{"id":254330,"date":"2024-05-15T19:23:51","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T18:23:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=254330"},"modified":"2024-05-15T19:23:51","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T18:23:51","slug":"stara-sumava-mouchy-a-mucholapky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=254330","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Mouchy a mucholapky"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V\u0161ichni zn\u00e1me to protivn\u00e9 zah\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed v l\u00e9t\u011b v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch much. Kdy\u017e se rozhodnou znep\u0159\u00edjemnit n\u00e1m ned\u011bln\u00ed ob\u011bd nebo n\u00e1s za\u010dnou sv\u00fdm bzukotem obt\u011b\u017eovat v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch. Jak u\u017e napov\u00edd\u00e1 jej\u00ed cel\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, moucha dom\u00e1c\u00ed je oded\u00e1vna p\u0159itahov\u00e1na k lidsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edbytk\u016fm.<\/h6>\n

Nejen, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee otravn\u011b bzu\u010det, kdy\u017e je n\u00e1m to nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, ale sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u017eivota m\u016f\u017ee velmi snadno m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et i nemoci. Proto je zejm\u00e9na v kuchyn\u00edch nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00edtan\u00fdm vet\u0159elcem. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed oded\u00e1vna vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak se much v p\u0159\u00edbytc\u00edch zbavit. Kdysi se k likvidaci much pou\u017e\u00edvala muchom\u016frka \u010derven\u00e1 (d\u0159\u00edve muchomorka od slov ,,mo\u0159it mouchy\u201c). Traduje se, \u017ee klobouk houby se vym\u00e1\u010del ve sladk\u00e9 vod\u011b \u010di ml\u00e9ce a posypal cukrem. Roztok nal\u00e1kal mouchy, kter\u00e9 se jeho konzumac\u00ed om\u00e1mily \u010di otr\u00e1vily.<\/p>\n

Mucholapky, primitivn\u00ed, prastar\u00e1 a osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e1 pom\u016fcka k lap\u00e1n\u00ed much. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi tradi\u010dn\u00ed metody a vyskytuj\u00ed se ve vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch na d\u011btstv\u00ed mnoh\u00fdch z n\u00e1s a Jedn\u00e1 se o nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed formu lapa\u010de, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed pohledn\u00e1 a o jej\u00ed povl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve vzduchu a namot\u00e1n\u00ed do vlas\u016f asi nikdo nestoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lapa\u010d much (mucholapka) se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k odstran\u011bn\u00ed otravn\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch much v interi\u00e9ru. Mu\u0161ka\u0159sk\u00fd pap\u00edr byl poprv\u00e9 vyvinut v 80. letech 19. stolet\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed kartonov\u00e9ho prou\u017eku v kartonov\u00e9m tubusu vych\u00e1z\u00ed z vyn\u00e1lezu z roku 1909. Prvn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd mu\u0161ka\u0159sk\u00fd pap\u00edr byl vyvinut ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech v 80. letech 19. stolet\u00ed t\u00edm, co se pozd\u011bji stalo zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako The Tanglefoot Company . Drogista William Thum pov\u011b\u0159il sv\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i syny, Ottu, Huga, Williama a Ferdinanda, aby zlep\u0161ili d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, neadekv\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Vyvinuli sm\u011bs na b\u00e1zi ricinov\u00e9ho oleje, prysky\u0159ice a vosku, kter\u00e1 vydr\u017eela mnohem d\u00e9le a nenasytila \u200b\u200bpodkladov\u00fd pap\u00edr. V roce 1887 patentovali svoji zdokonalenou mucholapku a tak\u00e9 ji za\u010dali vyv\u00e1\u017eet do Evropy.<\/p>\n

V roce 1909 vynalezl n\u011bmeck\u00fd \u0161v\u00e1bsk\u00fd cukr\u00e1\u0159 a v\u00fdrobce kapek proti ka\u0161li Theodor Kaiser (1862\u20131930) lapa\u010d much s dlouhou \u017eivotnost\u00ed, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes. Theodor Kaiser pou\u017e\u00edval lepenkov\u00e9 prou\u017eky d\u0159\u00edve pota\u017een\u00e9 cukrov\u00fdm sirupem, ale cukrov\u00fd sirup p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle odkap\u00e1val nebo v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b vyschl, zejm\u00e9na v pek\u00e1rn\u00e1ch s jejich teplem. N\u00e1pad svinut\u00e9ho pruhu uvnit\u0159 kartonov\u00e9ho tubusu p\u0159evzal vyn\u00e1lezce na dovolen\u00e9 v \u010cech\u00e1ch z tamn\u00edho uskladn\u011bn\u00ed lepkav\u00fdch pruh\u016f do kartonu, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak stejn\u011b rychle vysychaly. Doma ve sv\u00e9m rodn\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Waiblingen Kaiser tuto my\u0161lenku d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjel a spolu se sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtelem chemikem byl kone\u010dn\u011b schopen vyrobit spr\u00e1vnou sm\u011bs prysky\u0159ic, tuk\u016f, medu a olej\u016f, kterou lze skladovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neomezen\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 po otev\u0159en\u00ed slou\u017eila mnoho t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n

V roce 1910 byl mucholapka registrov\u00e1na k patentov\u00e1n\u00ed ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku pod zna\u010dkou Aeroplan , ale musela b\u00fdt opu\u0161t\u011bna kv\u016fli n\u00e1mitk\u00e1m ze strany konstrukce letadel a hra\u010dk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. V roce 1911 byl zvolen nov\u00fd n\u00e1zev Aeroxon . V roce 1910 ji\u017e v nov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed budov\u011b na Bahnhofstra\u00dfe 35 pracovalo 105 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. S\u00eddlo firmy zde s\u00eddl\u00ed dodnes.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sv\u011btov\u00fd monopol m\u00e1 \u010cesko v jednom nen\u00e1padn\u00e9m v\u00fdrobku \u2013 v mucholapk\u00e1ch. Zhruba dv\u011b t\u0159etiny sv\u011btov\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 jihomoravsk\u00e1 Pap\u00edrna Moudr\u00fd. V \u010cesku je je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v\u00fdrobce mucholapek: Spole\u010dnost Aeroxon Klatovy, kter\u00e1 ov\u0161em pat\u0159\u00ed pod n\u011bmeck\u00fd koncern Aeroxon.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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