{"id":249212,"date":"2022-03-13T17:59:51","date_gmt":"2022-03-13T16:59:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=249212"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:28:27","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:28:27","slug":"veda-a-priroda-na-rozmnozovani-rostlin-se-podileji-podobne-hormony-jako-u-zivocichu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=249212","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA A P\u0158\u00cdRODA: Na rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin se pod\u00edlej\u00ed podobn\u00e9 hormony jako je tomu u \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Drobn\u00e1 bylina husen\u00ed\u010dek roln\u00ed, se kterou auto\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu pracovali, je v sou\u010dasnosti nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pokusnou rostlinou. FOTO: Ota Blahou\u0161ek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Pohlavn\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kvetouc\u00edch rostlin ovliv\u0148uje rostlinn\u00fd hormon ze skupiny takzvan\u00fdch brassinosteroid\u016f. Je nezbytn\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj vaj\u00ed\u010dek v semen\u00edku a ran\u00fdch z\u00e1rodk\u016f kr\u00e1tce po oplozen\u00ed. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 p\u0159itom je, \u017ee brassinosteroidy jsou chemicky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 pohlavn\u00edm hormon\u016fm \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Objev argentinsk\u00fdch a \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f by mohl m\u00edt v budoucnu v\u00fdznam p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed metod ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdnos\u016f plodin. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu publikoval renomovan\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u010dasopis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS).<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed d\u016fkaz zapojen\u00ed brassinosteroid\u016f do proces\u016f spojen\u00fdch s rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm rostlin. Za \u010deskou stranu se na v\u00fdzkumu pod\u00edleli Ond\u0159ej Nov\u00e1k a Jana Okle\u0161\u0165kov\u00e1 z Laborato\u0159e r\u016fstov\u00fdch regul\u00e1tor\u016f, spole\u010dn\u00e9ho pracovi\u0161t\u011b \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed botaniky Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR a Univerzity Palack\u00e9ho v Olomouci. V\u011bdci z t\u00e9to laborato\u0159e jsou sv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdmi odborn\u00edky v oblasti biochemie, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie a chemick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy rostlinn\u00fdch hormon\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eOslovili n\u00e1s kolegov\u00e9 z Argentiny, kte\u0159\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b studuj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj sami\u010d\u00edch pohlavn\u00edch struktur u rostlin. Zaj\u00edmalo je, jakou funkci maj\u00ed v rostlin\u00e1ch geny ADX a ADXR, je\u017e se u \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed tvorby steroidn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. M\u011b\u0159ili jsme proto mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011bchto slou\u010denin ve vzorc\u00edch \u010dasto studovan\u00e9 pokusn\u00e9 byliny husen\u00ed\u010dku roln\u00edho,<\/em>\u201c vysv\u011btluje Ond\u0159ej Nov\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Steroidn\u00ed l\u00e1tky jsou velk\u00e1 skupina chemicky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch slou\u010denin. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nim nap\u0159\u00edklad dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fd cholesterol, mnoho \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch hormon\u016f v\u010detn\u011b pohlavn\u00edch nebo rostlinn\u00e9 hormony brassinosteroidy.<\/p>\n

Argentinsko-\u010desk\u00fd t\u00fdm prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee oba studovan\u00e9 geny skute\u010dn\u011b hraj\u00ed roli v synt\u00e9ze steroidn\u00edch l\u00e1tek u rostlin. Ji\u017e to byl s\u00e1m o sob\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd poznatek. Badatel\u00e9 v\u0161ak nav\u00edc zjistili, \u017ee rostliny s nefunk\u010dn\u00edmi geny ADX a ADXR maj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm. Bu\u010f se u nich spr\u00e1vn\u011b nevyv\u00edjela vaj\u00ed\u010dka v semen\u00edc\u00edch, nebo se v\u00fdvoj z\u00e1rodk\u016f ve vaj\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch zastavoval kr\u00e1tce po oplozen\u00ed, tak\u017ee nevznikala \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1 semena.<\/p>\n

Jak odhalil dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, pro tyto procesy spojen\u00e9 s pohlavn\u00edm rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd z\u00e1stupce rostlinn\u00fdch hormon\u016f brassinosteroid\u016f naz\u00fdvan\u00fd 28-homokastasteron. \u201eP\u0159ekvapilo mne, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b tato l\u00e1tka se uk\u00e1zala jako nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Obecn\u011b se toti\u017e za brassinosteroid s nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi biologick\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky pova\u017euje brassinolid, kter\u00fd se n\u00e1m ov\u0161em ve studovan\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch nepoda\u0159ilo prok\u00e1zat,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jana Okle\u0161\u0165kov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Hormony, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00ed mezi steroidn\u00ed slou\u010deniny, jsou tedy nezbytn\u00e9 pro pohlavn\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nejen \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, ale i rostlin. Jde o velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pom\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt jak reprodukci rostlin, tak evoluci hormon\u00e1ln\u00edch regulac\u00ed u mnohobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organism\u016f. Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum by se mohl zam\u011b\u0159it rovn\u011b\u017e na ot\u00e1zku, zda lze 28-homokastasteron nebo l\u00e1tky od n\u011bj odvozen\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt k podpo\u0159e tvorby semen \u010di plod\u016f, a zv\u00fd\u0161it tak v\u00fdnosy n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin.<\/p>\n

Citace \u010dl\u00e1nku:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bellido A. M., Dist\u00e9fano A. M., Setzes N., Cascallares M. M., Okle\u0161\u0165kov\u00e1 J., Nov\u00e1k O., Ramirez J. A., Zabaleta E. J., Fiol D. F., Pagnussat G. C. (2022): A mitochondrial ADXR\u2013ADX\u2013P450 electron transport chain is essential for maternal gametophytic control of embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119 (4): e2000482119, DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.2000482119. Dostupn\u00e9 na: https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/119\/4\/e2000482119<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Vaj\u00ed\u010dko pokusn\u00e9 rostliny husen\u00ed\u010dku roln\u00edho. Po oplozen\u00ed se z vaj\u00ed\u010dka postupn\u011b vyvine zral\u00e9 semeno. V lev\u00e9 doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obr\u00e1zku je vid\u011bt z\u00e1rodek (embryo) ve velmi ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje, kdy p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 drobnou kuli\u010dku na dlouh\u00e9 stopce. Sn\u00edmek z optick\u00e9ho mikroskopu. \u010cern\u00e1 \u00fase\u010dka v prav\u00e9m doln\u00edm rohu je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko: 0,05 milimetru, tedy 50 mikrometr\u016f. FOTO: Gabriela C. Pagnussat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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  Pohlavn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":249215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/11\/rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed-rostlin-3.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249212"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=249212"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":249339,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249212\/revisions\/249339"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/249215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=249212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=249212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=249212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}