{"id":260765,"date":"2022-08-12T19:54:13","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T18:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=260765"},"modified":"2022-08-12T19:56:13","modified_gmt":"2022-08-12T18:56:13","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-trvale-udrzitelne-zemedelstvi-je-cesta-k-omezeni-dopadu-potravinovych-krizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=260765","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 cesta k omezen\u00ed dopad\u016f potravinov\u00fdch kriz\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Bez trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed bude lidstvo jen t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat spole\u010densk\u00e9 i ekologick\u00e9 krize a naraz\u00ed na planet\u00e1rn\u00ed limity, za kter\u00fdmi u\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k degradaci syst\u00e9m\u016f, na jejich\u017e fungov\u00e1n\u00ed lidstvo z\u00e1vis\u00ed. V\u011bdci z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy a p\u0159\u00edklady, jak se k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 produkci potravin dostat a co doopravdy znamen\u00e1. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my toti\u017e stoj\u00ed za v\u011bt\u0161inou probl\u00e9m\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi pak bojuj\u00ed. Na v\u00fdzkumu spolupracoval Petr Jehli\u010dka ze Sociologick\u00e9ho a Etnologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Sou\u010dasn\u00fd glob\u00e1ln\u00ed potravinov\u00fd syst\u00e9m je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na r\u016fstu. Jen\u017ee sv\u011bt se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed sv\u00fdm planet\u00e1rn\u00edm limit\u016fm a zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se produkuj\u00ed potraviny, situaci v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161uje. Aby lid\u00e9 byli schopni \u010delit potravinov\u00fdm kriz\u00edm, mus\u00ed se syst\u00e9m zm\u011bnit. \u201eSou\u010dasn\u00e9 agr\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my \u2013 na\u0161e znalosti, praxe, instituce, infrastruktura a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 plodiny definuj\u00edc\u00ed dominantn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby produkce a spot\u0159eby potravin \u2013 se v\u00fdrazn\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed na klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch, ekologick\u00e9 degradaci i \u00fabytku p\u016fd,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Petr Jehli\u010dka ze Sociologick\u00e9ho a Etnologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR. Spolu se t\u0159emi des\u00edtkami v\u011bdc\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta se pod\u00edlel na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b programov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku, kter\u00fd otiskl presti\u017en\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u010dasopis Nature Sustainability<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Potraviny nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt pouze prost\u0159edek k vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz<\/h6>\n

Mus\u00edme p\u0159estat uva\u017eovat o produkci potravin prim\u00e1rn\u011b jako o zdroji ekonomick\u00e9ho zisku \u2013 tak by se dala shrnout hlavn\u00ed podm\u00ednka trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Navrhovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m (\u201epost-growth metabolism\u201c \u2013 na r\u016fst ji\u017e neorientovan\u00fd metabolismus) se op\u00edr\u00e1 o p\u011bt princip\u016f: princip dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed potravin (nam\u00edsto efektivity), princip regenerace prost\u0159ed\u00ed (nam\u00edsto vyt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f), princip spravedliv\u00e9 distribuce (nam\u00edsto akumulace), princip potravin jako \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9ho majetku\u201c nam\u00edsto komodity, a princip kultury p\u00e9\u010de o lidi a prost\u0159ed\u00ed nam\u00edsto principu kontroly. \u201eTen udr\u017eiteln\u00fd syst\u00e9m odm\u00edt\u00e1 slou\u017eit jako prost\u0159edek ekonomick\u00e9ho zisku \u2013 m\u00edsto toho chce b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladem zdrav\u00fdch komunit, ekologie i ekonomiky,<\/em>\u201c vysv\u011btluje Petr Jehli\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je v dob\u011b v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed energetick\u00e9 krize je\u0161t\u011b pal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Experti p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed potravinov\u00fdch kriz\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produkce, technologick\u00e9 inovaci a ve zm\u011bn\u00e1ch chov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f\u2013 a varuj\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup nenab\u00edz\u00ed trval\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eU\u017e jsme vid\u011bli, co nap\u00e1ch\u00e1 potravinov\u00fd syst\u00e9m zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na neomezen\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd r\u016fst a na maximalizaci zisku na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, farm\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch i na na\u0161em zdrav\u00ed \u2013 a nen\u00ed to nic dobr\u00e9ho,<\/em>\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 spoluautor Steven McGreevy z Odd\u011blen\u00ed pro v\u00fdzkum \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a technologi\u00ed pro trvalou udr\u017eitelnost Univerzity Twente. \u201eNa\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed je i mnoho p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 prvky v akci. Takov\u00e9 modely mus\u00edme podpo\u0159it a p\u0159ev\u00e9st je, \u010di rozv\u00e9st, do dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 zahr\u00e1dka\u0159en\u00ed jako dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad<\/h6>\n

T\u0159icet dva v\u011bdc\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta navrhuje zm\u011bnu v n\u011bkolika oblastech \u2013 v produkci potravin, obchodu, s potravinami sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a v institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti.<\/p>\n

\u201eM\u011bli bychom p\u0159i na\u0161em uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed o trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blsko-potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu zohlednit d\u016fle\u017eitost mal\u00e9ho farm\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Podpo\u0159ilo by to biodiverzitu, zachovalo kvalitu p\u016fd a zlep\u0161ilo odolnost cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu proti soci\u00e1ln\u00edm a ekologick\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm,\u201c<\/em> vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 Petr Jehli\u010dka. Mal\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i dok\u00e1\u017eou podle v\u011bdc\u016f l\u00e9pe hospoda\u0159it s p\u016fdou i vodou \u2013 a to i d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee jsou se svou p\u016fdou mnohem v\u00edce prov\u00e1z\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n

\u201eTen \u010dl\u00e1nek \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 velmi p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b a hlasem mnoha velk\u00fdch autorit, co se ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci sna\u017e\u00edm \u0159\u00edct u\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu: modely trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 produkce, distribuce a spot\u0159eby potravin, kter\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed p\u011bti uveden\u00fdmi principy, u\u017e existuj\u00ed a funguj\u00ed, ale jsou p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eeny, nedoce\u0148ov\u00e1ny, nebo\u0165 se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b komercionalizuj\u00ed a tak d\u00e1le,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Petr Jehli\u010dka. \u201eJe tedy t\u0159eba hledat cesty, jak tyto existuj\u00edc\u00ed modely dost\u00e1vat do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka a do nov\u00fdch m\u00edst sv\u011bta.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Studie v\u011bdc\u016f ukazuje tak\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edklad \u010ceska, kde se zahr\u00e1dka\u0159en\u00ed t\u011b\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b (v\u011bnuje se mu 40 % populace) \u2013 a kde dom\u00e1c\u00ed a komunitn\u00ed zahrady vyprodukuj\u00ed v\u00edce n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f \u010derstv\u00e9 zeleniny a ovoce ne\u017e komer\u010dn\u00ed sektor. Poukazuj\u00ed tak na to, \u017ee potraviny se \u010dasto produkuj\u00ed neefektivn\u011b a mnohdy se zbyte\u010dn\u011b dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se mimo jin\u00e9 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 palivo, a tedy dal\u0161\u00ed cenn\u00e9, kapacitn\u011b omezen\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>\n

Zapojen\u00ed lid\u00ed pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00edch model\u016f<\/h6>\n

Ve chv\u00edli, kdy se potraviny stanou ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm, spole\u010dn\u00fdm zdrojem, maj\u00ed jednotlivci i spole\u010dnost mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00edlu a m\u016f\u017eou skute\u010dn\u011b prosadit udr\u017eiteln\u00fd obchodn\u00ed model, kter\u00fd bude stav\u011bt na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto zdrav\u00ed a dobr\u00fd \u017eivot lid\u00ed i jejich prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eJednotlivec m\u016f\u017ee d\u011blat mnoho u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, s\u00e1m ale samoz\u0159ejm\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u011b nezm\u011bn\u00ed nic, tak\u017ee je t\u0159eba, abych t\u011bch aktivn\u00edch jednotlivc\u016f bylo co nejv\u00edc a aby se spojovali a kooperovali. Lid\u00e9 mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad tla\u010dit sv\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed zastupitele k podpo\u0159e lok\u00e1ln\u00edch potravin ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, nemocnic\u00edch a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159adech, mohou nakupovat potraviny lok\u00e1ln\u011b vyprodukovan\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vyjmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 Petr Jehli\u010dka.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed plodin, kultura s t\u00edm spojen\u00e1, hraje tak\u00e9 velkou roli. A \u017ee to, jak se o potravin\u00e1ch mluv\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u2013 a t\u0159eba dos\u00e1hnout toho, \u017ee lid\u00e9 budou potraviny vn\u00edmat jako n\u011bco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho a \u017ee se mohou pod\u00edlet na formov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f produkce a spot\u0159eby potravin.<\/p>\n

V\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 pak m\u00e1 zast\u0159e\u0161it v\u00edce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 a multisektorov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (governance) potravinov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e9 propoj\u00ed dnes \u010dasto odd\u011blen\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed instituce zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed tak, aby vznikl trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fd potravinov\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\u201eV t\u00e9to dob\u011b si u\u017e nem\u016f\u017eeme dovolit ignorovat v\u00fdhody trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Petr Jehli\u010dka. \u201eA mus\u00edme za\u010d\u00edt t\u00edm, \u017ee si sund\u00e1me klapky z o\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi pro n\u00e1s jsou sou\u010dasn\u00e9 praktiky i teorie produkce potravin.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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