{"id":251353,"date":"2024-03-26T21:18:48","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T20:18:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=251353"},"modified":"2024-03-26T21:18:48","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T20:18:48","slug":"stara-sumava-velikonocni-beranek-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=251353","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ber\u00e1nek"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Velikonoce jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem a op\u011bvuj\u00ed jaro a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed Krista. V praktick\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b vesnice \u0161lo p\u0159i velikono\u010dn\u00edch oslav\u00e1ch o uv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tku nov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho roku. Proto se k nim vztahovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 ob\u0159ady, oby\u010deje, p\u0159\u00edkazy a z\u00e1kazy, jejich\u017e spole\u010dn\u00fdm znakem bylo zajistit v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem dobrou sklize\u0148, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed a dobytka.<\/h6>\n

Jedno z prvn\u00edch sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o oslav\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch Velikonoc poch\u00e1z\u00ed z druh\u00e9 poloviny 2. stolet\u00ed a tud\u00ed\u017e kolem roku 170 u\u017e bylo slaven\u00ed Velikonoc mezi k\u0159es\u0165any b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Velikonoce, oslavy jara a nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky jsou pln\u00e9 tradic a symbol\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z nich je velikono\u010dn\u00ed ber\u00e1nek. Kdy\u017e spat\u0159il Jan K\u0159titel Krista, zvolal: “Hle Ber\u00e1nek Bo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fd sn\u00edm\u00e1 h\u0159\u00edchy sv\u011bta!” Kristus vystupuje v roli vykupitele h\u0159\u00edch\u016f, aby lid\u00e9 dos\u00e1hli odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a sp\u00e1sy. Symbol ber\u00e1nka byl ji\u017e v p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 civilizace velmi b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, utv\u00e1\u0159eli jej past\u00fd\u0159i po tis\u00edce let. V k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed ber\u00e1nek symbolizuje pam\u00e1tku na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, kter\u00fd byl pr\u00e1v\u011b jako nevinny, \u010dist\u00fd a poslu\u0161n\u00fd ber\u00e1nek ob\u011btov\u00e1n a jeho krev zachr\u00e1nila pok\u0159t\u011bn\u00e9 od h\u0159\u00edch\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160umav\u011b se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee sv\u011bcen\u00ed ber\u00e1nka m\u016f\u017ee turist\u016fm pomoci naj\u00edt cestu z les\u016f. Jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed maso z \u010desk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vymizelo. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed v\u0161ak jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed maso nechyb\u00ed: je sladk\u00fdm pe\u010divem na nejednom velikono\u010dn\u00edm stole. Do na\u0161\u00ed kultury p\u0159e\u0161el symbol ber\u00e1nka d\u00edky k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Podle biblick\u00fdch historik\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edmi chv\u00edlemi z\u00e1v\u011bru Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova pozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, to vypad\u00e1 tak, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 um\u00edral na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei pr\u00e1v\u011b ve chv\u00edli, kdy se podle obvykl\u00e9ho po\u0159adu v chr\u00e1mu, na nejposv\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b Jeruzal\u00e9ma, zab\u00edjeli velikono\u010dn\u00ed ber\u00e1nci. Tam je tedy p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 paralela mezi ber\u00e1nkem z Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u00fdch \u010das\u016f a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em jako definitivn\u00edm ber\u00e1nkem, kter\u00fd n\u011bco podstatn\u00e9ho kon\u00e1 pro lidi, pro lidstvo.<\/p>\n

K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159e\u0161li do takov\u00e9 symbolick\u00e9 roviny, proto\u017ee pro n\u011b u\u017e byl ber\u00e1nek vlastn\u011b ob\u011btov\u00e1n p\u0159ed dv\u011bma tis\u00edci lety (Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Nazaretsk\u00fd). Postupn\u011b se jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed maso stalo finan\u010dn\u011b nedostupn\u00fdm, a proto byl nahrazen ber\u00e1nkem z ov\u010d\u00edho s\u00fdra a pro n\u00e1s zn\u00e1m\u00fdm pe\u010den\u00fdm ber\u00e1nkem z r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f sladk\u00e9ho t\u011bsta, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pi\u0161kotov\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

A jak se ber\u00e1nek zdobil? M\u011bl b\u00edlou viz\u00e1\u017e (pocukrovan\u00fd nebo polit\u00fd polevou), p\u0159ed n\u00edm b\u00fdvaly naskl\u00e1dan\u00e9 kraslice, pod n\u00edm prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed dary p\u0159\u00edrody, n\u011bco zelen\u00e9ho, a do t\u011bsta se zapichoval praporec. Ten ber\u00e1nka ztoto\u017e\u0148uje se zmrtv\u00fdchvstal\u00fdm Kristem. V tradici k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed to b\u00fdv\u00e1 obvykle tak, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 vystupuje z hrobu a m\u00e1 v ruce praporec s \u010derven\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem.<\/p>\n

Zdoben\u00ed ber\u00e1nka praporcem u\u017e je dnes pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zapomenut\u00e9. Obvykle v ned\u011bli r\u00e1no si lid\u00e9 ber\u00e1nka a dal\u0161\u00ed pokrmy p\u0159inesli do kostela. Pokrmy byly po\u017eehn\u00e1ny a rozd\u011bleny, n\u011bco dali na pole, n\u011bco zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm. Tajemnou moc m\u011bla i plachetka, ve kter\u00e9 se ob\u0159adn\u00ed j\u00eddlo ke sv\u011bcen\u00ed nosilo. Pou\u017e\u00edvala se pozd\u011bji p\u0159i set\u00ed \u017eita a p\u0161enice.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 \u017eili v neust\u00e1l\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed, co bude, jak\u00fd bude zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd rok, tak se sna\u017eili r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby zajistit nebo vyprosit si zdar. V p\u00edsni z roku 1692 se zp\u00edv\u00e1: Hody se ji\u017e za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed, ber\u00e1nka v\u0161ichni jist\u011b maj\u00ed, chud\u00ed, bohat\u00ed, \u017eebr\u00e1ci, kum\u0161t\u00fd\u0159i, u\u010den\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1ci, laikov\u00e9, kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed i voj\u00e1ci\u2026<\/p>\n

V dom\u00e1cnosti se ber\u00e1nek stal st\u0159edem velikono\u010dn\u011b p\u0159izdoben\u00e9ho stolu. Porcoval se odzadu, aby si udr\u017eel do posledn\u00ed chv\u00edle d\u016fstojnou formu. Nebyl to jen symbol jara, ale tak\u00e9 spasitele. Jako cukr\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdrobek se objevil a\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy se jeho pe\u010den\u00ed horliv\u011b ujaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9 kucha\u0159ky, a\u017e se zvyk postupn\u011b dostal na venkov. Konzumace jehn\u011b\u010d\u00edho masa nen\u00ed jen sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha velikono\u010dn\u00edch ned\u011bln\u00edch j\u00eddel, ale jed\u00ed ho tak\u00e9 \u017did\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed slav\u00ed Pesach, je\u017e se kon\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve stejnou dobu jako Velikonoce.<\/p>\n

Ko\u0159eny toho, pro\u010d se v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech o Velikonoc\u00edch \u010dasto pod\u00e1v\u00e1 jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed, pramen\u00ed z judaismu a ran\u00fdch oslav Pesachu p\u0159ed vznikem k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. B\u011bhem biblick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu Exodus utrp\u011bli Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 \u0159adu stra\u0161liv\u00fdch ran v\u010detn\u011b smrti v\u0161ech prvorozen\u00fdch syn\u016f. Podle Bible ale egypt\u0161t\u00ed \u017did\u00e9 byli v\u010das varov\u00e1ni, aby pomalovali sv\u00e9 dve\u0159n\u00ed sloupky krv\u00ed ob\u011btovan\u00fdch jeh\u0148at, a tak B\u016fh p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu trestu \u017eidovsk\u00e1 obydl\u00ed u\u0161et\u0159il. \u017did\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pot\u00e9 konvertovali ke k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, pokra\u010dovali v tradici a jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed jedli i o Velikonoc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Velikonoce <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":301659,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/23\/ram-sumava-beranek.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251353"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=251353"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":301658,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251353\/revisions\/301658"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/301659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=251353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=251353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=251353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}