{"id":259700,"date":"2022-07-26T18:14:24","date_gmt":"2022-07-26T17:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=259700"},"modified":"2022-07-26T18:14:24","modified_gmt":"2022-07-26T17:14:24","slug":"veda-neni-nuda-termoregulace-urychluje-vyvoj-larev-colku-tempo-rustu-ovlivnuji-i-souperi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=259700","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA NEN\u00cd NUDA: Termoregulace urychluje v\u00fdvoj larev \u010dolk\u016f, tempo r\u016fstu ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed i soupe\u0159i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Larvy \u010dolka obecn\u00e9ho, Lissotriton vulgaris (naho\u0159e), a \u010dolka horsk\u00e9ho, Ichthyosaura alpestris (dole) byly modelov\u00fdmi organizmy pro tuto experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed studii. (autor L. Gvo\u017ed\u00edk)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Se zm\u011bnou teploty prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010dolci m\u011bn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed. V teplej\u0161\u00ed vod\u011b jejich larvy sv\u016fj v\u00fdvoj urychluj\u00ed, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale tempo jejich r\u016fstu ovliv\u0148uje i konkurence ostatn\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Jedine\u010dn\u00fd experiment Lum\u00edra Gvo\u017ed\u00edka z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nelze p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt vliv zm\u011bny klimatu na populace oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b obecn\u00fdch trend\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zm\u011bny teploty vzduchu.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Zat\u00edmco lid\u00e9 reguluj\u00ed teplotu prost\u0159ed\u00ed (topen\u00ed, klimatizace), mnoho druh\u016f studenokrevn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f m\u011bn\u00ed svoje chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 t\u00edm si dok\u00e1\u017eou udr\u017eovat t\u011blesnou teplotu v men\u0161\u00edm rozp\u011bt\u00ed, ne\u017e je teplota okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Termoregula\u010dn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed studenokrevn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f je zn\u00e1mo v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 let, ale v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b si jeho v\u00fdzkum op\u011bt z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 velkou pozornost. Um\u00ed toti\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b tlumit vliv lok\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na studenokrevn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy, tedy organismy, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed st\u00e1lou teplotu t\u011bla. Experti detailn\u011b zkoumali termoregula\u010dn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed zejm\u00e9na u suchozemsk\u00fdch druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 k regulaci t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm slun\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159. r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f, je\u0161t\u011brek nebo had\u016f. Omezen\u00e9 upravov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty je ale zn\u00e1m\u00e9 i u \u0159ady vodn\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed si teplotu jednodu\u0161e reguluj\u00ed pohybem nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d teplotn\u011b rozr\u016fzn\u011bn\u00fdmi vrstvami stojat\u00e9 vody.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u00da\u010dinnost termoregulace ve vodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed je v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezena dostupnost\u00ed teplot prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout c\u00edlov\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty. P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro termoregulaci krom\u011b po\u010das\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hloubce nebo zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee,<\/em>\u201c vysv\u011btluje Lum\u00edr Gvo\u017ed\u00edk z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR. \u201eZda a jak r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro termoregulaci ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed historii vodn\u00edch organism\u016f, nap\u0159, rychlost r\u016fstu, v\u00fdvoje nebo m\u00edru p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, nebylo dosud zji\u0161t\u011bno.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed experiment si \u201ehr\u00e1l\u201c s teplotou vody<\/h6>\n

Lum\u00edr Gvo\u017ed\u00edk se pokusil experiment\u00e1ln\u011b prok\u00e1zat ekologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam termoregula\u010dn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed u vodn\u00edch ektoterm\u016f (studenokrevn\u00fdch). V polop\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm experimentu se zam\u011b\u0159il na larvy dvou druh\u016f \u010dolk\u016f, horsk\u00e9ho a obecn\u00e9ho. Larvy obou druh\u016f se \u010dasto vyv\u00edjej\u00ed ve stejn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, kde se pohybuj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b po dn\u011b a sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed o potravu, zooplankton. I kdy\u017e se na jednom m\u00edst\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b, larvy \u010dolk\u016f obecn\u00fdch maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na teplotu ne\u017e larvy \u010dolk\u016f horsk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

\u201eTermoregula\u010dn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed jsme u t\u011bchto organism\u016f prok\u00e1zali ned\u00e1vno, ale pouze v laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Laboratorn\u00ed experimenty trvaly relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tce, tak\u017ee bylo ot\u00e1zkou, zda je termoregula\u010dn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed pro larvy ekologicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, tj. zda ovliv\u0148uje znaky \u017eivotn\u00ed historie, a tud\u00ed\u017e i popula\u010dn\u00ed dynamiku t\u011bchto oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lum\u00edr Gvo\u017ed\u00edk. \u201eAbych prok\u00e1zal ekologicky v\u00fdznam termoregula\u010dn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, provedl jsem experiment, ve kter\u00e9m jsem manipuloval s podm\u00ednkami pro termoregulaci. To je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed, proto\u017ee v des\u00edtk\u00e1ch d\u0159\u00edve publikovan\u00fdch studi\u00ed byly vodn\u00ed organismy jednodu\u0161e vystaveny stejn\u00fdm teplotn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d vodn\u00edm sloupcem.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byly teploty vody na dn\u011b ve v\u0161ech n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch stejn\u00e1, ale v polovin\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed se um\u011ble nah\u0159\u00edvala voda t\u011bsn\u011b pod hladinou tak, aby larvy mohly nab\u00fdt preferovan\u00fdch teplot. \u201ePokud cht\u011bly larvy dos\u00e1hnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty, musely zaplavat k hladin\u011b tak, jak jsme to pozorovali v laborato\u0159\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Lum\u00edr Gvo\u017ed\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Teplej\u0161\u00ed voda urychluje v\u00fdvoj<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdsledky experimentu uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee ve vyh\u0159\u00edvan\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch larvy obou druh\u016f \u010dolk\u016f urychlily sv\u016fj v\u00fdvoj. Rychlej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj je pro \u010dolky v\u00fdhodn\u00fd, proto\u017ee jim zvy\u0161uje \u0161anci na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. T\u016f\u0148ky toti\u017e mohou v pr\u016fb\u011bhu l\u00e9ta vyschnout a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u010dolek nedos\u00e1hne metamorf\u00f3zy v\u010das, vyschl\u00e1 t\u016f\u0148 se mu stane osudnou. P\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem bylo zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee rychlost r\u016fstu larev, kter\u00e1 je rovn\u011b\u017e z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na teplot\u011b, byla v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00edce ovlivn\u011bna vnitro- a mezidruhovou konkurenc\u00ed. Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt vliv zm\u011bny klimatu na populace oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f nelze pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b obecn\u00fdch trend\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zm\u011bny teploty vzduchu, proto\u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost jejich larev je ovlivn\u011bna podm\u00ednkami pro termoregulaci a potravn\u00ed konkurenc\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi druhy v n\u00e1dr\u017ei \u010di t\u016fni.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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