{"id":267480,"date":"2022-11-18T16:19:29","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T15:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=267480"},"modified":"2022-11-18T16:22:36","modified_gmt":"2022-11-18T15:22:36","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-cesti-vedci-pomohou-zastavit-invazi-sumcu-v-jezerech-italie-a-portugalska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=267480","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci pomohou zastavit invazi sumc\u016f v italsk\u00fdch a portugalsk\u00fdch jezerech"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V\u011bdeck\u00fd t\u00fdm p\u0159i odlovech<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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A\u017e devades\u00e1t procent sumc\u016f je pot\u0159eba odlovit v jezerech ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy. Zat\u00edmco v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je tento nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pred\u00e1tor sladk\u00fdch vod \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm z\u00e1stupcem ryb\u00edch obs\u00e1dek, v jihoevropsk\u00fdch jezerech p\u0159edstavuje nep\u016fvodn\u00ed a invazn\u00ed druh, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed \u0161kody v tamn\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9mu.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Hydrobiologov\u00e9 z Biologick\u00e9ho centra Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR (BC AV \u010cR) v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch spole\u010dn\u011b s kolegy z It\u00e1lie a Portugalska pr\u00e1v\u011b startuj\u00ed p\u011btilet\u00fd projekt, b\u011bhem n\u011bj\u017e budou v 50 jezerech a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch sledovat v\u00fdskyt a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sumc\u016f, testovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody jejich odlovu a posl\u00e9ze je se zapojen\u00edm komer\u010dn\u00edch a sportovn\u00edch ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f odlov\u00ed. Nem\u00e9n\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 bude i p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit Jihoevropany ke konzumaci t\u00e9to ryby a dostat ji na j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek m\u00edstn\u00edch restaurac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sumec velk\u00fd je v jihoevropsk\u00fdch jezerech a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch nep\u016fvodn\u00edm druhem, kter\u00fd tam byl zavle\u010den sportovn\u00edmi ryb\u00e1\u0159i. \u201eT\u0159eba v portugalsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch v\u016fbec nejsou p\u016fvodn\u00ed drav\u00e9 druhy ryb a s p\u0159\u00edchodem sumce tak p\u0159ibyl obrovsk\u00fd, nenasytn\u00fd pred\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd decimuje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed ryby, v\u010detn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch, endemick\u00fdch druh\u016f. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed mu tepl\u00e1 voda, dob\u0159e se tam mno\u017e\u00ed, rychle roste a nem\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje vedouc\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu, Martin \u010cech z Hydrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu BC AV \u010cR. Sportovn\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159i ho vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed pro jeho trofejn\u00ed velikosti. \u201eV ji\u017en\u00edch st\u00e1tech nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou chytit sumce o velikosti 2,5 metru s v\u00e1hou p\u0159es sto kilogram\u016f,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martin \u010cech.<\/p>\n

Celkem sedm v\u011bdeck\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f – \u010dty\u0159i v It\u00e1lii, dva v Portugalsku a jeden v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice bude p\u011bt let sledovat 50 n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a jezer, z toho 23 v It\u00e1lii, 25 v Portugalsku a 2 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Vlajkov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum bude prob\u00edhat na jednom z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch italsk\u00fdch jezer, jezeru Maggiore. \u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u0158\u00edmov u \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic a \u017dlutice u Karlov\u00fdch Var\u016f v projektu poslou\u017e\u00ed jako kontroln\u00ed syst\u00e9my, nebo\u0165 jsou \u010desk\u00fdmi hydrobiology detailn\u011b prozkouman\u00e9 se zn\u00e1mou obs\u00e1dkou sumce velk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci budou lovit sumce v hloubk\u00e1ch i harpunou<\/h6>\n

V prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi maj\u00ed v\u011bdci za \u00fakol otestovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody odlovu a vybrat ty nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro dan\u00e9 typy jezer a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. \u201eMetod pro odlov je n\u011bkolik, v\u010detn\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho agreg\u00e1tu nebo tenatov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. N\u00e1m se v\u0161ak nejv\u00edc osv\u011bd\u010dila metoda dlouh\u00fdch \u0161\u0148\u016fr, kter\u00e1 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na mo\u0159i na lov velk\u00fdch pred\u00e1tor\u016f, jako jsou \u017eraloci, tu\u0148\u00e1ci, plachetn\u00edci nebo me\u010douni. Funguje tak, \u017ee se z pomalu pluj\u00edc\u00ed lodi postupn\u011b naklade do vody dlouh\u00e9 lano s des\u00edtkami n\u00e1stra\u017en\u00edch \u0161\u0148\u016fr. Zjistili jsme, \u017ee tato metoda je velmi efektivn\u00ed a nav\u00edc zaru\u010duje, \u017ee se bude chytat jen sumec, a ne jin\u00e9 druhy ryb, co\u017e je pro n\u00e1s i na\u0161e italsk\u00e9 a portugalsk\u00e9 partnery d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Luk\u00e1\u0161 Vej\u0159\u00edk, dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dlen \u010desk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu. Testovat se budou ale i jin\u00e9 techniky lovu, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad lov harpunou ve velk\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch \u010dist\u00fdch italsk\u00fdch jezer.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b v\u00fdb\u011bru nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technik odlovu zodpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u010desk\u00fd t\u00fdm tak\u00e9 za kalibraci metody pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti sumc\u016f v jeze\u0159e ze vzork\u016f vody, a to pomoc\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA. Tato metoda funguje tak, \u017ee se v odebran\u00e9 vod\u011b analyzuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 vzorky DNA. Z n\u011bkolika odebran\u00fdch litr\u016f vody tak lze ur\u010dit, zda se v dan\u00e9m jeze\u0159e sumci vyskytuj\u00ed, nebo se do n\u011bj tyto nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, invazn\u00ed ryby je\u0161t\u011b nedostaly.<\/p>\n

V dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi projektu bude n\u00e1sledovat samotn\u00fd odlov sumc\u016f, na n\u011bm\u017e se krom\u011b v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f bude pod\u00edlet i 230 m\u00edstn\u00edch komer\u010dn\u00edch a sportovn\u00edch ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Ve velk\u00fdch jezerech a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch se m\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed sumc\u016f redukovat alespo\u0148 o 10 %, v mal\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch o 50 % a v p\u011bti izolovan\u00fdch mal\u00fdch jezerech spadaj\u00edc\u00edch do soustavy Natura 2000 se m\u00e1 biomasa sumce sn\u00ed\u017eit dokonce o 90 %.<\/p>\n

Dostat sumce na tal\u00ed\u0159<\/h6>\n

Nez\u016fstane ale jen u odlov\u016f. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm zah\u00e1j\u00ed masivn\u00ed osv\u011btovou kampa\u0148 zam\u011b\u0159enou jednak na ryb\u00e1\u0159e a jednak na \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost. \u201eRyb\u00e1\u0159e mus\u00edme p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, aby nerozn\u00e1\u0161eli sumce do dal\u0161\u00edch jezer, aby sv\u00e9 \u00falovky nevraceli do vody a odn\u00e1\u0161eli si je dom\u016f. Ve\u0159ejnost je t\u0159eba p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit o tom, \u017ee sumec je skv\u011bl\u00e1 ryba k j\u00eddlu. Je to spousta masa, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba v uzen\u00e9m stavu kulin\u00e1\u0159skou delikatesou,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Martin \u010cech. Zejm\u00e9na v severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii, kde se invaze sumce vymkla kontrole, by m\u011bla vzniknout uzav\u0159en\u00e1 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomika, kde budou m\u00edstn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci potravin vyr\u00e1b\u011bt sum\u010d\u00ed produkty a restaurace nab\u00edzet pokrmy ze sumc\u016f. Z ryb uloven\u00fdch b\u011bhem regula\u010dn\u00edch odlov\u016f se budou p\u0159ipravovat j\u00eddla, prod\u00e1van\u00e1 za rozumnou cenu lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010del\u00ed socioekonomick\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Martin \u010cech se sumcem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  A\u017e <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":267482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/18\/av-sumci-2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267480"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=267480"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":267486,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267480\/revisions\/267486"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/267482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=267480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=267480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=267480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}