{"id":268337,"date":"2025-11-28T22:24:38","date_gmt":"2025-11-28T21:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=268337"},"modified":"2025-11-28T22:25:14","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T21:25:14","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-adventnich-jarmarcich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=268337","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O adventn\u00edch jarmarc\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201eD\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch \u0161avli\u010dek v d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch pochv\u00e1ch, takov\u00fdch t\u00e9\u017e flinti\u010dek, patronta\u0161ek z \u010dern\u00e9ho leskl\u00e9ho pap\u00edru, pap\u00edrov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1k \u2013 kdo\u017e vyjmenuje v\u0161echny ty drobotiny, nad nimi\u017e od r\u00e1na do ve\u010dera st\u00e1valy skupiny d\u011bt\u00ed s vyvalen\u00fdma o\u010dima, s ne\u00fakojnou dychtivost\u00ed v srdc\u00edch, s nesm\u00edrnou l\u00edtost\u00ed, kdy\u017e maminka nebo tat\u00ednek \u0161li nev\u0161\u00edmav\u011b mimo, anebo jen zabru\u010deli: \u201eTo je drah\u00e9, holenku!\u201c \u2013 A ta velik\u00e1, ho\u0159k\u00e1 zklam\u00e1n\u00ed drobn\u00fdch t\u011bch du\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 nenad\u011blil, co si p\u0159\u00e1ly.\u201c<\/h6>\n

Adventn\u00ed trhy p\u0159edstavovaly tak\u00e9 jakousi v\u00fdznamnou spole\u010denskou ud\u00e1lost. Tuto funkci ostatn\u011b pln\u00ed dodnes. Jak to na takov\u00e9m v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm trhu vypad\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti, to snad ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed. Napadlo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, jak\u00e9 byly v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trhy v minulosti? A zda v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trhy kdysi v\u016fbec byly?<\/p>\n

Tradice adventn\u00edch trh\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e z dob st\u0159edov\u011bku. Prvn\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trhy se konaly na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Rakouska a N\u011bmecka. Z t\u011bchto oblast\u00ed se pak tradice jejich kon\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku za\u010d\u00ednaly trhy druhou ned\u011bli p\u0159ed \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem, trvaly tedy po dobu pouh\u00fdch dvou t\u00fddn\u016f.
\nZ\u0159ejm\u011b v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trhy se po\u0159\u00e1daly ve V\u00eddni v roce 1294. Mezi nejstar\u0161\u00ed trhy pak pat\u0159\u00ed i ty budy\u0161\u00ednsk\u00e9 z roku 1384 nebo dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fansk\u00e9 z roku 1434. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto tehdy tyto trhy po\u0159\u00e1dalo, proto\u017ee z nich m\u011blo zna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy. M\u00edstn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci i \u0159emesln\u00edci zde tak\u00e9 mohli prodat p\u011bstovan\u00e9 plodiny nebo sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. Ok\u00e1zal\u00e9 adventn\u00ed trhy se od st\u0159edov\u011bku konaly v Berl\u00edn\u011b, Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanech, Petrohrad\u011b, Lond\u00fdn\u011b \u010di Dijonu.<\/p>\n

Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku m\u011bly adventn\u00ed trhy ryze praktickou funkci \u2013 lid\u00e9 si zde mohli koupit z\u00e1soby na zimu a tepl\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed. Z p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramen\u016f v\u00edme, \u017ee na takov\u00fdch trz\u00edch byla k dost\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159eba husa, oble\u010den\u00ed, cukrov\u00ed, pe\u010divo nebo i ko\u0148sk\u00fd postroj. Podobn\u00e9 v\u011bci se pak prod\u00e1valy a\u017e do po\u010d\u00e1tku minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed adventn\u00edch trh\u016f byly v minulosti betl\u00e9my. V ka\u017ed\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti musely b\u00fdt o V\u00e1noc\u00edch jesli\u010dky, a proto byly na trz\u00edch k dost\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 figurky nebo cel\u00e9 betl\u00e9mky.<\/p>\n

Podle tradice m\u011bla ka\u017ed\u00fd rok jesli\u010dky obohatit jedna figurka, a ty se tak staly obl\u00edben\u00fdm prod\u00e1van\u00fdm artiklem. Toto pravidlo se v na\u0161em prost\u0159ed\u00ed dodr\u017eovalo a\u017e do 19. stolet\u00ed. Na rync\u00edch toti\u017e p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bli sv\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed kejkl\u00ed\u0159i, \u017eongl\u00e9\u0159i, akrobat\u00e9 i muzikanti, ale nejrad\u011bji m\u011bli tehdej\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, jak m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 tak chud\u00ed, sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 i d\u011bti, vystoupen\u00ed pouli\u010dn\u00edch zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f. Ji\u017e ve st\u0159edov\u011bku se na ulic\u00edch a n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edch b\u011bhem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch trh\u016f zp\u00edvaly p\u00edsn\u011b. Nejen n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 sv\u011btsk\u00e9, lidov\u00e9, dokonce i sladkoboln\u00e9 skladby, kter\u00e9 nebylo v\u016fbec snadn\u00e9 si zapamatovat. B\u011bhem zp\u011bvu zp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ukazoval h\u016flkou na obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 byly zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00edm textu p\u00edsni\u010dky.
\nRovn\u011b\u017e byly k dispozici ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 texty zp\u00edvan\u00fdch balad, kter\u00e9 si lid\u00e9 mohli koupit a zp\u00edvat. Takov\u00e9 zp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neobe\u0161lo bez hudebn\u00edk\u016f. Ti ze za\u010d\u00e1tku hr\u00e1vali na harfu. Pozd\u011bji ji nahradily sp\u00ed\u0161 fla\u0161inety.<\/p>\n

Zp\u011bv\u00e1ci a velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed st\u00e1nk\u016f, a zbo\u017e\u00ed nebyly jedin\u00fdm l\u00e1kadlem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch trh\u016f. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed i st\u0159elnice a \u201esv\u011btov\u00e1\u201c muzea, kter\u00e1 se v dob\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed a z\u0159ejm\u011b i v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed objevovaly. Nebyly to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b takov\u00e1 muzea, jak\u00e1 zn\u00e1me dnes. Jednalo se nap\u0159\u00edklad o lv\u00ed a slon\u00ed mu\u017ee, mo\u0159skou pannu, \u010di jasnovidku, kter\u00e1 se pochopiteln\u011b nikdy nepletla. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho trhu rovn\u011b\u017e mohli sledovat tragedii o doktoru Faustovi, je\u017e upsal du\u0161i \u010dertu. Tu hr\u00e1la loutkov\u00e1 divadla. Na\u0161la se i loutkov\u00e1 divad\u00e9lka, u kter\u00fdch st\u00e1ly jesli\u010dky a herci hr\u00e1li p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka i o klan\u011bn\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Takhle n\u011bjak to vypadalo kdysi na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch trz\u00edch. Jist\u011b si stejn\u011b jako j\u00e1 kladete ot\u00e1zku, zda se na t\u011bchto trz\u00edch prod\u00e1valo i v\u00edno a sva\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00edno. \u0158ekl bych, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u011b ano. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch trz\u00edch bylo k m\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u0159ka v\u0161echno. A i ti n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se p\u0159ece museli n\u011b\u010d\u00edm zah\u0159\u00e1t. Takov\u00fdm hork\u00fdm sva\u0159en\u00fdm v\u00ednem jist\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd m\u011b\u0161\u0165an ani prost\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nepohrdl. Tak\u017ee sva\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00edno ani norm\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00edno jist\u011b na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch trz\u00edch nechyb\u011bly a lid\u00e9 si jist\u011b odn\u00e1\u0161eli z trhu i v\u00edno na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed st\u016fl.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trh Hoam!, 1966,\u010d. 12, s .91 Otfried Preussler autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, elektronick\u00e1 verze Ivo Kare\u0161 Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  \u201eD\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":362891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/27\/ram-o-jarmarcich.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268337"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=268337"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":362995,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268337\/revisions\/362995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/362891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=268337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=268337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=268337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}