironicky, po dvou letech je n\u011bco star\u00fd zvyk, po t\u0159ech letech prastar\u00fd.\u201c Rostouc\u00ed cena kovu upozor\u0148uje na bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den a varuje ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1kup d\u00e1rk\u016f a\u017e na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli.<\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednka o zlat\u00e9 ned\u011bli se najde na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u00dastavu pro jazyk \u010desk\u00fd, a to v \u010dasopisu Na\u0161e \u0159e\u010d \u010d\u00edslo 2 z roku 1926, kde je zve\u0159ejn\u011bn dotaz:<\/strong>
\n\u201eTak jsme \u010dtli loni o v\u00e1noc\u00edch n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t v novin\u00e1ch jako pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed posledn\u00ed ned\u011ble p\u0159ed \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem (na p\u0159. v R\u00e1nu 28. pros. 1925). Pokud na\u0161e pam\u011b\u0165 sah\u00e1, ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1valo se tak; byli bychom r\u00e1di, kdyby n\u00e1m n\u011bkdo pov\u011bd\u011bl, kde se tak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 po \u010desku nebo po slovensku, \u010di kde se to jm\u00e9no vzalo.\u201c<\/em>
\nV tomt\u00e9\u017e \u010dasopisu v \u010d\u00edsle 3 z roku 1926 je pak odpov\u011b\u010f na tento dotaz:<\/strong>
\n\u201eJak n\u00e1s pou\u010duje prof. Flaj\u0161hans, je toto pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed posledn\u00ed ned\u011ble p\u0159ed \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem, jako\u017eto dne, v n\u011bm\u017e se hojn\u011b kupuje, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno v mluv\u011b pra\u017esk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edk\u016f, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u017eidovsk\u00fdch. Ned\u011bli p\u0159ed zlatou \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u201ast\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1\u2018.\u201c<\/em>
\nA dal\u0161\u00ed up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed je v \u010d\u00edsle 6 z t\u00e9ho\u017e roku:<\/strong>
\n\u201eP. Jul. Sedl\u00e1k, vrch. po\u0161t. adjunkt v \u0160ternberku na Mor., jen\u017e ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let \u017eije v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u00edstech, zn\u00e1 odtud jm\u00e9no \u201aGoldener Sonntag\u2018 o posledn\u00ed ned\u011bli p\u0159ed \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem; jm\u00e9no to poch\u00e1z\u00ed i podle jeho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed od dobr\u00fdch obchod\u016f, je\u017e v ten den obchodn\u00edci m\u00edvaj\u00ed nebo aspo\u0148 m\u00edvali. Soud\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e9 pra\u017esk\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to ned\u011ble \u201aZlatou\u2018 je p\u016fvodu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho, a m\u00e1 asi pravdu. S\u00e1m je rod\u00e1k z Nov\u00e9 \u0158\u00ed\u0161e u Tel\u010de, z kraje \u010dist\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho, a nikdy tam o \u201aZlat\u00e9 ned\u011bli\u2018 nesl\u00fdchal.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed V\u00e1noce po v\u00e1lce ilustruj\u00ed bez\u00fat\u011b\u0161nou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00eddu. Ji\u017e na konci 19. stolet\u00ed se \u201eZlat\u00e1\u201c ned\u011ble vyvinula v desetiletou instituci obchodn\u00edho \u017eivota. Za prvn\u00ed republiky bylo zru\u0161eno na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o ned\u011bln\u00edm klidu na ned\u011bli p\u0159ed V\u00e1noci. \u017divnost tak sm\u011bla podnikat do 19 hodin. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159ibyla jako n\u00e1kupn\u00ed ned\u011ble \u201eSt\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1\u201c, t\u0159et\u00ed ned\u011ble adventn\u00ed. Tisk 20. prosince 1945 nadepsal titulek: \u201eOmezen\u00fd v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed humbuk \u2013 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zlat\u00e1 ned\u011ble\u201c a z\u00e1v\u011br: \u201eKdo bude cht\u00edt letos n\u011bco koupit sv\u00fdm bl\u00edzk\u00fdm, bude m\u00edt velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m v\u016fbec d\u00e1rek naj\u00edt.\u201c Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 minimum zbo\u017e\u00ed: \u201eZatem\u0148ovac\u00ed \u017ealuzie, kter\u00e9 zbyly z v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch dob, vypadaj\u00ed origin\u00e1ln\u011b. Jsou zdobeny malovan\u00fdmi arabeskami a dal\u0161\u00edmi dekoracemi, ale co m\u00e1te d\u011blat s touto rekvizitou?<\/p>\n

Pokud se chceme zti\u0161it a pro\u017e\u00edt tuto dobu duchovn\u011b, pak n\u00e1s tyto adventn\u00ed ned\u011ble vyb\u00edzej\u00ed, abychom vzali v\u00e1\u017en\u011b fakt, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot jednou skon\u010d\u00ed a budeme muset vydat \u00fa\u010det. Nen\u00ed to ale doba pok\u00e1n\u00ed nebo strachu, naopak, advent je oslavou ud\u00e1losti, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 Stvo\u0159itel z l\u00e1sky ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku p\u0159i\u0161el mezi n\u00e1s, a na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b tak\u00e9 radostn\u00fdm o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme ch\u00e1pat jako touhu, vol\u00e1n\u00ed po zachra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Noci <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":331611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/13\/ram-podle-kovu.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269144"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=269144"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":331612,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269144\/revisions\/331612"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/331611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=269144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=269144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=269144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}