![\"\"](\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/10\/O-SVATOMARTINSK\u00c9-HUSE....jpg\")
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Hus\u00ed krev<\/strong> Svatomartinsk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed symbolizuje konec podzimu a p\u0159\u00edchod zimy, pota\u017emo V\u00e1noc. Hlavn\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed tohoto hodov\u00e1n\u00ed je pe\u010den\u00e1 husa, kter\u00e1 je v tomto obdob\u00ed nejl\u00e9pe vykrmen\u00e1 a tu\u010dn\u00e1. P\u0159ijde-li pozv\u00e1n\u00ed na martinsk\u00e9 hody, du\u0161e labu\u017en\u00edka se blahem zatetel\u00ed. Nen\u00ed divu, st\u016fl v den sv. Martina pat\u0159il a dodnes pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na venkov\u011b mezi nejbohat\u0161\u00ed v roce. P\u0159ed\u010dil dokonce i slavn\u00e9 hostiny svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9ho posv\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/p>\n V\u011b\u0159te nebo nev\u011b\u0159te t\u011bm legend\u00e1m, asi v\u011bt\u0161ina venkovsk\u00fdch chovatel\u016f d\u00e1v\u00e1 za pravdu logi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdkladu, na kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161la jist\u011b moudr\u00e1 hlava, \u017ee o sv\u00e1t\u00e9m Martinu se pob\u00edjej\u00ed proto husy, pon\u011bvad\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b prvn\u00ed krmn\u00e9 husy dor\u016fstaj\u00ed. Hlavni v\u011bc\u00ed v\u0161ak je, \u017ee sv\u00e1tek Martin\u016fv a pe\u010den\u00e1 husa pat\u0159\u00ed od prad\u00e1vna nerozlu\u010dn\u011b k sob\u011b. Up\u00e9ci husu p\u011bkn\u011b do zlatova, b\u00fdvalo kdysi velk\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm hospodyn\u011bk.<\/p>\n Z martinsk\u00e9 husy dost\u00e1val nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sluha k\u0159\u00eddlo, aby pr\u00fd p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci jen l\u00edtal, vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pod\u00e1valo se stehno, hospod\u00e1\u0159 ale s\u00e1m si ponech\u00e1val kobylku a sanici. Z kobylky prorokoval vlastnost budouc\u00ed zimy, kobylka b\u00edl\u00e1 nebo p\u0159imodral\u00e1 znamenala tuhou zimu. Sanici usu\u0161enou trh\u00e1val \u0440\u0430k hospod\u00e1\u0159 s hospodyn\u00ed, kdo krat\u0161\u00ed kousek podr\u017eel v ruce, um\u0159el pr\u00fd d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n Ko\u0159eny tradice martinsk\u00e9 husy lze dohledat v N\u011bmecku, kde ji\u017e za vl\u00e1dy c\u00edsa\u0159e Karla Velik\u00e9ho byl den sv. Martina (Martinstag) podzimn\u00edm term\u00ednem k odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u00farok\u016f (t\u00e9\u017e \u201eb\u00edl\u00e9 vykrmen\u00e9 husy\u201d) a robotn\u00edch d\u00e1vek vrchnosti (Martinsscho\u00df). Na Morav\u011b je dolo\u017eena v roce 1552 koup\u011b dvora Radotice, kter\u00fd byl na sv. Martina tel\u010dsk\u00e9 vrchnosti povinov\u00e1n odvodem kopy gro\u0161\u016f a \u201eb\u00edlou husou s \u010derven\u00fdma o\u010dima\u201c (tzn. dob\u0159e vykrmenou). Odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed hus se n\u011bkdy odehr\u00e1valo za mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ceremoni\u00ed, nap\u0159. jihomoravsk\u00e1 obec Dyj\u00e1kovice odevzd\u00e1vala ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b husu na z\u00e1mek do Moravsk\u00e9ho Krumlova na vyzdoben\u00e9m voze, ta\u017een\u00e9m \u010dty\u0159mi b\u011blou\u0161i. Sedl\u00e1ci z obce Poli\u010dn\u00e1 d\u00e1vali o sv. Martin\u011b \u201epo p\u016fl huse\u201d od\u00famrti. Na uher\u010dick\u00e9 panstv\u00ed (r. 1628) odv\u00e1d\u011bl \u201eRappensteiner Hof\u201d u vsi Me\u0161ovice na sv. Martina nam\u00edsto roboty seno a \u201ejednu b\u00edlou vykrmenou husu s \u010derven\u00fdma o\u010dima\u201d. Zrovna tak poddan\u00ed ze \u201eZimn\u00ed ulice\u201d (Winterzeile) ve vsi Ranc\u00ed\u0159ov\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed odevzd\u00e1vali ve svatomartinsk\u00fd den \u201ejednu b\u00edlou husu s \u010derven\u00fdma o\u010dima\u201d do kl\u00e1\u0161tera v Gerasu.<\/p>\n K poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed husy se traduj\u00ed dv\u011b apokryf\u00e1ln\u00ed legendy ze \u017eivota sv. Martina. Jedna prav\u00ed, \u017ee svat\u00fd Martin, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt jmenov\u00e1n biskupem, se z vrozen\u00e9 skromnosti p\u0159ed takovou poctou ukryl do husince. Husy sv\u00fdm kejh\u00e1n\u00edm Martinovu skr\u00fd\u0161 prozradily, co\u017e byl p\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fvod, aby skon\u010dily na pek\u00e1\u010di. Druh\u00e1 pro zm\u011bnu uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee husy sv\u00fdm hlu\u010dn\u00fdm kejh\u00e1n\u00edm ru\u0161ily Martinovo k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a tak si sv\u016fj trest odpyk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na svatomartinsk\u00e9 tabuli. Zvyk konzumovat hus\u00ed pe\u010den\u011b na sv. Martina lze vysledovat u star\u00fdch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f (nap\u0159. \u201eAlte Tiroler Bauernkalender\u201d, norsk\u00e9 runov\u00e9 kalend\u00e1\u0159e), kde u 11. listopadu byla vyobrazena husa.<\/p>\n Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednka o martinsk\u00e9 huse poch\u00e1z\u00ed od Antona von Snakenburg (zem\u0159el r. 1476), mnicha z kl\u00e1\u0161tera Corvey, kter\u00fd uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v roce 1171 Othelricus von Svalenberg daroval tamn\u00edm mnich\u016fm st\u0159\u00edbrnou husu (\u201esilberne Gans zum Geschenk gemacht habe\u201d). V \u010cech\u00e1ch se zachovaly martinsk\u00e9 husy v koled\u00e1ch z 15. stolet\u00ed a v \u0159\u00e1dech \u0159eznick\u00fdch cech\u016f, nap\u0159. z roku 1535 cechu \u0159eznick\u00e9ho z Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00fd upravoval prodej hus od sv. V\u00e1clava a\u017e po t\u00fdden po sv. Martinu, z roku 1610 ze Znojma \u010di Napajedel.Item ti, jen\u017e husy bij\u00ed, maj\u00ed teprv ten pond\u011bl\u00ed po sv. Sixtu po\u010d\u00ednati husy b\u00edti, jak\u017e od starod\u00e1vna b\u00fdvalo, a dv\u011b ned\u011ble po sv. Martinu zase p\u0159estati.<\/p>\n V 16. a 17. stolet\u00ed zachytila martinskou husu mnoh\u00e1 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u00edla: v roce 1595 sepsal Melchior de Fabris, n\u011bmeck\u00fd katolick\u00fd far\u00e1\u0159, k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eVon der Martins Gans\u201d (O martinsk\u00e9 huse), kter\u00fd vyzdvihoval mytologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam martinsk\u00e9 husy pro jej\u00ed bd\u011blost a ostra\u017eitost, roku 1607 Wolfahrt Spangenberg (\u201eGansk\u00f6nig\u201c), roku 1609 Johannes Olorinus Variscus (Die \u201eMartinsgans\u201d) a b\u00e1sn\u00edci z dru\u017einy kolem Jana Hod\u011bjovsk\u00e9ho z Hod\u011bjova, atd. Proti martinsk\u00e9mu hodov\u00e1n\u00ed a nest\u0159\u00eddm\u00e9mu poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed martinsk\u00e9 husy brojili reforma\u010dn\u00ed far\u00e1\u0159i, nap\u0159\u00edklad Ji\u0159\u00ed Tes\u00e1k Mo\u0161ovsk\u00fd, evangelick\u00fd d\u011bkan v Kou\u0159imi, vydal v roce 1612 pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eMartinianus anser, Svatomartinsk\u00e1 hus\u201d a v roce 1646 Johann Junghans, n\u011bmeck\u00fd protestantsk\u00fd kn\u011bz z Gery, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eAnser Martinianus, oder Martins-Gan\u00df\u201d.<\/p>\n O martinsk\u00e9 huse pod\u00e1v\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vu ve sv\u00e9 korespondenci t\u00e9\u017e pan\u00ed Zuzana \u010cern\u00ednov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 si st\u00fdsk\u00e1 sv\u00e9mu synu Humprechtovi, \u017ee sama a sama jedla husi\u010dku svatomartinskou. He\u0159man \u017ee odjel do Pacova na kvas martinsk\u00fd, na svatomartinskou hus. Husy pro c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd dv\u016fr. Na sv. Martina dostavila se do V\u00eddn\u011b deputace \u017eidovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 obce z Pre\u0161purku, aby po star\u00e9m zvyku, datuj\u00edc\u00edm se ji\u017e z doby Marie Terezie, odvedla u dvora martinsk\u00e9 husy. \u0160est n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f, zdoben\u00fdch stu\u017ekami uhersk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch barev, odevzd\u00e1no dvorn\u00edmu d\u016fstojn\u00edku pr\u00f2 komoru c\u00edsa\u0159e a n\u00e1sledn\u00edka tr\u016fnu arciv\u00e9vodu Karla.<\/p>\n Ve 30. a 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed bylo v \u010ceskoslovensku zn\u00e1mo na pades\u00e1t druh\u016f hus (divok\u00e9 a dom\u00e1c\u00ed, b\u00edl\u00e9 a \u0161ed\u00e9, pomo\u0159ansk\u00e9, emdensk\u00e9, toulousk\u00e9, labut\u00ed neboli \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9, kade\u0159av\u00e9, kanadsk\u00e9 a tak\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9). \u010cesk\u00e9 hospodyn\u011b a kucha\u0159ky nakupovaly hlavn\u011b husy libu\u0161sk\u00e9 a sadsk\u00e9. Husy libu\u0161sk\u00e9 byly vykrmov\u00e1ny ovsem na maso, sadsk\u00e9 \u0161i\u0161kami na s\u00e1dlo. \u010cesk\u00e1 husa, i kdy\u017e pon\u011bkud men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy, byla zn\u00e1mkou prvo\u0159ad\u00e9 jakosti a co do jakosti masa a s\u00e1dla, velikosti a chuti jater i jakosti pe\u0159\u00ed nedosti\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n Libu\u0161sk\u00e1 v\u00fdkrmna (zalo\u017eena Franti\u0161kem \u0160\u0165astn\u00fdm), nakupovala dom\u00e1c\u00ed husy z r\u016fzn\u00fdch kout\u016f ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech a Po\u0161umav\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b po dobu t\u0159\u00ed a\u017e \u010dty\u0159 ned\u011bl vykrmovala, \u0161kubala (t\u00e9\u017e t\u0159\u00eddila pe\u0159\u00ed na prachov\u00e9, drobn\u00e9 a brky) a rozv\u00e1\u017eela na trhy do Prahy a cel\u00e9 \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst. Martinsk\u00e1 husa neunikla ani reklam\u011b.<\/p>\n \u010ceskoslovensko nav\u00e1zalo na zavedenou praxi z monarchie a vyu\u017e\u00edvalo obl\u00edben\u00fd reklamn\u00ed plak\u00e1t, plechov\u00e9 \u010di smaltov\u00e9 cedule, reklamn\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00ed kombinac\u00ed obrazu a n\u00e1paditou ver\u0161ovanou pob\u00eddkou. Pokrok a modernizace s sebou od poloviny 30. let p\u0159inesl reklamn\u00ed filmy, reklamu v rozhlase, na gramofonov\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch \u010di diapozitivech. Z\u00edskat sv\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e se pokou\u0161ely tak\u00e9 \u010dasopisy a noviny.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroj:<\/strong> V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 Noviny, 10. \u0159\u00edjen 1939, s. 6 \u010cech, politick\u00fd t\u00fdden\u00edk katolick\u00fd, 15.11.1915, s. 4 \u0158\u00e1d cechu \u0159eznick\u00e9ho, ve Znojm\u011b, 1610 \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt: Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho, Z\u00e1bavy na svat\u00e9ho Martina, Eduard Bass: O pt\u00e1ku svat\u00e9ho Martina, Lidov\u00e9 noviny, Moravsk\u00e1 zemsk\u00e1 knihovna v Brn\u011b<\/p>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Svatomartinsk\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":327683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/05\/ram-husa.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266820"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=266820"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":327682,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266820\/revisions\/327682"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/327683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=266820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=266820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=266820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nJsem \u010cech, m\u016fj znak je lev!<\/em>
\nJsem \u010cech, chci krev, jen krev!<\/em>
\nV\u0161ak modern\u00ed \u010cech jinak na to mus\u00ed:<\/em>
\n\u010cech modern\u00ed kdy\u017e krev chce, chce – krev hus\u00ed.<\/em>
\nTa lahoda, ta chu\u0165 –<\/em>
\nach srdce, klidn\u00e9 bu\u010f!<\/em>
\na\u0165 mluv\u00ed jen, kdo zkus\u00ed!<\/em>
\nVem po 3 krejca\u0159\u00edch krev ze 2 hus\u00ed<\/em>
\na m\u011bj se k \u010dinu!<\/em>
\nNa kastrol m\u00e1sla \u010derstv\u00e9ho 3 loty dej,<\/em>
\np\u00e1r k tomu km\u00edn\u016f,<\/em>
\na cibulinku p\u011bkn\u011b nakr\u00e1jej,<\/em>
\na\u0165 jemn\u00e1 je, droboulinkat\u00e1.<\/em>
\nKdy\u017e pak je cibulka u\u017e “zlat\u00e1”,<\/em>
\n(jak\u00fd lib\u00fd zjev!)<\/em>
\ndej tam tu hezky rozma\u010dkanou krev.<\/em>
\nA kdy\u017e se to u\u017e, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, “d\u011bl\u00e1”,<\/em>
\nby nez\u016fstala krev snad p\u0159ec zas cel\u00e1<\/em>
\na nevypadala jak hl\u00edny kousky,<\/em>
\ndej je\u0161t\u011b trochu nastrouhan\u00e9 housky.<\/em>
\nA m\u00e1-li to pak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 suchou l\u00edci,<\/em>
\ndej dobr\u00e9 pol\u00edv\u010di\u010dky k tomu l\u017e\u00edci.<\/em> Jan Neruda – B\u00e1sn\u011b II.<\/strong><\/p>\n
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