{"id":249026,"date":"2022-03-09T18:37:21","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T17:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=249026"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:28:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:28:39","slug":"veda-a-zdravi-imunitni-bunky-si-predavaji-informace-pres-distribucni-sit-podobnou-zasilkove-sluzbe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=249026","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA A ZDRAV\u00cd: Imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky si p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 informace distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed podobnou z\u00e1silkov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u010casosb\u011brn\u00e9 fotografie z mikroskopu zachycuj\u00ed kritick\u00e9 okam\u017eiky distribuce antigen\u016f ze \u0161kol\u00edc\u00edch bun\u011bk (mTEC, oran\u017eov\u00e1) do bun\u011bk p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f (DC, zelen\u00e1).\u00a0<\/i>Obr\u00e1zek<\/b><\/i>\u00a01)<\/b><\/i>\u00a0<\/i>zachycuje aktivn\u00ed komunikaci mezi ob\u011bma typy bun\u011bk.\u00a0<\/i>Na obr\u00e1zku\u00a0<\/b><\/i>2)<\/b><\/i>\u00a0\u0161kol\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ka um\u00edr\u00e1 a rozpad\u00e1 se na mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed antigeny, kter\u00e9 jsou postupn\u011b distribuov\u00e1ny a pohlcov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edjemci, co\u017e je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na\u00a0<\/i>obr\u00e1zku<\/b><\/i>\u00a03)<\/b><\/i>. P\u0159\u00edjemci posl\u00e9ze prezentuj\u00ed tyto antigeny na sv\u00e9m povrchu a d\u00edky tomu mohou \u201e\u0161kolit\u201c dozr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed T lymfocyty podobn\u011b jako \u0161kol\u00edc\u00ed mTEC bu\u0148ky. T lymfocyty, kter\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed antigeny rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, jsou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9, a proto jsou eliminov\u00e1ny. Tento proces zabra\u0148uje reakc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 vedou k autoimunitn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/i><\/p>\n

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Spr\u00e1vn\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m chr\u00e1n\u00ed organismy p\u0159ed patogeny, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale nezp\u016fsobuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 reakce v\u016f\u010di vlastn\u00edmu t\u011blu, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st ke vzniku autoimunitn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Aby byl imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m takto nastaven, proch\u00e1zej\u00ed imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky zvan\u00e9 T lymfocyty b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje v brzl\u00edku \u201e\u0161kolou\u201c.<\/h6>\n

\"\"T\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f veden\u00fd Dominikem Filippem z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky AV \u010cR objasnil, jak p\u0159esn\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 \u0161kol\u00edc\u00ed proces t\u011bchto bun\u011bk a jak funguje distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 podobn\u00e1 \u201ez\u00e1silkov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b\u201c, kterou si bu\u0148ky p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed informace ve form\u011b t\u011blu vlastn\u00edch molekul zvan\u00fdch antigeny.<\/p>\n

\u0160kolen\u00ed T lymfocyt\u016f maj\u00ed na starosti zejm\u00e9na bu\u0148ky epitelu brzl\u00edku a tzv. dendritick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (bu\u0148ky imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e9 jim ukazuj\u00ed na sv\u00e9m povrchu r\u016fzn\u00e9, t\u011blu vlastn\u00ed molekuly zvan\u00e9 antigeny. V\u011bdci v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 dob\u011b objevili v\u00fdraznou rozmanitost t\u011bchto \u201e\u0161kol\u00edc\u00edch\u201c bun\u011bk, co se t\u00fd\u010de jejich vlastnost\u00ed a funkc\u00ed. Experti rovn\u011b\u017e v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee tyto bu\u0148ky spolu interaguj\u00ed a navz\u00e1jem si jejich antigeny vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Distribuci t\u011bchto antigen\u016f v brzl\u00edku lze p\u0159ipodobnit k z\u00e1silkov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b stoj\u00ed \u0161kol\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 antigeny disponuj\u00ed a \u201eodes\u00edlaj\u00ed\u201c je, na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 pak r\u016fzn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemci t\u011bchto antigen\u016f. T\u00fdm Dominika Filippa z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky AV \u010cR nyn\u00ed dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 bu\u0148ky z\u00e1silkov\u00e9 slu\u017eby si c\u00edlen\u011b vyb\u00edraj\u00ed, kam a komu zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 antigeny po\u0161lou.<\/p>\n

\u201eS vyu\u017eit\u00edm my\u0161\u00edch model\u016f se na\u0161emu t\u00fdmu poda\u0159ilo prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee mezi ur\u010dit\u00fdmi populacemi bun\u011bk brzl\u00edku doch\u00e1z\u00ed k preferen\u010dn\u00edmu p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci p\u0159enosu antigen\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo odhalit populaci tzv. aktivovan\u00fdch dendritick\u00fdch bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 jsou nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed antigen\u016f od bun\u011bk brzl\u00edku,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu Dominik Filipp.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm Dominika Filippa tak\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 dolo\u017eil, \u017ee jedna dendritick\u00e1 bu\u0148ka m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat antigeny od dvou a v\u00edce epiteli\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk brzl\u00edku a naopak, \u017ee distributorem a p\u0159\u00edjemcem v r\u00e1mci jednoho antigenn\u00edho p\u0159enosu mohou b\u00fdt dv\u011b dendritick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie vedouc\u00ed k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b antigen\u016f v brzl\u00edku nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161kolen\u00ed T lymfocyt\u016f, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na prezentaci t\u011bchto antigen\u016f, je siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bno t\u00edm, jak\u00e9 \u201e\u0161kol\u00edc\u00ed\u201c bu\u0148ky jsou v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b distributory a jak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjemci. Tato studie byla publikov\u00e1na v lednu 2022 v presti\u017en\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise eLife.<\/p>\n

(tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u010casosb\u011brn\u00e9 fotografie <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":249028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/09\/brzl\u00edk-tit.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249026"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=249026"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":249037,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249026\/revisions\/249037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/249028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=249026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=249026"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=249026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}