{"id":249232,"date":"2023-03-09T20:07:14","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T19:07:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=249232"},"modified":"2023-03-09T20:07:14","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T19:07:14","slug":"stara-sumava-na-svateho-rehore-capi-leti-pres-more","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=249232","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Na svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e \u010d\u00e1pi let\u00ed p\u0159es mo\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sv\u011bt se m\u011bn\u00ed, star\u00e9 zanik\u00e1, rod\u00ed se nov\u00e9. N\u011bkdy k lidsk\u00e9mu prosp\u011bchu, jindy ke \u0161kod\u011b. V\u017edy\u0165 – o\u010d by byla na\u0161e vlast chud\u0161\u00ed, kdyby se ztratily kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 z\u00e1mky, kostel\u00edky, stalet\u00e1 stromo\u0159ad\u00ed. P\u016fvab stvo\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi generacemi.<\/h6>\n

Miz\u00ed i d\u00e1vn\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 zvyky. N\u011bkter\u00e9 sice v jist\u00e9 podob\u011b p\u0159etrvaly a zkr\u00e1\u0161luj\u00ed b\u011bh \u017eivota kup\u0159\u00edkladu o v\u00e1noc\u00edch, velikonoc\u00edch a jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech, ale jin\u00e9 u\u017e zn\u00e1me jen z vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di je vn\u00edm\u00e1me jako pouh\u00e1 slova. Pod\u00edvejme se tedy, co dopl\u0148ovalo \u017eivot na\u0161ich prad\u011bd\u016f, co vn\u00e1\u0161elo do jejich d\u0159inou poznamenan\u00fdch dn\u016f nev\u0161edn\u00ed chv\u00edle. Na 12. b\u0159ezna p\u0159ipad\u00e1 sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e, kter\u00fd v minulosti slavili hlavn\u011b \u0161kol\u00e1ci a studenti ve m\u011bstech, na venkov\u011b se za\u010d\u00ednalo se zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi pracemi. K tomuto dni, kter\u00fd oslavuje 64. pape\u017ee katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve (590\u2013604) se v\u00e1\u017ee tak\u00e9 \u0159ada jarn\u00edch pranostik o p\u0159\u00edletu pt\u00e1k\u016f ze zimovi\u0161\u0165 a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 kdysi pat\u0159il vesel\u00fdm st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdm a novov\u011bk\u00fdm oslav\u00e1m \u0161koln\u00ed ml\u00e1de\u017ee. \u017d\u00e1ci tento den milovali, bylo volno a veselo. \u017d\u00e1kovsk\u00e9 \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 slavnosti se konaly ve m\u011bstech, kde byla \u0161kola (na venkov\u011b se \u0161koly objevily a\u017e v 18. stolet\u00ed po reform\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159ovny Marie Terezie). Studenti ten den p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bli r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9nky, zp\u00edvali a recitovali. B\u00fdvali v p\u0159estrojen\u00ed za \u201e\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 vojsko\u201c, m\u011bli d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 me\u010de, napodobeniny vojensk\u00fdch \u010depic a prapory… M\u011bli sv\u00e9ho \u201ekapr\u00e1la\u201c \u010di \u201eprofouse\u201c, buben\u00edka a prapore\u010dn\u00edka. Buben\u00edk ohla\u0161oval p\u0159\u00edchod pr\u016fvodu. Vyzbrojeno bylo vojsko d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi \u0161avlemi, aby mohlo chr\u00e1nit \u201esvat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e\u201c, studenta a n\u011bkdy i u\u010ditele p\u0159evle\u010den\u00e9ho za biskupa. Na hlav\u011b m\u011bl \u201esvat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159\u201c biskupskou mitru, v ruce nesl biskupskou berlu. Za sv\u00e1 vystoupen\u00ed dost\u00e1vali v\u00fdslu\u017eku \u2013 jakousi koledu, kter\u00e1 obvykle trochu vylep\u0161ila skromn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho kantora.<\/p>\n

Po ukon\u010den\u00ed obch\u016fzky se \u0159eho\u0159i s dary vr\u00e1tili do \u0161koly a dostali poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed od pan\u00ed u\u010ditelov\u00e9. U\u010ditel jim za vykonanou koledu vyplatil pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed odm\u011bnu, kter\u00e1 byla z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na v\u00fd\u0161i vybran\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky a n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti \u00falohy jednotlivc\u016f. A\u017e do \u00fapravy u\u010ditelsk\u00e9ho slu\u017en\u00e9ho (1875) b\u00fdvala aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast u\u010ditel\u016f na \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 koled\u011b
\nv\u0161eobecn\u011b velmi intenzivn\u00ed. V\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b pravideln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem ze sobot\u00e1les, tj. t\u00fddn\u011b vyb\u00edran\u00fdch pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch d\u00e1vek rodi\u010d\u016f za \u0161kol\u00e1ky (1 gro\u0161 za jednoho \u017e\u00e1ka), a z ostatn\u00edch aktivit okolo kostela (varhan\u00edk, kosteln\u00edk, zvon\u00edk), obce (p\u00edsa\u0159) a muziky (aktivn\u00ed hudebn\u00edk, opisova\u010d not) b\u00fdval tak mal\u00fd, \u017ee koledn\u00ed pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed dary tvo\u0159ily podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st u\u010ditelov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. V\u00edtan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem na \u017eivobyt\u00ed u\u010ditelsk\u00fdch rodin b\u00fdvaly i potraviny, z\u00edskan\u00e9 p\u0159i koled\u011b.<\/p>\n

V m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed ust\u00e1valo chozen\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f spolu se \u017e\u00e1ky v \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 koled\u011b ji\u017e po z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch \u0161kol za c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II. Na venkov\u011b v\u0161ak \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 obch\u016fzky pokra\u010dovaly je\u0161t\u011b v 19. stol. a zanikaly a\u017e po \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm z\u00e1kazu u\u010ditelsk\u00e9 koledy v souvislosti s platovou \u00fapravou 1875.To na venkov\u011b se \u201e\u0158eho\u0159\u201c slavil zcela jinak. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto jarn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku b\u00fdvaly v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch tzv. svato\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 vora\u010dky. Ml\u00e1de\u017e se se\u0161la na n\u00e1vsi a tam jednoho z dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f p\u0159evl\u00e9kla \u201eza ma\u0161karu\u201c. T\u011blo mu obto\u010dili dlouhou \u017eitnou nebo p\u0161eni\u010dnou sl\u00e1mou, na hlavu nasadili \u0161pi\u010datou \u010depici ze sl\u00e1my. Ma\u0161kara m\u011bla obli\u010dej zakryt\u00fd \u0161krabo\u0161kou, nebo alespo\u0148 za\u010dern\u011bn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fvod proch\u00e1zel spole\u010dn\u011b vesnic\u00ed za doprovodu hudby a zp\u011bvu a zastavoval se p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm staven\u00edm. V\u00fdslu\u017eku, kterou za vora\u010dky omladina dostala, ve\u010der v hostinci projedla a propila. Aby se v dom\u011b rodily d\u011bti a ve chl\u00e9vech dobyt\u010data, slepice sn\u00e1\u0161ely v kurn\u00edc\u00edch a kohout nezah\u00e1lel, musela si ka\u017ed\u00e1 hospodyn\u011b s ma\u0161karou zatan\u010dit a za odm\u011bnu ji obdarovat v\u00fdslu\u017ekou. Spolu s hospodyn\u00ed tan\u010dili i mlad\u00ed chlapci a d\u011bv\u010data chod\u00edc\u00ed v pr\u016fvodu. Ve\u010der se ml\u00e1de\u017e se\u0161la v hospod\u011b a spole\u010dn\u011b v\u0161e, co vykoledovali, sn\u011bdli a propili.<\/p>\n

Na koledu o dni svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e, kter\u00fd byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n i za patrona zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f a hudebn\u00edk\u016f, chodili v doprovodu \u017e\u00e1k\u016f na venkov\u011b pozd\u011bji tak\u00e9 u\u010ditel\u00e9. V doprovodu \u201esvat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e\u201c ob\u010das nechyb\u011bli ani and\u011bl\u00e9, p\u0159edstavovan\u00ed nejmlad\u0161\u00edmi \u017e\u00e1\u010dky. \u0158eho\u0159ovi voj\u00e1ci p\u0159ed staven\u00edmi od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vali \u0159\u00edkanky a vyz\u00fdvali rodi\u010de, aby d\u011bti pos\u00edlali do \u0161koly. Ti se od \u201e\u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky\u201c sv\u00fdch ratolest\u00ed, jejich\u017e ruce pot\u0159ebovali na ja\u0159e na poli a v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, vykupovali moukou, kouskem \u0161peku nebo drobn\u00fdmi mincemi.<\/p>\n

Od svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e pak opravdu proch\u00e1zelo vesnicemi jaro a sedl\u00e1ci se chystali na prvn\u00ed orbu, nebo\u0165 jak v\u00edme \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e ka\u017ed\u00fd sedl\u00e1k lenoch, kter\u00fd neo\u0159e\u201c. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 zah\u00e1jen\u00ed jarn\u00ed orby ale m\u011blo tak\u00e9 sv\u016fj magick\u00fd ob\u0159ad \u2013 hospod\u00e1\u0159 pokropil sebe, pluh i zem sv\u011bcenou vodou a po\u017eehnal pole i prvn\u00ed br\u00e1zdu k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem. Kdy\u017e se vr\u00e1til dom\u016f, polila ho hospodyn\u011b vodou, aby byl p\u0159i s\u00edle i v dal\u0161\u00edch dnech. S\u00edt se m\u011blo ve dnech, kdy m\u011bs\u00edc dor\u016fstal \u2013 to platilo hlavn\u011b pro obil\u00ed a len. A nakonec, kdy\u017e bylo pole oseto, obe\u0161lo se kolem dokola, co\u017e souviselo s v\u00edrou v magickou ochrannou moc kruhu.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Sv\u011btci k n\u00e1m hovo\u0159\u00ed…; M. Tej\u010dka: \u017d\u00e1kovsk\u00e9 slavnosti na svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e. \u010cL 5, 1896 ; F. Ko\u0161\u00e1k: \u017d\u00e1kovsk\u00e9 slavnosti na sv. \u0158eho\u0159e. \u010cL 30, 1930<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Sv\u011bt <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":274822,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/09\/ram-rehor.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249232"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=249232"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":274823,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249232\/revisions\/274823"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/274822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=249232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=249232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=249232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}