{"id":251952,"date":"2024-03-27T20:28:19","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T19:28:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=251952"},"modified":"2024-03-28T21:01:33","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T20:01:33","slug":"stara-sumava-zeleny-ctvrtek-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=251952","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipome\u0148me slova Jaroslava Seiferta: \u201eNa Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek jid\u00e1\u0161e j\u00edd\u00e1me, chod\u00edme do lesa, fialky trh\u00e1me\u201c. <\/em><\/strong>Velikono\u010dn\u00edch tradic a zvyklost\u00ed v\u0161ak b\u00fdvalo daleko v\u00edce a na mnoho z nich se u\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zapomn\u011blo. Z k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho pohledu je Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek dnem milosrdenstv\u00ed a obdarov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edvlastek zelen\u00fd byl p\u0159evzat z n\u011bm\u010diny, kde zkomolen\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edho n\u00e1zvu Greindonnerstag (lkav\u00fd \u010dtvrtek) vznikl Gr\u00fcndonnerstag (zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek). <\/strong><\/h6>\n

Na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek si k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. V katolick\u00fdch kostel\u00edch budou kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed p\u0159i ve\u010dern\u00edch m\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdt nohy vybran\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm, jako to d\u011blal Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 apo\u0161tol\u016fm. Tento ritu\u00e1l m\u00e1 symbolizovat Kristovu pokoru. S ve\u010derem p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed neboli triduum, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek, B\u00edlou sobotu a ned\u011bln\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed hod velikono\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00ed p\u0159edve\u010der Zelen\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtku je p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e P\u00e1n\u011b. Ta se skute\u010dn\u011b odehr\u00e1la ve \u010dtvrtek, kter\u00fd byl 14. nisanu, tedy v den, kdy \u017did\u00e9 slavili pesach. K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 si p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v tento den Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 s u\u010dedn\u00edky, je\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e ho Jid\u00e1\u0161 zradil, pove\u010de\u0159el. Kdy\u017e nastal ve\u010der, zaujal m\u00edsto u stolu s Dvan\u00e1cti. P\u0159i j\u00eddle jim \u0159ekl: \u201eAmen, prav\u00edm v\u00e1m: Jeden z v\u00e1s m\u011b zrad\u00ed.\u201c Velmi se zarmoutili a za\u010dali mu \u0159\u00edkat jeden p\u0159es druh\u00e9ho: \u201eJsem to snad j\u00e1, Pane?\u201c Odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eKdo si se mnou nam\u00e1\u010d\u00ed rukou v m\u00edse, ten m\u011b zrad\u00ed. Syn \u010dlov\u011bka sice odch\u00e1z\u00ed, jak je o n\u011bm ps\u00e1no, ale b\u011bda tomu \u010dlov\u011bku, kter\u00fd Syna \u010dlov\u011bka zrad\u00ed. Pro toho \u010dlov\u011bka by bylo l\u00e9pe, kdyby se nebyl narodil.\u201c Tak\u00e9 Jid\u00e1\u0161, kter\u00fd ho cht\u011bl zradit, se zeptal: \u201eJsem to snad j\u00e1, Mist\u0159e?\u201c Odpov\u011bd\u011bl mu: \u201eTys to \u0159ekl\u201c (Matou\u0161ovo evangelium 26,20-25).<\/p>\n

Se Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem se pojila cel\u00e1 \u0159ada lidov\u00fdch zvyk\u016f. Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech vst\u00e1vala d\u011bv\u010data p\u0159ed rozedn\u011bn\u00edm a sp\u011bchala do zahrady, aby si v rann\u00ed rose umyla obli\u010dej. V\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee d\u00edky tomu budou v dal\u0161\u00edm roce je\u0161t\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jinde rodi\u010de \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no vzbudili d\u011bti a sp\u011bchali s nimi k potoku, kde je pono\u0159ili do ledov\u00e9 vody. M\u011blo je to na cel\u00fd rok ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed nemocemi. Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek byl tak\u00e9 prvn\u00edm dnem, kdy se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech jedly jid\u00e1\u0161e \u2013 placky pot\u00edran\u00e9 medem, pe\u010den\u00e9 na pam\u011b\u0165 sladk\u00e9ho, ale zr\u00e1dn\u00e9ho Jid\u00e1\u0161ova pol\u00edben\u00ed. \u0160lo o netradi\u010dn\u00ed sn\u00eddani, kter\u00e1 se li\u0161ila od ostatn\u00edch b\u011bhem roku. Na jednom tal\u00ed\u0159i byly na st\u016fl p\u0159ineseny hork\u00e9 jid\u00e1\u0161ky, zat\u00edmco druh\u00fd tal\u00ed\u0159 byl pln\u00fd medu. Matka namazala jid\u00e1\u0161e medem postupn\u011b pro otce, pro d\u011bti, pro d\u011bve\u010dku, a teprve nakonec pro sebe. V jin\u00fdch vs\u00edch se jid\u00e1\u0161e pekly a\u017e na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek. N\u011bkde se na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek zas\u00e9val hr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Se Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem byla tak\u00e9 spojena \u0159ada \u0159\u00edkanek. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201eDej v\u00e1m P\u00e1n B\u016fh dobr\u00fdtro na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek, abyste m\u011bli dlouh\u00fd len jako tento proutek. Proutek se \u010derven\u00e1, les\u00ed\u010dek se zelen\u00e1, v\u0161ak v\u00e1m ho P\u00e1n B\u016fh po\u017eehn\u00e1!\u201cKdy\u017e p\u0159i ve\u010dern\u00ed m\u0161i v kostele skon\u010dil chvalozp\u011bv Sl\u00e1va na v\u00fdsostech Bohu, rozezn\u011bly se na v\u011b\u017ei v\u0161echny zvony, aby vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed utichly. Od t\u00e9 doby, a\u017e do sobotn\u00ed slavnosti Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed, zvony nezn\u011bly. \u0158\u00edkalo se, \u017ee vzali zvon nebo \u017ee se zvony zav\u00e1zaly. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed r\u010den\u00edm ji\u017e p\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi bylo, \u017ee zvony odlet\u011bly do \u0158\u00edma. Jindy se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee ulet\u011bly ke hrobu Spasitele, kde mohly spolu s ostatn\u00edmi k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi zvony sv\u011bta pozdravit jeho zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed. Nastupuj\u00ed chlapci s \u0159ehta\u010dkami, kterou pln\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b dodnes, ale maj\u00ed jako n\u00e1stroje k oznamov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eodletu zvon\u016f do \u0158\u00edma\u201c. Jejich zvuk nahrazuje zvuk zvon\u016f a svol\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak k bohoslu\u017eb\u011b. Ho\u0161i s \u0159ehta\u010dkami podle historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f poprv\u00e9 vych\u00e1zeli p\u0159esn\u011b v poledne na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek.<\/p>\n

S t\u00edm souvis\u00ed i typick\u00e1 \u0159\u00edkanka v t\u00e9to podob\u011b:
\n\u201eA ti kluci \u017didi kopali j\u00e1mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i P\u00e1nu. Na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e jali, na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek ho bi\u010dovali a na B\u00edlou sobotu do hrobu ho dali. A ty nev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161i, cos to u\u010dinil, \u017ee si sv\u00e9ho mistra \u017did\u016fm prozradil. Za to bude\u0161 v pekle kle\u010deti, Lucifer\u016fm \u010f\u00e1bl\u016fm, tam bude\u0161 slou\u017eiti. Krejson, Krejson, Kriste eleison, dejte vejce malovan\u00fd. Ned\u00e1te-li malovan\u00fd, dejte aspo\u0148 b\u00edl\u00fd, slepi\u010dka v\u00e1m snese jin\u00fd. \u00c1men, \u00e1men, vyb\u00edrati k v\u00e1m jdem.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Od t\u00e9 doby se \u0159ehtalo v\u017edy r\u00e1no, v poledne a ve\u010der o klek\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u017e do B\u00edl\u00e9 soboty. V\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek, se \u0159eht\u00e1n\u00ed konalo o t\u0159et\u00ed hodin\u011b odpoledn\u00ed, co\u017e byl \u00fadajn\u011b \u010das Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi smrti. \u0158eht\u00e1n\u00ed v\u017edy bylo v\u00fdsadou pouze chlapc\u016f. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed z nich, kter\u00fd byl z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010dasto tak\u00e9 ministrantem, se staral o po\u0159\u00e1dek ve skupin\u011b. Rozd\u011bloval ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vykoledovan\u00e9 sladkosti, kter\u00e9 ho\u0161i b\u011bhem koledy dostali. Ne v\u017edy ov\u0161em ve vesnici existovala pouze jedna parta hoch\u016f, a tak dan\u00e9 skupinky o mo\u017enost obch\u016fzky obc\u00ed sout\u011b\u017eili. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro \u0159eht\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159ehta\u010dky samotn\u00e9 byly v rodin\u00e1ch uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny tak\u0159ka po generace a tato tradice se d\u011bdila doslova z otce na syna. Postupem \u010dasu se tato tradice dost\u00e1vala do \u0161irok\u00e9ho pov\u011bdom\u00ed lid\u00ed, a tak ji\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme zaregistrovat \u0159ehta\u010dky, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 zakoupit na trhu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> LANGHAMMEROV\u00c1, Ji\u0159ina. Lidov\u00e9 zvyky: v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed oby\u010deje z \u010cech a Moravy<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  P\u0159ipome\u0148me <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":302080,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/26\/ram-zeleny-ctvrtek.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251952"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=251952"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":302079,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251952\/revisions\/302079"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/302080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=251952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=251952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=251952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}