{"id":256255,"date":"2022-06-09T20:44:07","date_gmt":"2022-06-09T19:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=256255"},"modified":"2022-06-09T20:50:25","modified_gmt":"2022-06-09T19:50:25","slug":"studie-lekari-vakcinam-zcela-veri-kdyby-to-lide-vedeli-nechali-by-se-ockovat-vice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=256255","title":{"rendered":"STUDIE \u010cESK\u00ddCH V\u011aDC\u016e: L\u00e9ka\u0159i vakc\u00edn\u00e1m zcela v\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Kdyby toto lid\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli, nechali by se o\u010dkovat v\u00edce"},"content":{"rendered":"
Jeden z nepresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f sv\u011bta Nature v nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00edsle publikoval v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00fdmu \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f. Jejich empirick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum dokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st ve\u0159ejnosti m\u00e1 zkreslen\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o n\u00e1zorech l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti covidu-19. To pak sni\u017euje jejich ochotu nechat se o\u010dkovat. A\u010dkoli naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje a podporuje ho, mezi ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1zory l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f jsou rozd\u011bleny zhruba p\u016fl na p\u016fl. Informov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti o \u0161irok\u00e9 n\u00e1zorov\u00e9 shod\u011b na stran\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f dlouhodob\u011b zvy\u0161uje m\u00edru proo\u010dkovanosti a hraje v\u00fdznamnou roli v boji proti pandemii covid-19.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Auto\u0159i studie p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na CERGE-EI (spole\u010dn\u00e9m pracovi\u0161ti Univerzity Karlovy a N\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR), Institutu ekonomick\u00fdch studi\u00ed p\u0159i Fakult\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd Univerzity Karlovy, Univerzit\u011b v Mnichov\u011b a Max Planck Institutu v Mnichov\u011b realizovali rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 dotazn\u00edkov\u00e1 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Ta se jednak zam\u011b\u0159ila na zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 komunity ohledn\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a vedle toho na pov\u011bdom\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti ohledn\u011b t\u011bchto n\u00e1zor\u016f l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f. Pot\u00e9 auto\u0159i zkoumali vliv poskytnut\u00ed informace o skute\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1zorech l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f na rozhodnut\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f nechat se o\u010dkovat.<\/p>\n

\u201eZjistili jsme, \u017ee informov\u00e1n\u00ed o velk\u00e9 n\u00e1zorov\u00e9 shod\u011b ohledn\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161nosti o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi l\u00e9ka\u0159i je levn\u00fd a dlouhodob\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it z\u00e1jem o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> shrnuje v\u00fdsledky studie jej\u00ed spoluautor Michal Bauer.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed ze zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch dotazn\u00edkov\u00fdch \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed prob\u011bhlo v \u00fanoru 2021 mezi \u010desk\u00fdmi l\u00e9ka\u0159i ze v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed republiky. Zam\u011b\u0159ovalo se na n\u00e1zory l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se schv\u00e1len\u00fdch vakc\u00edn. Z 10 tis\u00edc l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se pr\u016fzkumu m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastnili, v\u011b\u0159ilo vakc\u00edn\u00e1m 89 %. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jich 90 % ji\u017e bylo o\u010dkov\u00e1no nebo se pl\u00e1novalo nao\u010dkovat. A\u017e 96 % l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f by pak doporu\u010dilo o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdm zdrav\u00fdm pacient\u016fm.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina ve\u0159ejnosti si v\u0161ak tohoto konsensu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 komunity v\u011bdoma nebyla. To se zjistilo d\u00edky druh\u00e9mu \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prob\u011bhlo v r\u00e1mci \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed \u017divot b\u011bhem pandemie, realizovan\u00e9 agenturou PAQ Research, jeho\u017e se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 2 101 respondent\u016f. Respondenti odhadovali, jak\u00e9 procento l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f vakc\u00edn\u00e1m v\u011b\u0159\u00ed a chce b\u00fdt nao\u010dkov\u00e1no. Zhruba 90 % z nich podcenilo m\u00edru podpory o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed uvnit\u0159 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 komunity. V pr\u016fm\u011bru si lid\u00e9 mysl\u00ed, \u017ee schv\u00e1len\u00fdm vakc\u00edn\u00e1m v\u011b\u0159\u00ed pouze 60 % l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, a \u017ee jen 57 % l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f se chce nechat nao\u010dkovat.<\/p>\n

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N\u00e1hodn\u011b vybran\u00e1 polovina respondent\u016f pak dostala v b\u0159eznu 2021 pravdiv\u00e9 informace o n\u00e1zorech mezi l\u00e9ka\u0159i na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, tedy \u017ee 90 % z nich vakc\u00edn\u00e1m d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje a chce se o\u010dkovat. Druh\u00e1 polovina respondent\u016f tyto informace nedostala. To v\u011bdc\u016fm umo\u017enilo v\u011brohodn\u011b odhadnout, jakou roli hraje znalost skute\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 komunity pro ochotu se o\u010dkovat. Po dobu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 9 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f toti\u017e v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci u respondent\u016f sledovali, zda se nechali nao\u010dkovat.<\/p>\n

Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee poskytnut\u00e1 informace nejen korigovala zkreslen\u00e9 domn\u011bnky o n\u00e1zorech l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161ila proo\u010dkovanost o 4,5 procentn\u00edho bodu. Procento lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodli nenao\u010dkovat, se tedy sn\u00ed\u017eilo o cel\u00fdch 20 %.<\/p>\n

\u201eVliv na proo\u010dkovanost byl stabiln\u00ed a dlouhodob\u00fd. I jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 poskytnut\u00ed informace zv\u00fd\u0161ilo proo\u010dkovanost po dobu minim\u00e1ln\u011b 9 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a p\u0159isp\u011blo i k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu o t\u0159et\u00ed d\u00e1vku,\u201c<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje spoluautorka studie Julie Chytilov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i studie se shoduj\u00ed v z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee myln\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy ve\u0159ejnosti o n\u00e1zorech l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 komunity jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobeny snahou \u0159ady m\u00e9di\u00ed zprost\u0159edkovat ke kontroverzn\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm opa\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory. Poskytnut\u00ed obdobn\u00e9ho prostoru protich\u016fdn\u00fdm n\u00e1zorov\u00fdm proud\u016fm toti\u017e p\u0159itahuje pozornost div\u00e1k\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zd\u00e1n\u00ed objektivn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Tato praxe v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee ve spole\u010dnosti vytv\u00e1\u0159et zkreslenou p\u0159edstavu o m\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1zorov\u00e9 neshody mezi odborn\u00edky a podr\u00fdvat jej\u00ed schopnost \u010delit celospole\u010densk\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m. \u201eNovin\u00e1\u0159i by se proto m\u011bli sna\u017eit poskytovat informace nejen o n\u00e1zorov\u00fdch rozd\u00edlech mezi odborn\u00edky ale i o m\u00ed\u0159e konsensu n\u00e1zor\u016f mezi \u0161irokou odbornou ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed Chytilov\u00e1. \u201eTento probl\u00e9m, kdy zkreslen\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o nejednotnosti expert\u016f oslabuj\u00ed schopnost \u0159e\u0161it glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvy, se velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b t\u00fdk\u00e1 i \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad debat o klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch.\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Bauer. V\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to studie tak patrn\u011b maj\u00ed p\u0159esah do cel\u00e9 \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 pandemie je jen jedn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho fenom\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie:<\/strong> Vojt\u011bch Barto\u0161, Michal Bauer, Jana Cahl\u00edkov\u00e1 and Julie Chytilov\u00e1 (2022): Communicating doctors\u2019 consensus persistently increases Covid-19 vaccinations. Nature, June 1, https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04805-y<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i studie:<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Vojt\u011bch Barto\u0161:<\/strong> Department of Economics, University of Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Mnichov, N\u011bmecko. Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan, Via Conservatorio 7, 20122 Milan, It\u00e1lie<\/p>\n

Michal Bauer:<\/strong> CERGE-EI, spole\u010dn\u00e9 akademick\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b Centra pro ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a doktorsk\u00e1 studia univerzity Karlovy (CERGE) a N\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (NH\u00da). Institut ekonomick\u00fdch studi\u00ed Fakulty soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd Univerzity Karlovy.<\/p>\n

Jana Cahl\u00edkov\u00e1:<\/strong> Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance, Mnichov, N\u011bmecko.<\/p>\n

Julie Chytilov\u00e1:<\/strong> Institut ekonomick\u00fdch studi\u00ed Fakulty soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd Univerzity Karlovy. CERGE-EI, spole\u010dn\u00e9 akademick\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b Centra pro ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a doktorsk\u00e1 studia univerzity Karlovy (CERGE) a N\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (NH\u00da).<\/p>\n

O studii \u0159ekli:<\/h6>\n

\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Jurajda:<\/strong> V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch t\u00fdmu z N\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV a Univerzity Karlovy ukazuje nejen na excelenci v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v ekonomii na t\u011bchto pracovi\u0161t\u00edch, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli, kterou empirick\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy mohou hr\u00e1t p\u0159i zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch kriz\u00ed. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m epidemie nebyla schopnost vyvinout vakc\u00edny, ale schopnost nastavit \u00fa\u010dinnou komunika\u010dn\u00ed strategii podporuj\u00edc\u00ed ochotu k vakcinaci. Zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edch spole\u010densk\u00fdch v\u00fdzev st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, adaptace spole\u010dnosti na klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a imigraci, regulace trh\u016f, dezinfomac\u00ed a udr\u017een\u00ed demokracie v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku bude z\u00e1viset na schopnosti podlo\u017eit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 politiky u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdmi podklady. Bohu\u017eel jsou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy u n\u00e1s dlouhodob\u011b v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm srovn\u00e1n\u00ed podfinancovan\u00e9 oproti jin\u00fdm oborov\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m a podpora excelence je v nich tak\u00e9 velmi omezen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Filip Mat\u011bjka:<\/strong> Je to ohromn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek pro aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u011bn\u00ed, nejenom v r\u00e1mci covidu a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejenom pro na\u0161i zemi. Moji kolegov\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ve\u0159ejnost vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011b ty informace, kter\u00fdmi by se nechali p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit moud\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9. Ta informace je: kolik procent l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f se samo nechalo o\u010dkovat \u010di kolik z nich to doporu\u010duje ostatn\u00edm. Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba, aby n\u00e1s p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovali charismati\u010dt\u00ed herci a ani nen\u00ed t\u0159eba, aby v m\u00e9di\u00edch zazn\u00edval jeden hlas pro a jeden proti, kdy\u017e 90 procent odborn\u00edk\u016f je pro. Lid\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 statistiky. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee jde v historii o prvn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek \u010desk\u00fdch ekonom\u016f v Nature. Obrovsk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>\n

Daniel M\u00fcnich:<\/strong> Jde o obrovsk\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch \u010desk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. V jednom z nepresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f (Nature) m\u011blo b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch deseti let alespo\u0148 jednoho \u010desk\u00e9ho spoluautora pouze 108 \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. A v oblasti spole\u010densk\u00fdch v\u011bd je to dokonce \u010dl\u00e1nek jedin\u00fd, kde p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed a hraj\u00ed vedouc\u00ed roli auto\u0159i p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na \u010desk\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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