{"id":252066,"date":"2024-03-30T08:19:30","date_gmt":"2024-03-30T07:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=252066"},"modified":"2024-04-01T18:14:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T17:14:51","slug":"stara-sumava-bila-sobota-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=252066","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: B\u00edl\u00e1 sobota"},"content":{"rendered":"

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B\u00edl\u00e1 sobota, jeden ze dn\u016f velikono\u010dn\u00edho t\u00fddne, navazuje na velkop\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru p\u016fstu, hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu. Je to den, ze kter\u00e9ho pramen\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e1 liturgie c\u00edrkve. Sv\u011bcen\u00ed ohn\u011b a sedm \u010dten\u00ed z Bible, v\u0161e v tichosti bez varhan a zvon\u016f, to je za\u010d\u00e1tek B\u00edl\u00e9 soboty.<\/h6>\n

Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se venku p\u0159ed kostelem, jakoby za hranicemi Jeruzal\u00e9ma v m\u00edst\u011b, kde byl P\u00e1n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 ulo\u017een do hrobu. Ob\u0159ad za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b, sv\u011btlem, po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00edm velikono\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edce, kter\u00e1 symbolizuje zmrtv\u00fdchvstal\u00e9ho Krista a jej\u00ed\u017e plamen proza\u0159uje temnotu noci. Dle d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zvyku, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho z \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nov\u00fd den ji\u017e po z\u00e1padu slunce. Nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed noc u\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed ob\u0159ad\u016fm Velikono\u010dn\u00ed vigilie.<\/p>\n

B\u00edl\u00e1 barva symbolizuje \u010distotu, nad\u011bji a tak\u00e9 nov\u00fd \u017eivot. Na B\u00edlou sobotu k\u0159es\u0165an\u016fm kon\u010d\u00ed \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00ed p\u016fst. V tento den se zvony vracej\u00ed z \u0158\u00edma, kam odlet\u011bly na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek, z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v \u0159ad\u011b dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed tak\u00e9 b\u00edlilo a ukl\u00edzelo. Nekonaj\u00ed se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 liturgick\u00e9 ob\u0159ady ani m\u0161e v kostelech. Odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1zev B\u00edl\u00e9 soboty, to se m\u016f\u017eeme dnes jenom dohadovat. Z\u0159ejm\u011b byl odvozen od b\u00edl\u00fdch rouch katechumen\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se po dobu p\u016fstu p\u0159ipravovali na k\u0159est. Byl to posledn\u00ed den p\u016fstu a nesl se ve znamen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprav na Kristovo zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 chod\u00ed do chr\u00e1m\u016f nav\u0161t\u011bvovat takzvan\u00e9 Bo\u017e\u00ed hroby a v\u0161e sm\u011bruje k ve\u010dern\u00ed vigilii. Kosteln\u00ed zvony se znovu rozezn\u011bly a sm\u011blo se zp\u00edvat. D\u016fle\u017eitou roli hr\u00e1l ohe\u0148. Sv\u011bcen\u00ed ohn\u011b zavedla c\u00edrkev u\u017e v 8. stolet\u00ed, ob\u0159ad zahajoval slavnost vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. O p\u016flnoci se konala slavnostn\u00ed m\u0161e vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed Krista. M\u0161e p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slavnostn\u00edm sv\u011bcen\u00edm ohn\u011b, vyk\u0159esan\u00e9ho z kamene a rozd\u011blan\u00e9ho p\u0159ed kostelem. Od tohoto posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho ohn\u011b, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edkalo Jid\u00e1\u0161\u016fv ohe\u0148 nebo p\u00e1len\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e, se zap\u00e1lila velk\u00e1 sv\u00edce, zvan\u00e1 pa\u0161k\u00e1l, kter\u00e1 se pak opatrn\u011b donesla do kostela a lid\u00e9 si od n\u00ed pak zapalovali sv\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky, aby si sv\u011bcen\u00fd ohe\u0148 donesli dom\u016f.<\/p>\n

V mnoha dom\u00e1cnostech lid\u00e9 na B\u00edlou sobotu nechali ohe\u0148 vyhasnout a z posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho ohn\u011b si brali uhl\u00edky \u010di pol\u00ednka, a t\u011bmi pak doma op\u011bt za\u017eehli nov\u00fd ohe\u0148. Z oho\u0159el\u00fdch d\u0159\u00edvek se d\u011blali tzv. Jid\u00e1\u0161ovy k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, kter\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159i zapichovali do pole, aby bylo \u00farodn\u00e9. Slou\u017eily tak\u00e9 jako ochrana p\u0159ed bou\u0159kami, kroupami povodn\u011bmi, oharky se d\u00e1valy do z\u00e1klad\u016f nov\u00fdch staven\u00ed, zastr\u010den\u00e9 za tr\u00e1mem m\u011bly chr\u00e1nit d\u016fm p\u0159ed ohn\u011bm. Po n\u00e1vratu z kostela se jedlo nap\u0159\u00edklad posv\u011bcen\u00e9 vejce. To se rozd\u011blovalo na tolik d\u00edlk\u016f, kolik bylo \u010dlen\u016f rodiny. \u201eM\u011blo to upevnit rodinn\u00e9 vazby a soudr\u017enost rodiny. Poj\u00eddal se tak\u00e9 posv\u011bcen\u00fd mazanec a hlavn\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady za\u010d\u00ednaly zpravidla po z\u00e1padu slunce, n\u011bkdy v pozdn\u00edch no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, nebo dokonce v ned\u011bli p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem.<\/p>\n

Jedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed, kterou m\u011bly hospodyn\u011b hned po r\u00e1nu ud\u011blat, bylo zad\u011blat na kynut\u00e9 t\u011bsto a up\u00e9ct mazance. Jde pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b o nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 ob\u0159adn\u00ed pe\u010divo, kter\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u011b symbolizovalo slunce. Kynut\u00e9 t\u011bsto nab\u00edr\u00e1 jakoby z\u00e1zrakem na objemu a symbolizuje bohatstv\u00ed, prosperitu. Mazanec p\u0159edstavuje pro k\u0159es\u0165any sladk\u00fd chl\u00e9b \u2013 symbol eustaristie (t\u011bla P\u00e1n\u011b). Je ze stejn\u00e9ho t\u011bsta jako v\u00e1no\u010dka, obsahuje ale v\u00edce vajec. Popelem z ohn\u011b lid\u00e9 sypali louky, aby na nich bylo v\u017edy hodn\u011b tr\u00e1vy pro dobytek.<\/p>\n

Hospodyn\u011b musely m\u00edt na B\u00edlou sobotu nov\u00e1 ko\u0161\u0165ata, kter\u00fdmi je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed kurop\u011bn\u00edm vymetly cel\u00e9 staven\u00ed, aby z\u016fstalo \u010dist\u00e9 po cel\u00fd rok a nedr\u017eel se v nich hmyz a dal\u0161\u00ed hav\u011b\u0165. Ko\u0161\u0165ata, potom hodily do potoka, aby s nimi voda odnesla z domu v\u0161echnu \u0161p\u00ednu. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech se mlad\u00e1 d\u011bv\u010data myla rann\u00ed rosou, aby byla cel\u00fd rok p\u011bkn\u00e1 a ned\u011blaly se jim pihy. Mu\u017ei pletli z vrbov\u00e9ho prout\u00ed poml\u00e1zky, \u017eeny pekly ber\u00e1nky a mazance, d\u011bv\u010data barvila a zdobila vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Odpoledne b\u00fdvalo zvykem honit Jid\u00e1\u0161e \u2013 chlapce p\u0159evle\u010den\u00e9ho do kost\u00fdmu. Na hlavu mu nasad\u00ed vysokou \u010depici z r\u00e1kosu. Oblek symbolizuje zr\u00e1dce Jid\u00e1\u0161e, kter\u00fd udal Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista \u017eid\u016fm. Pot\u00e9 si ho\u0161i vezmou d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd star\u00fd voz\u00edk, hrka\u010dky ve tvaru voz\u00edk\u016f a se stra\u0161n\u00fdm r\u00e1musem se vydaj\u00ed koledovat po vesnici.<\/p>\n

Zastavuj\u00ed u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho domu, aby odrecitovali n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed b\u00e1se\u0148:
\n\u201e\u00d3, Jid\u00e1\u0161i nev\u011brn\u00fd, cos to u\u010dinil,<\/em>
\n\u017ees sv\u00e9ho mistra \u017did\u016fm prozradil?<\/em>
\nBude\u0161 ty se tr\u00e1piti, ve v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m pekle ho\u0159eti,<\/em>
\ns Luciferem \u010f\u00e1blem tam p\u0159eb\u00fdvati.<\/em>
\nMy \u0161kol\u00e1ci chod\u00edme a jid\u00e1\u0161e vod\u00edme<\/em>
\na o d\u00e1rky pros\u00edme.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Je to tedy takov\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 \u0161tvanice na tohoto \u201e\u017eidovsk\u00e9ho zr\u00e1dce\u201c. Lid\u00e9 ve vesnici jim otev\u00edraj\u00ed a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed vejce, sladkosti a pen\u00edze. Je to zbytek z katolick\u00fdch pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch her, kdy se honil p\u0159ed kostelem zrzav\u00fd hoch, kter\u00e9ho pova\u017eovali za Jid\u00e1\u0161e. Nikdo ale p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00ed, pro\u010d se tak \u010din\u00ed, v\u0161ichni tak nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u010din\u00ed u\u017e stovky let.
\nKdy\u017e hospodyn\u011b pekly a va\u0159ily, vzaly kus \u010derstv\u011b zad\u011blan\u00e9ho t\u011bsta na mazance a pot\u00edraly j\u00edm ovocn\u00e9 stromy. Doufaly, \u017ee se stromy probud\u00ed a budou m\u00edt dobrou \u00farodu a tak\u00e9 na mnoha m\u00edstech lid\u00e9 t\u0159\u00e1sli ovocn\u00fdmi stromy, aby je tak probudili ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Na B\u00edlou sobotu je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das vypravit se pro vrbov\u00e9 prout\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e9 pranostiky vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k B\u00edl\u00e9 sobot\u011b. Pr\u0161\u00ed-li v noci na B\u00edlou sobotu, bude m\u00e1lo t\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed. Odkud na B\u00edlou sobotu v\u00edtr, odtud v l\u00e9t\u011b de\u0161t\u011b. Pr\u0161\u00ed-li na B\u00edlou sobotu, bude v l\u00e9t\u011b nouze o vodu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  B\u00edl\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":302263,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/29\/ram-bila-sobota.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252066"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=252066"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":302262,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252066\/revisions\/302262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/302263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=252066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=252066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=252066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}