{"id":268638,"date":"2025-12-01T15:50:44","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T14:50:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=268638"},"modified":"2025-12-01T15:50:44","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T14:50:44","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-svate-barbore-v-dobe-adventni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=268638","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O svat\u00e9 Barbo\u0159e v dob\u011b adventn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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My t\u0159i Barborky jsme,<\/em>
\nz dalek\u00e9 zem\u011b jdeme<\/em>
\na d\u00e1rky v\u00e1m neseme.<\/em>
\nNeseme, neseme, velice to kr\u00e1sn\u00e9,<\/em>
\nkdo se s n\u00e1mi modlit bude, tomu je d\u00e1me,<\/em>
\na kdo nebude, tomu hodn\u011b nalup\u00e1me.<\/em><\/p>\n

Historik a n\u00e1rodopisec \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt si st\u011b\u017eoval u\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed. Ve sv\u00fdch Vesel\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch v \u017eivot\u011b lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/h6>\n

Barborky symbolizuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchod nov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla v podob\u011b Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, spjaty jsou i se zimn\u00edm slunovratem a jsou p\u0159\u00edslibem jara. A\u010dkoli sv\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 nejsou spojen\u00e9 s d\u00e1rky, se \u010dasto rychle vytr\u00e1cej\u00ed z pov\u011bdom\u00ed lid\u00ed, tento sv\u00e1tek z\u016fstal dodnes na vesnic\u00edch i ve m\u011bstech.<\/p>\n

“Jak na\u0161e lidov\u00e9 hry dramatick\u00e9 rychle hynou, toho d\u016fkazem jsou mimo jin\u00e9 t\u00e9\u017e hry se sv. Barborou. Je\u0161t\u011b na po\u010d\u00e1tku druh\u00e9 polovice 19. stolet\u00ed provozovaly se dramatick\u00e9 hry se sv. \u0158eho\u0159em, se sv. Luci\u00ed, Barborou, Dorotou atd. v ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u011bdin\u011b. Lidov\u00ed herci nevynechali ani odlehl\u00fdch samot, jako mysliven, h\u00e1joven, ml\u00fdn\u016f a chalup. Ve spoust\u00e1ch sn\u011bhu ub\u00edrali se \u010dastokr\u00e1t od d\u011bdiny k d\u011bdin\u011b a kamkoli vkro\u010dili, v\u0161ude byli r\u00e1di vid\u011bni. … Dnes ov\u0161em jinak! Modern\u00ed doba dolehla i na starobyl\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje. Lidov\u00e9 hry staly se \u010dasem ji\u017e jen \u0159emeslem, \u017eebr\u00e1n\u00edm a obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm lid\u00ed, a proto ch\u00fdlily se rychle ke sv\u00e9mu z\u00e1niku. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkaz, jak tyto lidov\u00e9 hry n\u00e1padn\u011b rychle miz\u00ed, pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed obch\u016fzky se sv. Barborou.”<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 to ani nev\u00edte, ale \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btvi\u010dek nebylo zdaleka jedinou tradic\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se v minulosti v\u00e1zala ke sv\u00e1tku sv. Barbory. Naopak, k tomuto dni se jich v\u00e1\u017ee opravdu hodn\u011b. Na\u0161i p\u0159edci je s radost\u00ed dodr\u017eovali a tento den pro n\u011b b\u00fdval velkou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, dnes u\u017e v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina zvyklost\u00ed upadla v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zvyky v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159ekvap\u00ed! Dnes u\u017e nad\u00edlky nos\u00ed d\u011btem v p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e, pr\u00e1v\u011b on v doprovodu \u010derta a and\u011bla. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u00edm v\u0161ak do domov\u016f mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed zav\u00edtala pr\u00e1v\u011b Barbora, patronka d\u011bt\u00ed v nesn\u00e1z\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Jednat se m\u011blo o tajemnou d\u00e1mu, kterou jen tak n\u011bkdo nemohl zahl\u00e9dnout. Maminky 4. prosince poslaly sv\u00e9 d\u011bti na chv\u00edli ven nebo pro n\u011bco do sklepa a mezit\u00edm zap\u00e1lily sv\u00ed\u010dku. Kolem n\u00ed rozm\u00edstily cukrov\u00ed, jablka a o\u0159echy a kdy\u017e cht\u011bly potomk\u016fm nazna\u010dit, \u017ee by se m\u011bli chovat l\u00e9pe, i n\u011bjak\u00e9 to uhl\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch se sv\u00e1tek slavil pomoc\u00ed pun\u010dochy za oknem, kter\u00e1 se z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u011b naplnila dobrotami.<\/p>\n

Jinde zase chod\u00edvalo Barborek hned n\u011bkolik a byly z masa a kost\u00ed. Tato tradice se dodr\u017eovala hlavn\u011b na vesnic\u00edch. Mlad\u00e9 d\u00edvky se obl\u00e9kly do b\u00edl\u00fdch \u0161at\u016f, rouch \u010di prost\u011bradel, v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159ep\u00e1san\u00fdch rudou stuhou, rozpustily si vlasy a z\u010desaly si je p\u0159es obli\u010dej. Na hlav\u00e1ch nosily zelen\u00e9 v\u011bnce, zvone\u010dky nebo r\u016fzn\u00e9 korunky. P\u0159es obli\u010dej mohly m\u00edt i b\u00edl\u00fd z\u00e1voj. Podle legendy je na zem ses\u00edlal svat\u00fd Petr z nebe po zlat\u00e9m provaze.
\nD\u00edvky chodily nej\u010dast\u011bji ve dvojic\u00edch nebo trojic\u00edch, mohlo jich v\u0161ak b\u00fdt klidn\u011b i v\u00edce. Spole\u010dn\u011b obch\u00e1zely vesnici, \u0161eptaly \u201cmulisi, mulisi\u201d (modli se, modli se) a \u0159\u00edkaly speci\u00e1ln\u00ed koledy a \u0159\u00edkanky.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm domem cinkaly zvone\u010dky, metlou zabouchaly na okno a bez vyzv\u00e1n\u00ed vstupovaly dovnit\u0159. S sebou nosily ko\u0161\u00edky pln\u00e9 jablek, o\u0159ech\u016f, cukrov\u00ed ve tvaru srd\u00ed\u010dek a speci\u00e1ln\u00edho pe\u010diva, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edkalo barborky \u010di faulky. Dobroty rozd\u00e1valy d\u011btem. Na ty, kter\u00e9 podle rodi\u010d\u016f zlobily, m\u011bly p\u0159ipravenou metlu z v\u011btvi\u010dek, kterou jim pohrozily. Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee chr\u00e1n\u00ed rodinu p\u0159ed n\u00e1hlou smrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u017edy\u0165 i kdyby v\u0161echny podivuhodn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s \u00factou sv. Barbory nebyly historick\u00e9, k obdivu by sta\u010dila jedin\u00e1 skute\u010dnost: mlad\u00e1 d\u00edvka hledala pravdu ve studiu a pro svou v\u00edru byla ochotna polo\u017eit sv\u016fj \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Z\u00cdBRT \u010cen\u011bk – Den se kr\u00e1t\u00ed, noc se dlou\u017e\u00ed … Praha: \u0160im\u00e1\u010dek, 1910. 75 s. [O \u201echozen\u00ed se sv. Barborou” viz str. 22\u201332; zde i obr\u00e1zky Barborek a hra o sv. Barbo\u0159e.]
\nOtt\u016fv slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd: ilustrovan\u00e1 encyklopedie obecn\u00fdch v\u011bdomost\u00ed. 3. d\u00edl. V Praze: J. Otto, 1890.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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