{"id":260403,"date":"2022-08-06T13:24:34","date_gmt":"2022-08-06T12:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=260403"},"modified":"2022-08-06T13:47:44","modified_gmt":"2022-08-06T12:47:44","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-objasneno-jak-zvysit-zivotnost-a-ucinnost-solarnich-clanku-s-perovskity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=260403","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Studie ukazuje, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it \u017eivotnost a \u00fa\u010dinnost organick\u00fdch fotovoltaick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Pro v\u00fdvoj cenov\u011b dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch fotovoltaick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u011bdci v sou\u010dasnosti um\u011ble krystalizovan\u00e9 perovskity. Ty pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny materi\u00e1l\u016f, jejich\u017e struktura byla odvozena od miner\u00e1lu perovskit (CaTiO3). Nyn\u00ed se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu t\u00fdmu v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f veden\u00e9mu profesorem Feng Gao z univerzity ve \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9m Link\u00f6pingu poda\u0159ilo objasnit mechanismus, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it \u017eivotnost a \u00fa\u010dinnost tohoto typu organick\u00fdch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. Na v\u00fdzkumu se v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edleli tak\u00e9 v\u011bdci z \u00dastavu makromolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed chemie AV \u010cR. V\u00fdsledky nov\u00e9 studie byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny v presti\u017en\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopisu Science<\/a>.<\/h6>\n

\"\"V nov\u00e9 studii m\u011bli v\u011bdci za \u00fakol objasnit mechanismus, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed za zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinnosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u017eivotnosti sol\u00e1rn\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku s perovskitovou strukturou, a popsat roli nov\u00e9ho aditiva. V\u00fdznamn\u011b se ve v\u00fdzkumu projevila pr\u00e1ce v\u011bdc\u016f specializovan\u00fdch na NMR spektroskopii z \u00dastavu makromolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed chemie AV \u010cR (\u00daMCH). V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z \u00daMCH se zab\u00fdvali studiem vrstvy sol\u00e1rn\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku, ve kter\u00e9 prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011bna slune\u010dn\u00ed energie na energii elektrickou, tedy p\u0159em\u011bna z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na elektron. C\u00edlem NMR spektroskopie je hledat a nach\u00e1zet z\u00e1konitosti a vztahy mezi dynamikou molekul, strukturou hmoty, jej\u00edmi makroskopick\u00fdmi a u\u017eitn\u00fdmi mechanick\u00fdmi \u010di fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastnostmi.<\/p>\n

\u201eV nov\u00e9 studii jsme pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch metod v oboru NMR spektroskopie systematick\u00fdm porovn\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch spekter a pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm zm\u011bn v 1H NMR spektrech potvrdili, \u017ee se po p\u0159\u00eddavku nov\u00e9ho typu aditiva v\u00fdznamn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed elektrostatick\u00e9 s\u00edly, tzv. mezimolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed Coulombovsk\u00e9 interakce, a dojde ke vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hlavn\u00edch slo\u017eek. T\u00edm se usnadn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna a p\u0159enos nep\u00e1rov\u00e9ho elektronu. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 popsat pouze pomoci 1H hr-NMR spektroskopie a potvrzeno bylo 19F NMR spektroskopi\u00ed v pevn\u00e9m stavu,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Libor Kobera z Odd\u011blen\u00ed NMR spektroskopie \u00dastavu makromolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed chemie. Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00ednosem pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00e9ho aditiva je zna\u010dn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi aditivy. \u201ePou\u017eit\u00fd typ aditiva je vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd, a p\u0159i relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentraci umo\u017e\u0148uje generov\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed radik\u00e1l\u016f. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee omezuje tak\u00e9 rozsah vedlej\u0161\u00edch reakc\u00ed, zvy\u0161uje \u017eivotnost sol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Libor Kobera.<\/p>\n

S Odd\u011blen\u00edm biomolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed a organick\u00e9 elektroniky Univerzity v Link\u00f6pingu spolupracuj\u00ed v\u011bdci z \u00daMCH od roku 2019. \u201eN\u00e1\u0161 spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum sleduje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, jako je energetick\u00e1 sob\u011bsta\u010dnost \u010di sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na fosiln\u00edch zdroj\u00edch. Toto je priorita nejen modern\u00ed v\u011bdy, ale rezonuje celou spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 mezi priority agendy \u010desk\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed EU,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Ji\u0159\u00ed Brus, vedouc\u00ed Odd\u011blen\u00ed NMR spektroskopie v \u00daMCH. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho t\u00fdmu v\u011bdc\u016f se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na objeven\u00ed, pops\u00e1n\u00ed a pochopen\u00ed proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed ovl\u00e1dnout a kontrolovat \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159em\u011bny sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie, kontrolovat degrada\u010dn\u00ed procesy a prodlou\u017eit stabilitu a \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus sol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. V\u00fdsledky systematick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu t\u00fdmu, kter\u00fd vede profesor Feng Gao, ji\u017e zve\u0159ejnily tak\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u010dasopisy Nature Communications, Nature Energy \u010di Joule.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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