{"id":256801,"date":"2023-06-13T11:59:54","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T10:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=256801"},"modified":"2023-06-13T11:59:54","modified_gmt":"2023-06-13T10:59:54","slug":"stara-sumava-slavnost-boziho-tela-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=256801","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Slavnost Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sv\u00e1tek Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla byl jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch, na kter\u00e9 si po\u010d\u00e1tkem pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let hodlal nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim d\u016fkladn\u011b posv\u00edtit. Na stolech c\u00edrkevn\u00edch tajemn\u00edk\u016f nar\u016fstaly stohy zpr\u00e1v a hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed inform\u00e1tor\u016f o kon\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fvod\u016f Bo\u017e\u00edho t\u011bla na venkov\u011b.<\/h6>\n

Rokem 1955 toti\u017e vrcholila takzvan\u00e1 protiakce, kdy se sv\u00e1tek Bo\u017e\u00edho t\u011bla z rozhodnut\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f m\u011bl p\u0159esunout ze \u010dtvrtka na ned\u011bli. M\u011blo tomu napomoci mimo jin\u00e9 i z\u00e1konn\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho voln\u00e9ho dne, kter\u00fdm \u010dtvrtek Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla od dob Rakouska-Uherska v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b byl. Sou\u010dasn\u011b s t\u00edm komunist\u00e9 vymysleli nov\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, kter\u00fdm by Bo\u017e\u00ed T\u011blo p\u0159etrumfli a tak roku 1955 p\u0159ik\u00e1zali v term\u00ednu Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla slavit nov\u011b vykonstruovan\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, takzvan\u00fd Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den d\u011bt\u00ed. Toho roku jsou ji\u017e od sam\u00e9ho r\u00e1na d\u011bti organisovan\u011b l\u00e1k\u00e1ny mimo dosah kostela. Sportovn\u00ed hry v\u0161eho druhu, prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed atraktivn\u00edch film\u016f, st\u0159elnice, st\u00e1nky s r\u016fzn\u00fdm ob\u010derstven\u00edm. Po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se s t\u00edm, \u017ee se p\u0159idaj\u00ed i rodi\u010de a nav\u00edc u\u010ditel\u00e9 dostali \u00fa\u010dast na t\u011bchto \u201ed\u011btsk\u00fdch\u201c oslav\u00e1ch jako povinnost.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad v hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z roku 1956 udava\u010d u\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pl\u00e1\u010de:
\n“…kolem olt\u00e1\u0159\u016f byly rozestav\u011bny m\u00e1jky, o kter\u00e9 se pak lid\u00e9 m\u00e1lem poprali. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny ob\u010dany z pr\u016fvodu Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla zn\u00e1m osobn\u011b – v pr\u016fvodu bylo dokonce i mnoho uv\u011bdom\u011bl\u00fdch soudruh\u016f s cel\u00fdmi sv\u00fdmi rodinami “. A proto se ani nem\u016f\u017eeme divit z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b v hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jin\u00e9ho bo\u017e\u00edt\u011blov\u00e9ho udava\u010de: “Po ideologick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce n\u00e1s je\u0161t\u011b bude mezi ob\u010dany na\u0161eho kraje \u010dekat hodn\u011b pr\u00e1ce “.<\/em><\/p>\n

A tak, a\u017e letos p\u016fjdou ulicemi m\u011bst a vesnic v kraji op\u011bt svobodn\u011b pr\u016fvody Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla, vzpome\u0148me v koutku du\u0161e i on\u011bch aktivn\u00edch udava\u010d\u016f. Nebo\u0165 tyto stavebn\u00ed kameny totality jsou zde st\u00e1le. I kdy\u017e v pr\u016fvodech dnes nejsou tolik vid\u011bt. Zat\u00edm…<\/p>\n

Slavnost T\u011bla a Krve P\u00e1n\u011b \u2013 lidov\u011b Bo\u017e\u00ed T\u011blo \u2013 je jeden z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch pohybliv\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve. Slav\u00ed se v\u017edy ve \u010dtvr\u00adtek po sv\u00e1tku Nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Trojice a jeho pohyblivost souvis\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s term\u00ednem hlavn\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, Velikonoc. Vznik sv\u00e1tku Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla je spat\u0159ov\u00e1n v souvislosti s rozmachem kultu olt\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed sv\u00e1tosti ve 12. stolet\u00ed. Teologie p\u0159itom zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zd\u016fraz\u0148ovala re\u00e1lnou p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u201ecel\u00e9ho Krista” v konsekrovan\u00e9m chlebu. Opakovan\u00e1 vid\u011bn\u00ed augustini\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u0159eholnice Juli\u00e1ny z Lutychu v roce 1209 se stala v t\u00e9to situaci \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm podn\u011btem pro zaveden\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku ke cti nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tosti a roku 1264 ho pape\u017e Urban IV. p\u0159edepsal pro celou c\u00edrkev. Pr\u016fvody Bo\u017e\u00edho<\/p>\n

T\u011bla jsou dolo\u017een\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 v Kol\u00edn\u011b nad R\u00fdnem po roce 1274. U\u017e ve 14. stolet\u00ed byly oslavy Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla obvykl\u00e9 v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. V na\u0161ich zem\u00edch pr\u016fvod vst\u0159ebal prvky tzv. poln\u00edho prosebn\u00e9ho proces\u00ed. Zastavoval se u \u010dty\u0159 venkovn\u00edch olt\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kde byly postupn\u011b zp\u00edv\u00e1ny za\u010d\u00e1tky v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 evangeli\u00ed do \u010dty\u0159 sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran, konaly se prosebn\u00e9 modlitby a ud\u00edlelo se sv\u00e1tostn\u00e9 po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed. V barokn\u00ed dob\u011b se pr\u016fvod rozvi\u00adnul v ok\u00e1zalou slavnost. K c\u00edrkevn\u00edm ob\u0159ad\u016fm se ale p\u0159idru\u017eil i sv\u011btsk\u00fd a lidov\u00fd \u017eivel, mj. ve zdobnosti, ozvl\u00e1\u0161t\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed cestu monstrance s T\u011blem P\u00e1n\u011b, a zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ve v\u00ed\u0159e v magick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky posv\u011bcen\u00fdch rostlin.<\/p>\n

Bo\u017e\u00ed T\u011blo se utv\u00e1\u0159elo jako m\u011bstsk\u00e1 slavnost. \u0158emeslnick\u00e9 cechy, stejn\u011b jako liter\u00e1tsk\u00e1 bratrstva, m\u011bly \u00fa\u010dast v bo\u017e\u00edt\u011blov\u00e9m proces\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo zakotvenou ve sv\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dech a jednotliv\u00e9 korporace m\u011bly v proces\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed etnografka Eva Ve\u010derkov\u00e1, v Jev\u00ed\u010dku v roce 1472 \u0161li ve stanoven\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed tkalci, kol\u00e1\u0159i, bedn\u00e1\u0159i, provazn\u00edci, olejn\u00edci, vete\u0161n\u00edci, lazebn\u00edci a nakonec souken\u00edci a potom p\u00e1ni star\u0161\u00ed se svoj\u00ed korouhv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V 19. a ve 20. stolet\u00ed tvo\u0159ila tak\u00e9 na venkov\u011b a ve farn\u00edch vs\u00edch slavnost Bo\u017e\u00edho T\u011bla v\u017eitou a obl\u00edbenou sou\u010d\u00e1st ro\u010dn\u00edho sv\u00e1tkov\u00e9ho cyklu. Okna dom\u016f zdobily svat\u00e9 obrazy, sv\u00edcny s roz\u017eat\u00fdmi sv\u00ed\u010dkami a kv\u011btiny. Tzv. kostel\u00ed\u010dky, olt\u00e1\u0159\u00edky zbudovan\u00e9 ve v\u00fdklenc\u00edch nebo v pr\u016fjezdech dom\u016f, si rodiny ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b zdobily obrazy svat\u00fdch, kv\u00edt\u00edm a b\u0159ezov\u00fdmi m\u00e1jkami. C\u00edrkevn\u00ed pokyny na\u0159izovaly i kon\u0161el\u016fm o sv\u00e1tku Bo\u017e\u00edho t\u011bla \u00fa\u010dastnit se s ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi sv\u00edcemi proces\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 m\u011bli stl\u00e1t tr\u00e1vu na zem, stav\u011bt p\u0159ed domy m\u00e1je, zdobit domy a rozsv\u011bcovat v nich sv\u00edce (Jind\u0159ich\u016fv Hradec). Zejm\u00e9na ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech vynikaly pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed barokn\u00ed pr\u016fvody rozm\u011brnost\u00ed a v\u00fdrazovou bohatost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010cestn\u00e9 funkce \u2013 nap\u0159. nesen\u00ed baldach\u00fdnu nad kn\u011bzem s monstranc\u00ed, zast\u00e1vali starosta, radn\u00ed, p\u0159edn\u00ed sedl\u00e1ci a pozd\u011bji z\u00e1stupci katolic\u00adk\u00fdch spolk\u016f. Do pr\u016fb\u011bhu proces\u00ed se rovn\u011b\u017e usazovaly nov\u00e9 prvky. To kdy\u017e p\u0159ijela na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed ozdoben\u00e1 hasi\u010dsk\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edka\u010dka, na n\u00ed\u017e stoj\u00edc\u00ed uniformovan\u00fd hasi\u010d se zvolna ot\u00e1\u010del sm\u011brem k monstranci. U olt\u00e1\u0159\u016f zazn\u00edvaly tak\u00e9 oslavn\u00e9 salvy z mo\u017ed\u00ed\u0159\u016f. V p\u016fsobiv\u00e9m proces\u00ed \u0161li \u010dlenov\u00e9 spolk\u016f a \u0159emeslnick\u00fdch sdru\u017een\u00ed, hasi\u010di a vojen\u0161t\u00ed veter\u00e1ni, \u0161koln\u00ed ml\u00e1de\u017e se sv\u00fdmi u\u010diteli, dru\u017ei\u010dky, d\u00edv\u010diny velk\u00e9 i mal\u00e9 v b\u00edl\u00fdch \u0161atech a v\u011bnc\u00edch. P\u0159ed kn\u011bzem s monstranc\u00ed sypaly na zem kv\u011bty z prout\u011bn\u00fdch ko\u0161\u00edk\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho tvaru; \u0159\u00edkalo se jim bo\u017e\u00edt\u011blov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Bo\u017e\u00edt\u011blov\u00e1 zele\u0148 byla v lidov\u00fdch p\u0159edsta\u00adv\u00e1ch magick\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzn\u011b osudu. Svazky kv\u011bt\u016f, v\u011bne\u010dky bylin, zelen\u00e9 m\u00e1jky pod\u00e9l trasy proces\u00ed i tr\u00e1va shraban\u00e1 z cesty, to v\u0161e, po dotyku mon\u00adstrance m\u011blo v agr\u00e1rn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 u\u017eit\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159ilo se v p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek roub\u00edk\u016f, zhotoven\u00fdch z bo\u017e\u00edt\u011blov\u00fdch m\u00e1jek. Obil\u00ed, p\u0159i \u017en\u00edch sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 takov\u00fdmi roub\u00edky, pr\u00fd my\u0161i ve stodole nese\u017eerou, ale naopak se odst\u011bhuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ochrann\u00e9 a l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky lid\u00e9 p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtali sv\u011bcen\u00fdm svaze\u010dk\u016fm nebo v\u011bnc\u016fm vybran\u00fdch rostlin. N\u011bkde je kladli p\u0159\u00edmo na olt\u00e1\u0159e, jinde je nosili sv\u011btit do kostela. Odvar z nich pom\u00e1hal uzdravit nemocn\u00e9 dobyt\u010de. V\u011bnec se p\u00e1lil p\u0159i bou\u0159i, aby ji uti\u0161il, a m\u011bl ochr\u00e1nit i \u0161estined\u011blku. B\u0159ezov\u00e9 v\u011btvi\u010dky se d\u00e1valy doma za obr\u00e1zky, do pole jako ochrana p\u0159ed krupobit\u00edm, do lni\u0161t\u011b, aby len vyrostl tak vysok\u00fd jako ta haluzka.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Zden\u011bk Vejvoda<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Sv\u00e1tek <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":280984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/13\/ram-slavnost.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/256801"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=256801"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/256801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":280985,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/256801\/revisions\/280985"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/280984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=256801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=256801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=256801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}