{"id":255705,"date":"2022-06-02T17:49:38","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T16:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=255705"},"modified":"2022-06-03T13:34:11","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T12:34:11","slug":"hygienicka-stanice-v-jihoceskem-kraji-je-132-hiv-pozitivnich-osob-za-rok-pribylo-sedm-novych-pripadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=255705","title":{"rendered":"HYGIENICK\u00c1 STANICE: V Jiho\u010desk\u00e9m kraji je nyn\u00ed 132 HIV pozitivn\u00edch osob"},"content":{"rendered":"

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P\u0159ed p\u011btat\u0159iceti lety \u2013 31. \u0159\u00edjna 1987 \u2013 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b podlehl v tehdej\u0161\u00edm \u010ceskoslovensku syndromu z\u00edskan\u00e9ho selh\u00e1n\u00ed imunity, smrteln\u00e9mu virov\u00e9mu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed HIV\/AIDS, prvn\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd pacient. V kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b o tom bez bli\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f informovalo tehdej\u0161\u00ed Rud\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. Od t\u00e9 doby podlehlo tomuto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u n\u00e1s 354 osob.<\/h6>\n

Syndromem z\u00edskan\u00e9ho selh\u00e1n\u00ed imunity (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) se od roku 1981, kdy byl pops\u00e1n prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, nakazily ve sv\u011bt\u011b des\u00edtky milion\u016f osob. WHO aktu\u00e1ln\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed kolem pades\u00e1ti milion\u016f pozitivn\u00edch. Devastuj\u00edc\u00ed je v zem\u00edch t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v subsaharsk\u00e9 Africe, kde zas\u00e1hl a\u017e \u010dtvrtinu populace. V Evrop\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejrizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblasti n\u011bkter\u00e9 postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed data N\u00e1rodn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159e pro AIDS St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu mapuj\u00ed situaci v \u010cR do konce dubna 2022. Od roku 1986, kdy byl zah\u00e1jen systematick\u00fd monitoring, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno 4 159 potvrzen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f HIV pozitivn\u00edch ob\u010dan\u016f \u010cR nebo zde trvale \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch cizinc\u016f. Z toho 790 osob je nebo bylo ve st\u00e1diu AIDS, 356 osob tomuto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed podlehlo. D\u00edky l\u00e9\u010db\u011b se v posledn\u00edch letech otev\u00edraj\u00ed statistick\u00e9 n\u016f\u017eky mezi HIV pozitivn\u00edmi a pacienty ve st\u00e1diu AIDS. V drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b se ale jedn\u00e1 o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f: Potvrzeno je kumulativn\u011b 3 566 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f u mu\u017e\u016f a 593 u \u017een. Ve stadiu AIDS je 641 mu\u017e\u016f a 149 \u017een.<\/p>\n

\u201eHIV, \u010dili Human Immunodeficiency Virus, je nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en krv\u00ed, spermatem a sekretem infikovan\u00fdch osob. U\u017e z t\u00e9to definice \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s rizikov\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestou p\u0159enosu je dnes jak\u00fdkoliv nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd sex, sd\u00edlen\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek, jehel \u010di roztok\u016f u nitro\u017eiln\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f drog a v minulosti, ne\u017e se poda\u0159ilo stoprocentn\u011b identifikovat cesty p\u0159enosu, doch\u00e1zelo i k p\u0159enosu nap\u0159\u00edklad z krevn\u00edch deriv\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159i transf\u00faz\u00edch, v dev\u00edti p\u0159\u00edpadech je u n\u00e1s pops\u00e1n i p\u0159enos z t\u011bhotn\u00e9 matky na d\u00edt\u011b. Ale to jsou p\u0159\u00edpady hlavn\u011b z osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kdy l\u00e9ka\u0159i teprve sb\u00edrali informace o tom, jak k \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed a co v\u0161e je t\u0159eba sledovat,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0159editelka Krajsk\u00e9 hygienick\u00e9 stanice Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje Kvetoslava Kotrbov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 byla \u0159adu let i \u010dlenkou odborn\u00e9 komise pro HIV\/AIDS Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eDnes vid\u00edme jasn\u00fd trend: P\u0159i depist\u00e1\u017ei nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu jednozna\u010dn\u011b nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd sex, v mnohem men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve d\u00edky v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fdm program\u016fm sd\u00edlen\u00ed infikovan\u00e9ho injek\u010dn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu. U n\u00e1s je v\u00fdrazn\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestou p\u0159enosu nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo bisexu\u00e1ln\u00ed styk,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Kvetoslava Kotrbov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tento zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu uv\u00e1d\u00ed 2 711 HIV pozitivn\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f, 369 z nich je nebo bylo ve st\u00e1diu AIDS. Heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed styk uv\u00e1d\u00ed 524 mu\u017e\u016f a 520 \u017een, 300 pacient\u016f z t\u00e9to skupiny je ve stadiu AIDS. V po\u0159ad\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestou p\u0159enosu je injek\u010dn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog. Takto onemocn\u011blo 117 mu\u017e\u016f a 37 \u017een, 55 z nich je ve st\u00e1diu AIDS. Velkou skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed i kombinace nitro\u017eiln\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f a homo nebo bisexu\u00e1ln\u00edho styku, takto onemocn\u011blo 76 mu\u017e\u016f, 14 je ve st\u00e1diu AIDS.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na jednotliv\u00e9 regiony republiky, Jiho\u010desk\u00fd kraj byl v dubnu 2022 se 132 p\u0159\u00edpady HIV pozitivity a relativn\u00edm v\u00fdskytem 20,5 p\u0159\u00edpadu na sto tis\u00edc obyvatel regionu na dev\u00e1t\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b mezi \u010dtrn\u00e1cti kraji \u010cR. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je koncentrov\u00e1n v Praze, kter\u00e1 eviduje kumulativn\u011b 1 970 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f (tj. 147,6 na sto tis\u00edc), vysok\u00fd relativn\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je na Karlovarsku (116 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, tj. 39,6 na sto tis\u00edc) a v Jihomoravsk\u00e9m kraji (351 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, tj. 29,4 na sto tis\u00edc). Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je evidov\u00e1n na Vyso\u010din\u011b (52 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, tj. 10,2 na sto tis\u00edc). V Jiho\u010desk\u00e9m kraji za obdob\u00ed, kdy je toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1no, dosp\u011blo celkem 36 pacient\u016f do st\u00e1dia AIDS.<\/p>\n

\u201eZa posledn\u00ed rok, od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho kv\u011btna, jsme v na\u0161em kraji zaznamenali sedm nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f HIV pozitivity, z toho za prvn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce roku to byly dva p\u0159\u00edpady, ten posledn\u00ed v b\u0159eznu. Za duben jsme nezaznamenali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. Z dat jasn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee riziko p\u0159enosu dnes zcela p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed se \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem. U mu\u017e\u016f je rizikov\u00fdm faktorem \u010d\u00edslo jedna nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di bisexu\u00e1ln\u00ed styk, u obou pohlav\u00ed pak heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed styk a nitro\u017eiln\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Toto v\u0161echno jsou relativn\u011b snadno odstraniteln\u00e1 rizika a prevence je dostupn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ochrany nebo v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fdch program\u016f o steriln\u00ed injek\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l. Pamatuji si na situaci z konce osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let, kdy jsme se i ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b ob\u00e1vali explozivn\u00edho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, ale d\u00edky dobr\u00e9 informovanosti ve\u0159ejnosti a monitoringu rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f k n\u011bmu na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nedo\u0161lo. P\u0159esto je HIV infekc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 bude v na\u0161\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti p\u0159\u00edtomna i nad\u00e1le, to je pot\u0159eba m\u00edt st\u00e1le na z\u0159eteli a chovat se podle toho,\u201c<\/em> soud\u00ed \u0159editelka KHS Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje Kvetoslava Kotrbov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

(tzkhs)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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