{"id":250966,"date":"2024-03-13T21:35:23","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T20:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=250966"},"modified":"2024-03-13T21:35:58","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T20:35:58","slug":"stara-sumava-pata-postni-nedele-smrtna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=250966","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: P\u00e1t\u00e1 postn\u00ed ned\u011ble"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Smrtn\u00e1 ned\u011bla,<\/em>
\nkdes kl\u00ed\u010de pod\u011bla?<\/em>
\nDala sem jich, dala<\/em>
\nsvat\u00e9mu Ji\u0159\u00ed.<\/em>
\nSvat\u00fd Ji\u0159\u00ed vst\u00e1v\u00e1,<\/em>
\nzem odemyk\u00e1v\u00e1,<\/em>
\naby tr\u00e1va rostla,<\/em>
\nv\u0161elijak\u00e9 kv\u00edt\u00ed.<\/em><\/h6>\n
P\u00e1t\u00e1 postn\u00ed ned\u011ble \u2013 Judica (Bo\u017ee, zjednej mi pr\u00e1vo! \u017dalm 43,1) a kter\u00e9 se lidov\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Smrtn\u00e1, \u010di Smrteln\u00e1. Po uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 Dru\u017eebn\u00e9 ned\u011bli, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed odpo\u010dinek od p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho p\u016fstu a mo\u017enost nast\u0159\u00e1dat nov\u00e9 s\u00edly do jeho z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 etapy, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje na\u0161e pln\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Smrtn\u00e1 ned\u011ble je poprv\u00e9 dolo\u017een v husitsk\u00e9 postile z 15. stolet\u00ed. Od n\u011bj se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odv\u00edjela cel\u00e1 \u0159ada asociac\u00ed, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm za\u010dal b\u00fdt tento den vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd, pln\u00fd r\u016fzn\u00fdch neblah\u00fdch p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed. C\u00edrkevn\u00ed liturgie po n\u011bkolik n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dn\u016f opou\u0161t\u00ed od ve\u0161ker\u00fdch projev\u016f radosti. J\u00e1sav\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee me\u0161n\u00edch text\u016f se vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, olt\u00e1\u0159; obrazy i dal\u0161\u00ed kosteln\u00ed v\u00fdzdobu hal\u00ed op\u011bt fialov\u00e1 barva kaj\u00edcn\u00edk\u016f. M\u00e1 sice pon\u011bkud temn\u00fd n\u00e1zev, ale je pln\u00e1 vesel\u00ed, radosti a nad\u011bje. Z vesnic a m\u011bst se vyn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed smrt, kter\u00e1 je symbolem v\u0161eho, co lidem \u0161kod\u00ed. T\u00edm definitivn\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed zima, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jaro.<\/p>\n

S vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm smrti se mnohde prol\u00ednalo chozen\u00ed s l\u00edtem, i kdy\u017e je to zvyk mnohem mlad\u0161\u00ed. Zelen\u00e9 l\u00edto, l\u00edte\u010dko, m\u00e1j\u00ed\u010dek \u2013 mlad\u00fd zelen\u00fd strome\u010dek, nazdoben\u00fd pentli\u010dkami a barevn\u00fdmi vaj\u00ed\u010dky. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky n\u011bmu do\u0161lo \u010dasem k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamov\u00e9mu posunu cel\u00e9ho ob\u0159adu, kdy je vesel\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 l\u00edte\u010dko ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1no s jarem a Smrtka, jako jeho protiklad, je pak vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako prost\u00e9 zosobn\u011bn\u00ed zimy. P\u0159ipome\u0148me si lidov\u00e9 tradice, zvyky a pov\u011bry, kter\u00e9 ctili a dodr\u017eovali. Star\u00fd slovansk\u00fd zvyk vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed figur\u00edny smrti, kter\u00e1 symbolizovala zimu sah\u00e1 do p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch pohansk\u00fdch dob, je to jeden z v\u016fbec nejstar\u0161\u00edch lidov\u00fdch zvyk\u016f u n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

Ob\u0159ad, kter\u00fd p\u0159ivol\u00e1val jaro a prosil o dobr\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed a dobrou \u00farodu, byl pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z cel\u00e9ho roku. Slavil se v den jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti, ale postupem \u010dasu se p\u0159esunul na jednu z postn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00ed \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji se n\u00e1vrat jara slavil b\u011bhem p\u00e1t\u00e9 Smrtn\u00e9, n\u011bkde u\u017e \u010dtvrtou Dru\u017eebn\u00ed, jinde zase a\u017e \u0161estou Kv\u011btnou. Lidov\u00fd oby\u010dej vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smrti byl trnem v oku c\u00edrkvi, proto\u017ee m\u011bl jednozna\u010dn\u011b pohansk\u00e9 rysy, a tak ho pran\u00fd\u0159ovala a odsuzovala. Snad proto se nikdy asi nepokusila za\u010dlenit ho do duchovn\u00edho \u017eivota, jak to ud\u011blala to v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech jin\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 z\u00e1bavy. M\u011bl ale hlubok\u00e9 tradice a byl tak obl\u00edben\u00fd, \u017ee i kdy\u017e neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu c\u00edrkevn\u00edmu sv\u00e1tku, p\u0159e\u017eil do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n

Ve staroslovansk\u00e9m panteonu byla Morana bohyn\u00ed zimy, ale taky smrti, a proto se figur\u00edn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Morana, Mo\u0159ena. Ma\u0159ena, Smrt \u010di Smrtiholka. Starod\u00e1vn\u00fd zvyk vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smrti coby symbolu smutn\u00e9 zimy, nemoc\u00ed a v\u0161eho, co lidem \u0161kod\u00ed a v\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota, vesel\u00e9ho jara se mnohde udr\u017euje dodnes. Obch\u016fzka se Smrtkou byla p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Slam\u011bnou pannu od\u011bly do b\u00edl\u00e9ho a \u010dern\u00e9ho \u0161atu a na krk j\u00ed pov\u011bsili n\u00e1hrdeln\u00edky z vyfouknut\u00fdch vajec a hlem\u00fd\u017ed\u00edch ulit. Smrtku takto nosily po cel\u00e9 vesnici a bylo t\u0159eba zaj\u00edt opravdu v\u0161ude, aby do sebe nas\u00e1la v\u0161echno zl\u00e9 a \u0161kodliv\u00e9, co po zim\u011b z\u016fstalo. Pot\u00e9 ji odnesly za vesnici, kde ji odstrojili a hodily do potoka nebo \u0159eky, aby byla zima symbolicky odejita. Kde nem\u011bli vodu, tam Smrtku sp\u00e1lili nebo zakopali. D\u00edvky byly za obch\u016fzku se Smrtkou odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny nap\u0159\u00edklad vejci, medem \u010di pen\u011bzi. P\u0159ivol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jara bylo prvn\u00edm radostn\u00fdm okam\u017eikem ve st\u00e1le trvaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m p\u016fstu kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edm a\u017e na Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Z\u00cdBRT, \u010cen\u011bk Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho \u2013 Smrt nesem ze vsi<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Smrtn\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":300640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13\/ram-pata-postni.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250966"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=250966"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":300641,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250966\/revisions\/300641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/300640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=250966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=250966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=250966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}