{"id":252670,"date":"2022-04-25T21:09:17","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T20:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=252670"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:28:13","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:28:13","slug":"veda-a-zdravi-pochopeni-ucinku-protinadorovych-leciv-povede-ke-zlepseni-lecby-rakoviny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=252670","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA A ZDRAV\u00cd: Pochopen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinku protin\u00e1dorov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div zlep\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu rakoviny"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f pod veden\u00edm Hany Hanzl\u00edkov\u00e9 z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR a Keitha Caldecotta z Univerzity Sussex ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii objevil, kter\u00e1 m\u00edsta v molekule DNA uvnit\u0159 n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk jsou podstatou \u00fa\u010dinku protin\u00e1dorov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div (tzv. PARP inhibitor\u016f).<\/h6>\n

\"\"V\u00fdsledky publikovan\u00e9 ned\u00e1vno v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Nature Structural and Molecular Biology budou vyu\u017eity k pochopen\u00ed mechanismu \u00fa\u010dinku PARP inhibitor\u016f, kter\u00e9 vedou ke smrti ur\u010dit\u00fdch typ\u016f rakovinn\u00fdch bun\u011bk a otev\u0159ou cestu k nov\u00fdm zp\u016fsob\u016fm l\u00e9\u010dby n\u00e1dor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e t\u011blo je sestaveno z bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vnou funkci pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed informace ulo\u017een\u00e9 v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m j\u00e1d\u0159e v molekule DNA. DNA neboli deoxyribonukleov\u00e1 kyselina je nositelkou genetick\u00e9 informace a p\u0159edur\u010duje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk a p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed cel\u00e9ho organismu. Jej\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed neboli replikace, stejn\u011b tak jako zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed celistvosti, proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolov\u00e1no a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nesrovnalost\u00ed rychle opraveno.<\/p>\n

DNA je dvouvl\u00e1knov\u00e1 molekula a p\u0159i jej\u00edm kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed dv\u011b dvou\u0161roubovice, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u017edy jeden \u0159et\u011bzec z p\u016fvodn\u00ed molekuly a jeden komplement\u00e1rn\u00ed, nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fd. Jedno vl\u00e1kno je kop\u00edrov\u00e1no jednodu\u0161e v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m sm\u011bru a vznik\u00e1 nov\u00e1 identick\u00e1 celistv\u00e1 DNA dvou\u0161roubovice. Druh\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno je v\u0161ak kop\u00edrov\u00e1no v protism\u011bru po kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch, tzv. Okazakiho fragmentech, kter\u00fdch b\u011bhem kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 DNA, tedy jednoho bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u011blen\u00ed, vznikne 30\u201350 milion\u016f. P\u0159esn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed milion\u016f DNA fragment\u016f je proto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed celistvosti dce\u0159in\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna DNA a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed bu\u0148ky.<\/p>\n

Nutn\u00e1 oprava desetitis\u00edc\u016f \u00fasek\u016f<\/h6>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f pod veden\u00edm Hany Hanzl\u00edkov\u00e9 z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR a Keitha Caldecotta z Univerzity Sussex ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii ji\u017e v minulosti dosp\u011bl k p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9mu zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee i kdy\u017e je proces spojov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fasek\u016f DNA b\u011bhem kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed vysoce efektivn\u00ed, nen\u00ed stoprocentn\u00ed. V\u011bdci objevili, \u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159irozen\u00e9m d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk je pot\u0159eba opravit a\u017e desetitis\u00edce nespojen\u00fdch Okazakiho fragment\u016f. M\u00edsta k oprav\u011b jsou rozpozn\u00e1na enzymy z rodiny PARP. O t\u011bch je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee hraj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou roli v jin\u00e9m \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9m procesu, oprav\u011b zlom\u016f vl\u00e1ken DNA vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch nap\u0159. p\u016fsoben\u00edm ionizuj\u00edc\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu je protein PARP molekul\u00e1rn\u00edm c\u00edlem cel\u00e9 skupiny l\u00e1tek zvan\u00e9 PARP inhibitory, kter\u00e9 se klinicky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro l\u00e9\u010dbu karcinom\u016f prsu, vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a prostaty. P\u0159esto je povaha a p\u016fvod struktur DNA, na kter\u00fdch jsou enzymy PARP t\u011bmito inhibitory \u201ezachyceny\u201c, nejasn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201eNov\u00e9 poznatky na\u0161eho \u010desko-britsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu nyn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee PARP inhibitory br\u00e1n\u00ed spojov\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f DNA b\u011bhem kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA v bu\u0148ce a \u017ee meziprodukty nespojen\u00fdch Okazakiho fragment\u016f jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b hlavn\u00edm zdrojem cytotoxicity v rychle se d\u011bl\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch. V\u00fdsledky mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed role PARP inhibitor\u016f v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b n\u00e1dor\u016f a napomoci v\u00fdvoji \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch l\u00e9\u010div tohoto typu,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu Hana Hanzl\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

(tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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