{"id":257168,"date":"2024-06-15T21:46:24","date_gmt":"2024-06-15T20:46:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=257168"},"modified":"2024-06-15T21:46:24","modified_gmt":"2024-06-15T20:46:24","slug":"stara-sumava-letni-slunovrat-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=257168","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Letn\u00ed slunovrat"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Letn\u00ed slunovrat neboli za\u010d\u00e1tek astronomick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ta nastane v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce 20. \u010dervna ve 22 hodin a 51 minut.<\/h6>\n

Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se to po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 tak p\u0159esn\u011b na minuty? Astronomick\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek l\u00e9ta je odvozen od p\u0159esn\u00e9ho okam\u017eiku letn\u00edho slunovratu. To je okam\u017eik, kdy se Slunce p\u0159i sv\u00e9m putov\u00e1n\u00ed po obloze dostane nejd\u00e1l na sever a za\u010dne se vracet zp\u011bt na jih. Letn\u00ed slunovrat byl v \u017eivot\u011b na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f v\u017edy v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm dnem.<\/p>\n

…Celono\u010dn\u00ed bd\u011bn\u00ed venku pod nebem a\u017e do v\u00fdchodu slunce; magick\u00e9 ob\u0159ady a milostn\u00e9 kouzlen\u00ed. Proces\u00ed se zap\u00e1len\u00fdmi lou\u010demi; vyhazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ehnouc\u00edch ko\u0161\u0165at do vzduchu na ochranu p\u0159ed ne\u010dist\u00fdmi silami; r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u201eoh\u0148ov\u00e9 hry\u201c; zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch oh\u0148\u016f z dev\u00edti druh\u016f d\u0159eva a jejich ob\u0159adn\u00e9 obch\u00e1zen\u00ed v kruhu. P\u0159eskakov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch ohniv\u00fdch hranic, chozen\u00ed po \u017ehav\u00fdch uhl\u00edc\u00edch vyhasl\u00fdch oh\u0148\u016f pro \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed. Stav\u011bn\u00ed ob\u0159adn\u00fdch olt\u00e1\u0159\u016f v bl\u00edzkosti pramen\u016f a studn\u00ed; ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, sv\u011bcen\u00ed, zdoben\u00ed a obch\u00e1zen\u00ed stud\u00e1nek po sm\u011bru hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010dek; vhazov\u00e1n\u00ed dar\u016f sol\u00e1rn\u00edm boh\u016fm (ohe\u0148) a lun\u00e1rn\u00edm bohyn\u00edm (voda) do stud\u00e1nek \u010di studn\u00ed; p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ob\u011btin pramen\u016fm a studn\u00edm, obvykle medu a kol\u00e1\u010d\u016f; kropen\u00ed obydl\u00ed sv\u011bcenou vodou. Myt\u00ed obli\u010deje rann\u00ed rosou; sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed rann\u00ed rosy b\u00edl\u00fdmi prost\u011bradly na luk\u00e1ch a re\u017en\u00fdch pol\u00edch pro kr\u00e1su a jin\u00e1 kouzla…<\/p>\n

Slunovrat se velmi \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148uje se svatoj\u00e1nskou noc\u00ed, jsou tu ov\u0161em mal\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. Slunovrat je pohansk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, kter\u00fd se c\u00edrkvi samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nel\u00edbil, a tak ho cht\u011bla potla\u010dit, co\u017e se j\u00ed do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry povedlo a velkou roli p\u0159i tomto sv\u00e1tku m\u011bl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ohe\u0148, voda, nahota a zele\u0148. Proto\u017ee ji\u017e ve 3. stolet\u00ed byl k\u0159es\u0165anskou c\u00edrkv\u00ed p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam slunovrat\u016fm, stal se zimn\u00ed slunovrat oslavou p\u0159\u00edchodu na sv\u011bt d\u00edt\u011bte Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e a letn\u00ed slunovrat pak sv\u00e1tkem narozen\u00ed jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce a zv\u011bstovatele, Jana K\u0159titele. K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev tak prom\u011bnila dv\u011b z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch oslav v p\u0159ipom\u00ednku dvou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho roku a zatla\u010dila do pozad\u00ed jejich prvotn\u00ed “pohansk\u00fd” v\u00fdznam. Aby mohla c\u00edrkev, a\u0165 u\u017e katolick\u00e1 nebo pravoslavn\u00e1, tomuto jevu zabr\u00e1nit, musela sv\u00e1tky slunovratu zak\u00e1zat nebo je nahradit tak, aby jejich symbolika mohla b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 navenek ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e1 noc je lidov\u00fd sv\u00e1tek slav\u00edc\u00ed se v p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho sv\u011btce Jana K\u0159titele, kter\u00fd je spojov\u00e1n s o\u010distou sv\u011bta. Tradice a ritu\u00e1ly svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 noci se velmi shoduj\u00ed s ritu\u00e1ly slunovratu. Bylo z nich jen odebr\u00e1no to, co c\u00edrkev shled\u00e1vala nevhodn\u00fdm, nap\u0159\u00edklad hromadn\u00e1 koupel bez oble\u010den\u00ed p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm oslav letn\u00edho slunovratu. Letn\u00ed slunovrat se stal v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm slovansk\u00e9 Evrop\u011b synonymem svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f. Oba sv\u00e1tky splynuly, ale v \u010cech\u00e1ch se slunovrat slavil podle pohansk\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu je\u0161t\u011b dlouho po christianizaci.<\/p>\n

Kronik\u00e1\u0159 Kosmas p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee roku 1092 kn\u00ed\u017ee B\u0159etislav II. \u201evyhnal ze zem\u011b \u010darod\u011bjn\u00edky, v\u011b\u0161tce a pohansk\u00e9 hada\u010de\u201c. Podle Kosmy kn\u00ed\u017ee vyko\u0159enil \u201eoby\u010deje pov\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 polonaz\u00ed vesni\u010dan\u00e9 o slunovratu v outer\u00fd nebo ve st\u0159edu zachov\u00e1vali, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edce d\u00e1rky ke stud\u00e1nk\u00e1m, ob\u011bti zab\u00edjeli a zl\u00fdm duch\u016fm ob\u011btovali.\u201c<\/p>\n

Postupem \u010dasu do\u0161lo ke zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed situaci \u2013 lid\u00e9 slavili slunovrat po sv\u00e9m, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 za\u010dali uct\u00edvat i sv. Jana K\u0159titele, jeho\u017e narozen\u00ed slav\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 24. \u010dervna. P\u0159evrstvili tak pohansk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, ale z\u00e1klad z\u016fstal vlastn\u011b stejn\u00fd. Oslavuje se narozen\u00ed, \u017eivot, v\u00edra a touha.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> FILIPCOV\u00c1, B. – Voln\u00fd \u010das in Mal\u00fd sociologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk, Praha: Svoboda, 1970.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Letn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":311183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/15\/ram-slunovrat.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257168"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=257168"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257168\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311182,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257168\/revisions\/311182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/311183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=257168"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=257168"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=257168"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}